ライフサイエンスコーパス: helium

1 no 'metals' (that is, elements heavier than helium).

2 he unusual behaviour of turbulent superfluid helium.

3 hanced in elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.

4 ted to molecules involving only hydrogen and helium.

5 quantum turbulence, particularly superfluid helium.

6 tency series: argon approximately nitrogen > helium.

7 de larger than those observed in bulk liquid helium.

8 teractive pedigree visualization tool called Helium.

9 tion with nitrogen as carrier gas instead of helium.

10 h(-1) for CFC-12 to 2.41 +/- 0.98 h(-1) for helium.

11 n, argon, and nitrogen) but not the case for helium.

12 y attributable to increased field heating by helium.

13 hite powder under an atmosphere of SO(2) and helium.

14 s of NEMS resonators in the liquid phases of helium.

15 in superconductors, atomic gases, and liquid helium.

16 uch lower pressures in liquid and superfluid helium.

17 s of aerosols via laser-induced breakdown in helium.

18 pendence of the diffusivity on the number of heliums.

19 ute ischemic stroke, these data suggest that helium 1) should not be administered before or together

20 cy of the multibreath wash-in hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) approach to ventilation measurement by

21 r lung volume when performing hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) lung studies if (3)He MR imaging is to

22 istance (6MWD), and underwent hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and com

23 with attenuation values less than -950 HU ), helium 3 ((3)He) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging ventila

24 patients with asthma by using hyperpolarized helium 3 ((3)He) ventilation MR imaging.

25 Helium 3 ADC values were significantly elevated in PRM g

26 The superfluid phases of helium-3 ((3)He) are predicted to be strongly influenced

27 We reexamined the current hypothesis using helium-3 ((3)He) magnetic resonance (MR) to assess alveo

28 Here we discuss results from superfluid helium-3 contained in a single 1.08-mum-thick nanofluidi

29 a recent re-activation of Mt Ontake and that helium-3 enhancement may have been a precursor of the 20

30 imaging (MRI) with the use of hyperpolarized helium-3 gas showed overall acinar-airway dimensions tha

31 e of confinement on the phases of superfluid helium-3 is studied using the torsional pendulum method.

32 Helium-3 is the most sensitive tracer of magmatic volati

33 ventilation defect volume by hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging and areas of low sig

34 r percentage defect volume on hyperpolarized helium-3 magnetic resonance imaging.

35 average alveolar dimensions, was measured by helium-3 magnetic resonance.

36 In contrast, the helium-3 spin-echo (HeSE) technique achieves spatial and

37 ribed by a quantum field, such as superfluid helium-3.

38 owstone National Park is famous for its high helium-3/helium-4 isotope ratio, commonly cited as evide

39 otational and relaxational dynamics of solid helium-4 ((4)He) throughout the parameter range of the p

40 the rotation of single, isolated superfluid helium-4 droplets containing ~10(8) to 10(11) atoms.

41 hemistry and isotopic analyses, that crustal helium-4 emission rates from Yellowstone exceed (by orde

42 ational Park is famous for its high helium-3/helium-4 isotope ratio, commonly cited as evidence for a

43 tted from this region is actually radiogenic helium-4 produced within the crust by alpha-decay of ura

44 n be overcome using a combination of apatite helium ages and cosmogenic nuclides measured in multiple

45 We show that Helium allows users to easily integrate a number of data

46 f quantum fluids, systems such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, which are c

47 eatures of quantum fluids such as superfluid helium and Bose-Einstein condensates.

48 Unfavourable energy barriers to helium and hydrogen transfer indicate the process is sel

49 The instrument uses both helium and neon ion beams generated by a gas field ion s

50 dy quantum electrodynamics in singly ionized helium and neutral helium, the development of next-gener

51 (CH3O-PEO-H) for positive ionization in both helium and nitrogen as drift gas.

