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1  beta-carotene supplements except in current heavy smokers.
2 even in previous smokers and was highest for heavy smokers.
3 lung tumorigenesis between light smokers and heavy smokers.
4 g (P < 0.05), with higher risks reported for heavy smokers.
5 r moderate smokers, and 1.57 (1.47-1.66) for heavy smokers.
6 25, 9.17, and 11.89 for light, moderate, and heavy smokers.
7 increased lung cancer risk, especially among heavy smokers.
8 phrenic, 26 depressed, and 26 nonpsychiatric heavy smokers.
9 ht smokers] or >10 cigarettes/d [moderate to heavy smokers]).
10 s]; offspring cohort: n = 823 [n = 430 among heavy smokers]).
11 ht smokers 0.847 (95% CI = 0.824-0.871), and heavy smokers 0.732 (95% CI = 0.708-0.752).
12 I, 1.4-6.7]; P = .004) and among moderate to heavy smokers (15.1% vs 5.3%; difference, 9.8% [95% CI,
13 was lowest in nonsmokers and highest in very heavy smokers (18.5% vs 34.5%, P < 0.001).
14                               Among the 1445 heavy smokers (20 or more pack-years), the median (IQR)
15  in nonsmokers and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.4-1.2) in heavy smokers (80 pack-years; P < 0.01 for the interacti
16 pmol/mmol, mean +/- SEM) was 176.5+/-30.6 in heavy smokers, 92.7+/-4.8 (P<.05) in moderate smokers, a
17 erformed for lung cancer screening in older, heavy smokers, a simple visual assessment of CAC can be
18  never, 42.3% former, 10.6% light, and 11.1% heavy smokers according to self-report.
19 ngs of this pilot study demonstrated that in heavy smokers, adjunctive systemic AZM in combination wi
20                            Among 543 current heavy smokers, adjusted mean values of FEV1 (lowest to h
21 T) was used to screen 2994 current or former heavy smokers, aged 50-74 years, for lung cancer.
22 with alpha-1 antitrypsin concentrations in a heavy smoker and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease c
23 V1, and 5002 with high FEV1 from each of the heavy smoker and never smoker groups.
24 h smoking reduction was mostly evident among heavy smokers and for cardiovascular disease mortality.
25 here were no significant differences between heavy smokers and light smokers in EDV (p = 0.52), basal
26 haring of genetic causes of low FEV1 between heavy smokers and never smokers (p=2.29 x 10(-16)) and b
27     We monitored 29 patients, including both heavy smokers and non-smokers, over 15 months after impl
28 soriasis risk was particularly augmented for heavy smokers and persons with longer durations of smoki
29 ups, including light smokers versus moderate-heavy smokers and those with early-stage versus late-sta
30 ls exposed to high oxidative stress, such as heavy smokers, and those with poor nutrition.
31 can be safely performed in healthy subjects, heavy smokers, and those with severe obstructive airflow
32                                              Heavy smokers are more likely to sustain VF loss in eyes
33                           The risk model for heavy smokers can allow us to stratify heavy smokers int
34 iod, assuming a 50% stage shift, the current heavy smoker cohort had 553 fewer lung cancer deaths (13
35 ark-colored irises (P < 0.009), and lower in heavy smokers compared to light (P < 0.0045) and never (
36 or lung cancer subtypes, the excess risk for heavy smokers compared with never smokers was higher for
37 ted increased dopamine synthesis capacity in heavy smokers compared with non-smokers.
38 w-dose CT data were evaluated in a cohort of heavy smokers consecutively recruited by the Multicentri
39 s from CARET participants (current or former heavy smokers), consisting of 100 patients who subsequen
40 rs with cancer risks as high as those within heavy smokers could be identified.
41                                              Heavy smokers could be successfully distinguished from n
42 er-smokers from 43 studies, we extracted the heavy smokers (CPD >20) and light smokers (CPD </=10) wi
43 ed to vary by age, with the odds ratio among heavy smokers decreasing from 2.8 among 32- to 44-year-o
44                                              Heavy smokers defined by prediagnostic circulating cotin
45 moke is a causative factor; however, not all heavy smokers develop COPD.