52 ation between ion mobility cross sections in helium and nitrogen buffer gases was examined as a funct

53 ata show that the ratio of cross sections in helium and nitrogen depends significantly on the tempera

54 ng high wave heights and velocities with low helium and nitrogen flow rates while keeping a high He/N

55 icates that collision cross sections in both helium and nitrogen gases can be well-correlated for lar

56 Collision cross sections in both helium and nitrogen gases were measured directly using a

57 subclass (those WRSs with winds dominated by helium and nitrogen, with traces of hydrogen).

58 Comparisons made between helium and nitrogen-derived CCS measurements demonstrate

59 nst the handheld LTP source, which uses less helium and power than the large-scale version, revealed

60 otope ratios, along with groundwater tritium-helium and radiogenic (4)He in-growth age-dating techniq

61 ry of a thermodynamically stable compound of helium and sodium, Na2He, which has a fluorite-type stru

62 Helium and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) phase III expired c

63 dial, and renal ischemia reperfusion injury; helium and xenon have additionally been tested in hepati

64 Helium and xenon show organ protective effects mostly in

65 r grid; (ii) a cylinder; (iii) a free jet of helium, and (iv) a free jet of air with the Taylor Reyno

66 Here we report a long-term helium anomaly measured in hot springs close to the cent

67 uencies, the kinetic barriers to the loss of helium are predicted to be small, and are not increased

68 ent values of dielectric breakdown strength (helium, argon, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and sul

69 n leads to the formation of a solid layer of helium around charged impurities at much lower pressures

70 interpret data using sulfur hexafluoride and helium as dual volatile tracers was developed and shown

71 ciation (HCD) cell bath gas pressures, using helium as the bath gas and trapping ions in the HCD cell

72 Specifically, using helium as the reagent gas and with the DART heater tempe

73 brain ischemia, we found that intraischemic helium at 75 vol% inhibits tissue plasminogen activator-

74 ischemic brain damage and that postischemic helium at 75 vol% reduces ischemic brain damage and brai

75 Experiments in an inert helium atmosphere confirm that FeO reacts via a redox me

76 acked with Sc2O3 and graphite powder under a helium atmosphere.

77 he developed methodology is not exclusive to Helium atom scattering and can also be applied to other

78 Helium Atom Scattering combined with Atomic Force Micros

79 uniquely accessed through low-energy neutral helium atom scattering due to the highly surface-sensiti

80 Helium atom scattering is a well established method for

81 lline polymer films have been measured using helium atom scattering.

82 ere assumed for all plasma species except of helium atoms and ions.

83 ponents in the diffuse scattering of neutral helium atoms from the surface of a thin poly(ethylene te

84 n gas containing some fraction of metastable helium atoms or nitrogen molecules.

85 alogous maps of emission from highly excited helium atoms revealed that helium metastable atom densit

86 recording the decay of elastically scattered helium atoms with increasing surface temperature.

87 ystem: a gigantic molecule consisting of two helium atoms, with an 80% probability that its two nucle

88 also compared to the original and optimized helium based trajectory methods.

89 structively by taking advantage of a neutral helium beam as a chemically, electrically and magnetical

90 Although high-level theory predicts these helium bonds to be quite short with relatively high stre

91 plexes, which serve as the nuclei for larger helium bubble growth, over timescales reaching into the

92 ulfide (CEES), and octane were acquired with helium buffer gas pressures ranging from 0.04 to 1.2 Tor

93 at operational pressures exceeding 1 Torr of helium buffer gas.

94 ermines the ratio of carbon to oxygen during helium burning, and affects subsequent carbon, neon, oxy

95 ccessful hydrodynamical theory of superfluid helium, but by the nature of the scale separations it ca

96 ble to liquids, vapors, and gases, including helium, but these membranes allow unimpeded permeation o

97 a Fano resonance in the prototype system of helium by interrupting the autoionization process of a c

98 3P0 J, and 2p 1P0 created in an atmospheric helium capillary dielectric barrier discharge were deter

99 uman cells have been simulated for hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon ions with 0.25

100 al features including emission from both the helium carrier gas and the Al2O3 aerosols were analyzed

101 ximizes the yield of molecular hydrogen in a helium carrier gas by irreversibly and quantitatively sc