46                                              Heavy smokers displayed an increased relative risk (RR)
47 osed to more nicotine per cigarette than are heavy smokers due to more frequent, intensive puffing.
48                      Our results showed that heavy smokers experienced significantly more bone loss-t
49 f colorectal cancer were elevated among male heavy smokers exposed to asbestos.
50 in the screening of older current and former heavy smokers for early detection of lung cancer, which
51 actions of TCF4 genotype and smoking status; heavy smokers (FTND score >/= 4) showed stronger gene ef
52 ntrols, with smoking exposure categorized as heavy smoker (&gt;/=10 pack-years) versus never smoker/<10
53 ncrease cessation rates only for moderate to heavy smokers (&gt; or = 15 cigarettes/d).
54       The estimated odds ratio among the 350 heavy smokers (&gt; or = 50 pack-years) was 1.41 (95% confi
55  light smokers (< or =1 pack/week) and eight heavy smokers (&gt; or =1 pack/day), and their sera were ad
56 ancer, respectively, and only 39% and 49% of heavy smokers (&gt; or =40 cigarettes per day) acknowledged
57 ons were defined: never smokers (0 pack-yr), heavy smokers (&gt;/= 13 pack-yr) and light smokers (< 13 p
58 1 ng/mL), light smokers (3.1-20.9 ng/mL), or heavy smokers (&gt;/= 21.0 ng/mL).
59 not change above 20 CPD and was 36% lower in heavy smokers (&gt;/=20 CPD) than in lighter smokers (<20 C
60  mortality similar to that of quitters among heavy smokers (&gt;/=21 cigarettes/day) who reduced their s
61  smokers (1-10 cigarettes/d) and moderate to heavy smokers (&gt;10 cigarettes/d).
62 r, former, light (</=10 cigarettes/day), and heavy smokers (&gt;10 cigarettes/day) according to self-rep
63 in plasma (V(T)/f(P)) in 10 nonsmokers and 6 heavy smokers (&gt;14 cigarettes/d; abstinent for >36 h).
64 48.3%, P<0.05), but recipients of lungs from heavy smokers (&gt;40 pack-years smoking history) exhibited
65                                              Heavy smokers (&gt;40 pack-years) had increased risk for ca
66 y significant differences were found between heavy smokers (&gt;= 20 pack-years) and never smokers by Ka
67         Developing VF progression in eyes of heavy smokers (&gt;= 20 pack-years) was 2.2 times more than
68 moderate smokers (20 to <40 pack-years), and heavy smokers (&gt;or=40 pack-years).
69 [RRR] = 2.1) and severe CAL (RRR = 3.4), and heavy smokers had a higher risk for moderate (RRR = 3.0)
70 ls measured within 5 years before diagnosis, heavy smokers had a multivariable-adjusted HR for death
71  From the neutral to the cigarette cue scan, heavy smokers had greater increases than nonsmoking cont
72 y (aHR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.96-1.20), but former heavy smokers had higher risk for both HF (aHR, 1.45; 95
73 , when compared with current smokers, former heavy smokers had lower risk of death (aHR, 0.64; 95% CI
74 ith >15 years of cessation, of whom 312 were heavy smokers (highest quartile; >/=32 pack-years).
75 y cigarette consumption at the initial exam: heavy smokers (HS) > or = 20 cigarettes/day (n = 31); li
76                                       Former heavy smokers (ie, those with >=20 pack-years of smoking
77 smokers were significantly more likely to be heavy smokers in adulthood (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45; 95%
78  short-term cessation success in moderate to heavy smokers in each survey year.
79  compared with local survey-derived data for heavy smokers in New York City.
80 l for heavy smokers can allow us to stratify heavy smokers into subgroups with distinct risks, which,
81 tory volume in 1 s (FEV1) distribution among heavy smokers (mean 35 pack-years) and never smokers.
82 an age 52 yr), predominantly male (78%), and heavy smokers (mean 56 pack-yr).