102 This work provides the first use of helium charge transfer dissociation (He-CTD) tandem mass

103 Nd:YAG laser beam was focused into a flux of helium charged with alumina aerosols of a few micrometer

104 In our experiments, we injected helium/CO2 to displace water in eight water-saturated sa

105 Helium collision cell gases and reactive ammonia gas are

106 ega(N(2))) range of 124.5-254.3 A(2) and the helium collision cross-section (Omega(He)) range of 63.0

107 investigate small (N = 1,2) V N He M vacancy/helium complexes, which serve as the nuclei for larger h

108 h can sustain the elevated temperature, high helium concentration and extreme radiation environments

109 offers low power consumption (<400 mW), low helium consumption (5.8 mL/min), rapid response (up to a

110 The ability to perform analysis with zero helium consumption is especially attractive in view of t

111 ly in the case of liquid nitrogen- or liquid helium-cooled detectors) should be monitored.

112 is sufficiently large, such that evaporative helium cooling is capable of kinetically quenching the n

113 as being close to "peaking" such as lithium, helium, copper, and the rare earth elements, show no evi

114 Here we report that the presence of helium core masses up to about 0.04 solar masses larger

115 mbers (the 'blue hook' stars, which had late helium-core flash ignition, followed by deep mixing) are

116 ma for 2 h continuously, while the miniature helium cylinder supplies gas flow for approximately 8 co

117 e, is battery-powered and utilizes miniature helium cylinders or air as the discharge gas.

118 was 1.3 +/- 0.8 years, determined by tritium-helium dating.

119 sibility measurements on electrons on liquid helium demonstrating the formation of an incompressible

120 uracy, care must be exercised when utilizing helium-derived CCS values to calibrate measurements obta

121 re a new suggestion is made for compounds of helium deriving from a recent proposal that five-coordin

122 The injection of helium did not change the T2 spectra of the coals.

123 elium metastable atoms in the afterglow of a helium dielectric-barrier discharge (He-DBD) using colli

124 This helium dimer ion (He(2)(+)) has two important roles: Fir

125 rved in the DBD with nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium discharge gases but not in air.

126 rved in the DBD with nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium discharge gases but not in air.

127 etween hydrogen isotopologues and metastable helium down to 0.01 K.

128 um nanoparticles are formed using superfluid helium droplets as the nanoreactors, which are strongly

129 bond in iodine clusters formed in superfluid helium droplets based on results from electron diffracti

130 r certain experimental conditions, a rain of helium droplets is detected by small sensors placed in t

131 Helium droplets provide an exotic and unique environment

132 file of dimer dominated clusters embedded in helium droplets reveals an interatomic distance of 3.65

133 Water clusters are formed in helium droplets via the sequential capture of monomers.

134 a concise account of the basic principles of helium droplets, including how to form, dope, and interr

135 a perhaps limited environment of superfluid helium droplets.

136 frustrated aggregation process in superfluid helium due to the antiferromagnetic nature of chromium.

137 trate the extremes in variability of crustal helium efflux on geologic timescales and imply crustal-s

138 However, much of the helium emitted from this region is actually radiogenic h

139 dwarf planets with rocky cores and hydrogen-helium envelopes (radii between 1.7 and 3.9 Earth radii)

140 jects with large cores and moderate hydrogen/helium envelopes, to rocky objects with roughly the mass

141 es at cryogenic temperatures in a superfluid helium environment.

142 ciation in salty water, and super-Maxwellian helium evaporation.

143 deposit were heated to ~835 degrees C under helium flow and evolved gases analyzed by Curiosity's Sa

144 D-PID performance on bias voltage, auxiliary helium flow rate, carrier gas flow rate, and temperature

145 ic CO2 does not impact the measurement, that helium flush can lead to isotopic fractionation and fina

146 remaining in the loaded vial, (2) impact of helium flush, (3) sampling speed.

147 The measured collision cross section in helium for the Naph(+*)(Pyr) heterodimer of 84.9 +/- 2.5

148 through liquid and vapor phases of cryogenic helium from the constantly heated, but cooler, bottom pl

149 is of the spectroscopic signature of ionized helium from the unbound debris, we determine that the di

150 defects identified by using hyperpolarized 3-helium gas ((3)He) lung magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

151 at low temperature indicate that exposure to helium gas at 500 MPa leads to a stoichiometry close to

152 rocky cores surrounded by thick hydrogen and helium gas envelopes.

153 The h-FAPA operates with a helium gas flow of 0.60 L/min outer, 0.30 L/min inner, a

154 he sample and flushing the sample tubes with helium gas halted such changes.

155 The insertion of helium gas into CaZrF6 both elastically stiffens the mat

156 ts of micron sized hollow tube in which pure helium gas is ionized by high voltage (4 kV) and high fr

157 n of the sample target and the generation of helium gas plasma, respectively, with properly controlle

158 The plasma consists of ionized helium gas that is produced by a high-voltage (8 kV) and

159 is proposed by employing flowing atmospheric helium gas without the use of a sample chamber.

160 We also observe that oxygen and helium gases have different effects on both the photolum

161 fterglow (AeroFAPA) ion source is based on a helium glow discharge plasma, which generates excited he

162 ace anthropogenic fluxes of iridium, osmium, helium, gold, ruthenium, antimony, platinum, palladium,

163 Helium has a much higher solubility in CaZrF6 than silic

164 Helium has a unique phase diagram and below 25 bar it do

165 It seems that helium has accumulated for (at least) many hundreds of m

166 Helium has been shown to provide neuroprotection in mech

167 The observed fluxes of helium (He(+)) are more evenly distributed, indicating a

168 Three helium (He) atoms have been predicted to form a molecula

169 ay, cosmic dust, volcanic emissions, and for helium, hydrodynamic escape from the Earth's atmosphere.

170 at the morphology of the FNWs was changed by helium IBID at high temperature.

171 of previously proposed explosion models-the helium-ignition branch-does exist in nature, and that su

172 ory and may constrain the region of hydrogen-helium immiscibility and the boundary-layer pressure in

173 The role of superfluid helium in guiding the trapped molecules into local poten

174 icity (the fraction of elements heavier than helium in stellar atmospheres) in local galaxies, from 2

175 imply crustal-scale open-system behaviour of helium in tectonically and magmatically active regions.

176 was found that one origin of excited atomic helium in the afterglow region of the LTP is from dielec

177 The addition of 1% H(2) to the helium in the source provided nearly a factor of 2 impro

178 f of white dwarfs have elements heavier than helium in their atmospheres, even though these elements

179 icities (abundances of elements heavier than helium) indicate that the gas out of which the stars for

180 However, whether or not helium interacts with the thrombolytic drug tissue plasm

181 quarex)(CaZr)F6 can be prepared by inserting helium into CaZrF6 at high pressure.

182 e empirical results for injections of CO2 in helium into MS and AMS instruments.

183 ilm with periodic structure was deposited by helium ion beam induced deposition (IBID) on the surface

184 Here, we report the effects of focused helium ion beam irradiation on the structural, optical a

185 physical nano- and micro- structures to the helium ion dose, as well as chemical signatures of coppe

186 In this study, low energy helium ion irradiation on free-standing iron thin films

187 th high spatial resolution through selective helium ion irradiation with a well-controlled dose.

188 everely relative to electron transport after helium ion irradiation.

189 , we discuss the chemical changes induced by helium ion irradiation.

190 is letter, we report the utility of scanning helium ion lithography for fabricating functional graphe

191 Here, we demonstrate the use of a scanning helium ion microscope (HIM) for tailoring the functional

192 ly been overcome with the development of the Helium Ion Microscope (HIM), which boasts advances in ch

193 g a novel in-house-developed high-resolution helium ion microscope coupled with a secondary ion mass

194 In this work, we demonstrate Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) as a tool for imaging and qu

195 ne nanowhiskers (FNWs) in situ with scanning helium ion microscopy (HIM) at elevated temperatures.