83 ck [57.7%] and 1786 White [58.7%] women) and heavy smokers (mean [SD] cigarettes per day, 18.2 [7.9]
84 up) and NLST (National Lung Screening Trial) heavy smokers (n = 5493, 6-year follow-up).
85 .96, 1.93) when compared with that for CARET heavy smokers not exposed to asbestos, after adjusting f
86 0.7-0.9]), with an adjusted hazard ratio for heavy smokers of 0.5 (95% CI=0.3-0.9) compared to that o
87 eriodontal health and reducing tooth loss in heavy smokers of cigarettes, cigars, and pipes with peri
88 ed (original cohort: n = 1612 [n = 665 among heavy smokers]; offspring cohort: n = 823 [n = 430 among
89 ment therapy may be particularly helpful for heavy smokers or smokers who have experienced multiple f
90 (OR = 0.19; 95% CI, 0.06-0.59) compared with heavy smokers (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.41-1.69).
91  smokers (OR, 2.1; CI, 1.3-3.3), but not for heavy smokers (OR, 1.0; CI, 0.7-1.5).
92     Similarly, this risk was more evident in heavy smokers (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.61-4.03) than in ligh
93 okers, OR = 1.84 (95% CI: 1.2, 2.9); and for heavy smokers, OR = 1.85 (95% CI: 1.0, 3.5), relative to
94 icantly lower in light smokers compared with heavy smokers (p < 0.006 and p < 0.004, respectively).
95 tooth loss (P = 0.000), BOP (P = 0.004), and heavy smokers (P = 0.001).
96 light smokers (P = 5.15 x 10(-5)) but not in heavy smokers (P = 0.52).
97 n low-dose computed tomography scans in male heavy smokers participating in a lung cancer screening s
98          These associations were stronger in heavy smokers, particularly for IL1B C3954T (OR, 1.59; 9
99 n (healthy volunteers, patients with asthma, heavy smokers, patients undergoing lung volume reduction
100  moderate smokers (RR = 0.92; 0.72-1.16) and heavy smokers (RR = 0.95; 0.74-1.24), and did not change
101                              In both trials, heavy smokers seem to be the most adversely affected gro
102 were observed when we investigated light and heavy smokers separately.
103 s were most pronounced in non-smokers, while heavy smokers showed reduced levels of IL-1alpha protein
104                                        Among heavy smokers, smoking cessation was associated with sig
105 udies, especially for adenocarcinoma and for heavy smokers, suggesting that more emphasis should be p
106                                              Heavy smokers tended to have drinking habits, which was
107 ioeconomic status (OR = 4.5), in moderate or heavy smokers than nonsmokers (OR = 3.1), and in subject
108                                We identified heavy smokers that were resistant (n = 65) or susceptibl
109 less likely than younger, more educated, and heavy smokers to perceive an increased personal risk of
110 ST randomized 53,454 older current or former heavy smokers to receive LDCT or chest radiography (CXR)
111                            On Fine-Gray MVA, heavy smokers were associated with DF (aHR, 1.71; 95% CI
112                                       Former heavy smokers were defined as individuals who have smoke
113  5.18, respectively, for light, moderate, or heavy smokers, whereas among the individuals from famili
114 iated with a decrease in mean PPD and CAL in heavy smokers, whereas IL-8 was associated with a decrea
115  considered as a risk-reduction strategy for heavy smokers who cannot quit abruptly.
116                                       Twenty heavy smokers (who smoked > or =20 cigarettes per day) a
117            The patient lived alone and was a heavy smoker with a history of alcohol abuse.
118 mmend e-cigarettes for cessation to an older heavy smoker with multiple unsuccessful quit attempts (4
119 r PTRS versus 1.10 [0.96-1.26] for PRS among heavy smokers with >= 40 pack-years of smoking) for mode
120                                Compared with heavy smokers with a low seafood/fish intake, light smok
121 c, randomised controlled study, we recruited heavy smokers with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia fro
122  brushes from the bronchial epithelium of 35 heavy smokers without cancer.

 
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