196 Further, helium ion microscopy vividly demonstrated the restorati

197 ound library with varying Cu/In ratio, using Helium Ion Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), an

198 Helium ion scanning microscopy (HIM) is a novel technolo

199 we report the application of newly developed helium ion scanning microscopy (HIM) to examine the glom

200 ve demonstrated that low doses of low energy helium ions can be used to tailor the structural and ele

201 Despite many favorable properties, helium ions incoming from the plasma are known to dramat

202 The simulations show that protons and helium ions induce more DNA damage than heavier ions do

203 d by using a 500-pm-diameter focused beam of helium ions to directly write tunnel barriers into YBa2C

204 o the extent of the stopping distance of the helium ions.

205 Helium is a powerful tracer of primitive material in Ear

206 Helium is analyzed using a quadrupole mass spectrometer

207 Helium is generally understood to be chemically inert an

208 Turbulence in superfluid helium is unusual and presents a challenge to fluid dyna

209 Helium is used as a critical tracer throughout the Earth

210 , He(2)(+) is the dominant positive ion when helium is used as the plasma supporting gas.

211 We compiled a global data set for carbon and helium isotopes from volcanic arcs and demonstrated that

212 Helium isotopes provide an important tool for tracing ea

213 behavior when temperature crosses the liquid helium lambda point.

214 ated with a phase transition in the attached helium layer from solid to partly liquid (melting of the

215 The combined helium-, lead- and Nd-isotopic compositions in Baffin Is

216 3 cm x 42 cm) includes a roughing pump and a helium lecture bottle; the total weight of the instrumen

217 ing metals (defined as elements heavier than helium), limiting the chemical abundance to less than 1/

218 cent of the Sun's) of elements heavier than helium (low metallicity), and although its gas mass cann

219 plate is cooled by heat exchange with liquid helium maintained at 4.2 K.

220 The dissolved helium makes the SiO(2) glass much less compressible at

221 y hydrogen-poor (three per cent hydrogen and helium mass fraction) atmospheric composition.

222 er pressures up to 18.6 GPa, suggesting that helium may have entered in the voids in SiO(2) glass und

223 diffraction peak position of SiO(2) glass in helium medium remains essentially the same under pressur

224 s with tiny amounts of elements heavier than helium ('metals') have been found in the outer regions (

225 om highly excited helium atoms revealed that helium metastable atom densities did not correlate well

226 Fluorescence images also showed that helium metastable atom densities increased substantially

227 also studied the effect hydrogen has on the helium metastable atom densities.

228 ent conditions, despite the quenching of the helium metastable atom population.

229 describe direct imaging of the densities of helium metastable atoms in the afterglow of a helium die

230 Here we present scanning helium micrographs demonstrating image contrast arising

231 Scanning helium microscopy is able to image such structures compl

232 The ability of scanning helium microscopy to distinguish between materials witho

233 Micron-sized solid particles and metastable helium molecules are specifically being used to investig

234 Helium nanodroplets are considered ideal model systems t

235 h n exceeding 100 via electron ionization of helium nanodroplets doped with C60.

236 nsed phases, isolated in supersonic jets and helium nanodroplets, and, recently also on the level of

237 tigate the effects of different drift gases (helium, neon, nitrogen, and argon) on the transport of m

238 similarity to the progenitor of the Galactic helium nova V445 Puppis suggest that SN 2012Z was the ex

239 ion, with a light-mass fraction (protons and helium nuclei) of about 80 per cent.

240 We show that helium of 25-75 vol% inhibits in a concentration-depende

241 dances of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium) of more than 400 stars hosting 600 exoplanet can

242 ental results that reveal a strong effect of helium on the intermediate range structural order of SiO

243 hese observations suggest that the effect of helium on the structure and compression of SiO(2) glass

244 d at atmospheric pressures through a flow of helium or air) within the pore space.

245 fluorescence (EDXRF), under an atmosphere of helium or air.

246 the aerosol is exposed to a thermal flow of helium or nitrogen gas containing some fraction of metas

247 In superfluids, such as liquid helium or ultracold gases, the corresponding quantities

248 tive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations, helium/oxygen (heliox) reduces the work of breathing and

249 00, which is limited ultimately by the local helium phase transition.

250 ich is based on the use of a low temperature helium plasma as ionization source, is used for the dete

251 Helium plasma etched MoS2 layers for edge contacts.

252 utput energy of 26 mJ and 1 mus ahead of the helium plasma generation.

253 e solution interacted with a low-temperature helium plasma in air.

254 d to HBr in a low-pressure microwave induced helium plasma with trace amounts of hydrogen added as a

255 An enclosed atmospheric-pressure helium-plasma ionization (HePI-MS) source avoids, or min

256 s were detected directly by ambient-pressure helium-plasma ionization-mass spectrometry (HePI-MS), wi

257 Subsequent ionization is accomplished by a helium plasmajet generated in the dielectric barrier dis

258 Most of the metals (elements heavier than helium) produced by stars in the member galaxies of clus

259 Helium proved neuroprotective in rodents and cardioprote

260 complexes provides an efficient pathway for helium release at fluxes expected in fusion reactors, an

261 ollowed by deep mixing) are the progeny of a helium-rich 'second generation' of stars.

262 ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) employing helium-rich gases can readily separate phosphopeptides w

263 Use of elevated electric fields and helium-rich gases has recently enabled differential ion

264 , we determine that the disrupted star was a helium-rich stellar core.

265 uch as that expected from evaporation from a helium-saturated surface.

266 to a MS instrument is approximately 14% (CO2/helium separation factor of 2.7).

267 it could occur through detonation of a thin helium shell either on a near-Chandrasekhar-mass white d

268 This helium source may have been isolated at the core-mantle

269 ow discharge plasma, which generates excited helium species and primary reagent ions.

270 construct surface dynamical processes with a helium spin-echo spectrometer for the first time.

271 Only one HVS (US 708, HVS 2) is a compact helium star.

272 n of a white dwarf accreting material from a helium-star companion.

273 ges to rule out luminous red giants and most helium stars as companions to the progenitor.

274 rule out luminous red giants and almost all helium stars as the mass-donating companion to the explo

275 white dwarfs or other compact stars such as helium stars.

276 The populations of the lowest excited helium states 2s 3S1, 2s 1S, 2p 3P0 J, and 2p 1P0 create

277 eresting phase transitions upon heating in a helium stream.

278 isualize the motion of quantized vortices in helium superfluids.

279 on-tolerant materials that do not experience helium swelling for advanced nuclear reactor application

280 Helium-tagged complexes were prepared at temperatures be

281 (25),15,17(24),21-octaene, complex 1) using helium tagging infrared photodissociation (IRPD), absorp

282 t U isotopes ((238)U and (233)U), and liquid helium temperature time-resolved laser-induced fluoresce

283 populated by thermal equilibration at liquid helium temperature.

284 tum yield is temperature invariant at liquid helium temperatures and shows a rather large kinetic iso

285 d 10(4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) at room and liquid-helium temperatures, respectively, allowing the observat

286 active for high-field applications at liquid helium temperatures.

287 ase compounds Cu(hfac)(2)L(R) at low (liquid helium) temperatures and approaches developed for photos

288 ynamics in singly ionized helium and neutral helium, the development of next-generation 'nuclear' clo

289 rformance for an ion funnel trap upon adding helium; the signal intensities for higher m/z species we

290 m ambient-pressure HePI-MS by simply passing helium through the metal capillary intended for liquid-s

291 remote physical systems ranging from liquid helium, ultracold atoms and superconducting thin films t

292 an that achieved with self-injection mode in helium under similar laser parameters.

293 The effect of helium upon IMS resolving power was also studied by intr

294 anediol in cold (6 K) collisions with atomic helium using microwave spectroscopy and buffer-gas cooli

295 en CCS values are systematically larger than helium values; however, general separation trends betwee

296 ibrate by extrapolating from CCS measured in helium via drift tube (DT) IM-MS.

297 th previous experiments on superfluid liquid helium where hysteresis was observed directly in systems

298 icities (abundances of elements heavier than helium), with metal-poor clusters dominating the stellar

299 , serving as a metallic intermediate between helium, with its quantum effect-dominated structures, an

300 (n = 109), and average diffusion distance of helium (X(rms)) by q-space analysis (n = 46).