ライフサイエンスコーパス: herbivore

1 (carnivores) or to fermented rumen contents (herbivores).

2 sia (27% greater vegetation increase without herbivores).

3 utside field exclosures (areas that excluded herbivores).

4 d thus could suffer greater vulnerability to herbivores.

5 anges for the behavior and fitness of insect herbivores.

6 ellulose-degrading microbiota of terrestrial herbivores.

7 ures with individual behavioural patterns of herbivores.

8 ood web, including pathogens, mutualists and herbivores.

9 indirect host-mediated effects of climate on herbivores.

10 sts or to attract pollinators and enemies of herbivores.

11 of persistence of colonizing (late-arriving) herbivores.

12 ed as a byproduct of enteric fermentation by herbivores.

13 ported to repel or attract conspecific adult herbivores.

14 rformance datasets from 53 species of insect herbivores.

15 ow contain both native and exotic plants and herbivores.

16 dicots) shape resource use patterns in these herbivores.

17 considered an indirect plant defence against herbivores.

18 re high predator activity limits foraging by herbivores.

19 line or local extinction of medium and large herbivores.

20 ed became increasingly dominated by tropical herbivores.

21 unapparent plants differ in their effects on herbivores.

22 cluding defense compounds that target insect herbivores.

23 d the battle between plants and their hidden herbivores.

24 croplastics from the water to marine benthic herbivores.

25 ad equally strong top-down effects on insect herbivores.

26 olutionary interactions between Inga and its herbivores.

27 red in pollinators and difficult to learn in herbivores.

28 ects as well as biological control of insect herbivores.

29 interactions for natural enemies, plants and herbivores.

30 iding protection against a broad spectrum of herbivores.

31 or biotic stress factors like pathogens and herbivores.

32 feeding that attract natural enemies of the herbivores, a tri-trophic interaction which has been con

33 ficantly explain future parasitism rates and herbivore abundances.

34 However, herbivore access drove population decline (lambda < 1),

35 Our findings suggest that herbivore-adapted savannas evolved several million years

36 ophyte on plant defense against below-ground herbivores, adds to growing evidence that induced tolera

37 e interactions between corn, the aboveground herbivore adult Diabrotica speciosa, the belowground her

38 How has this large-scale removal of large herbivores affected landscape structure and ecosystem fu

39 However, whether these traits protect herbivores against their enemies is poorly understood.

40 oth native pathogenic fungi and a specialist herbivore and infer that their diversification is likely

41 Insect (herbivore and parasitoid)-associated microbes can favor

42 on of defense genes in tomato in response to herbivore and pathogen attacks.

43 demonstrating the importance of sap-feeding herbivores and herbivore identity, as well as the chemic

44 ction as generalized direct defenses against herbivores and pathogens remains unknown.

45 ted plant Se protects plants from generalist herbivores and pathogens, but also gives rise to the evo

46 ness in flowering plants and are attacked by herbivores and pathogens, but how they are defended is r

47 vels were associated with resistance against herbivores and pathogens.

48 species richness, abundance of invertebrate herbivores and predators), there was pronounced divergen

49 deciduous trees damaged by known defoliating herbivores and suggests that chewing damage on mountain

50 grazing) has rarely been reported for large herbivores and the conditions that can lead to it are po

51 ich indirectly affected interactions between herbivores and their insect parasitoids.

52 the stance and locomotion of these enormous herbivores and, by extension, gigantic terrestrial verte

53 re experiments to assess the impact of large herbivores (and their disappearance) on woody species, l

54 hat a specialist caterpillar (biting-chewing herbivore) and a specialist aphid (phloem feeder) differ

55 Using population estimates for these mega-herbivores, and data on digestion time (hrs), average da

56 fields) of arthropod pollinators, predators, herbivores, and detritivores.

57 dentally and intentionally introduced insect herbivores, and observations of the impacts of insect sp

58 dentally and intentionally introduced insect herbivores, and observations of the impacts of insect sp

59 drates are two key macronutrients for insect herbivores, and the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa zea sel

60 hylum has been proposed to ferment fibre for herbivores, and thus may contribute to the ability of so

61 This pattern provides evidence that herbivores are evolving effective counteradaptations to

62 The ecological effects of plant volatiles on herbivores are manifold.

63 Insect herbivores are no exception and the majority have evolve

64 The effects of predator assemblages on herbivores are predicted to depend critically on predato

65 ous while the majority of other lepidopteran herbivores are specialist.

66 he most suitable/attractive hosts for insect herbivores are the most vigorous plants.

67 alues are two frequent outcomes of the plant-herbivore arms race.

68 We found that similarity in herbivore assemblages between Inga species was correlate

69 Herbivore associated bacteria are vital mediators of pla

70 (EDS) rapidly activated by the perception of herbivore associated elicitors (HAE) that includes trans

71 l role of many plant traits to tolerate both herbivore attack and abiotic stress, the climatic niche

72 Plant responses to herbivore attack are regulated by phytohormonal networks

73 Plant susceptibility to herbivore attack is determined not just by the suite of

74 DCL3 and DCL4) proteins are recruited during herbivore attack to mediate the regulation of defense re

75 grew normally but were highly susceptible to herbivore attack.

76 rongly, rapidly, and specifically induced by herbivore attack.

77 atiotemporal patterns of IAA accumulation in herbivore-attacked Nicotiana attenuata plants to unravel

78 temic, JA-dependent secondary metabolites in herbivore-attacked plants.

79 l conditions, challenging the expectation of herbivore avoidance of these induced volatiles.

80 The relative abundances of herbivores, bacterivores, predators and fungivores were

81 nctional connection between the green (plant-herbivore-based) and brown (detritus-detritivore-based)

82 ects, such as decreased grazing capacity and herbivore biodiversity in the area.

83 herbivores that made up >93% of the average herbivore biomass (per m(2)).

84 , can achieve abundances comparable to total herbivore biomass on healthier, protected reefs, and exe

85 of the dung fungus Sporormiella, a proxy for herbivore biomass, from 150,000 to 45,000 years ago, the

86 ons and the consequences of heterogeneity in herbivore body size and diet breadth (i.e. the diversity

87 Heterogeneity in herbivore body size and diet breadth, as well as other p

88 to vertebrate herbivores, one focused on an herbivore body size gradient, and the other on a climate

89 ted from neutral to negative with increasing herbivore body size.

90 Such changes can affect herbivores both directly (e.g. through changes in body t

91 ants and consequent interactions with a rice herbivore, brown rice planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata luge

92 stinal tracts of numerous hindgut-fermenting herbivores, but their physiology is poorly characterized

93 Many plants defend themselves against herbivores by chemical deterrents in their tissues and t

94 well known that plant damage by leaf-chewing herbivores can induce resistance in neighbouring plants.

95 Insect herbivores can influence rare plant species and need to

96 Highly adapted herbivores can phenocopy two-component systems by stabil

97 Ecologists have traditionally focused on herbivore carcasses as study models in scavenging resear

98 ir parasites, and suggest that carnivore and herbivore carcasses play very different roles in food we

99 carrion biomass were substantially higher at herbivore carcasses than at carnivore carcasses.

100 Our results illustrate how herbivores combine stabilized and reactivated plant toxi

101 ignificant role in the stability of consumer-herbivore communities in the field.

102 more, host defensive traits explained 40% of herbivore community similarity.

103 into temperate environments with a distinct herbivore community.

104 mographic modelling shows that native insect herbivores consistently prevent hard-to-predict fluctuat

105 We demonstrate that these marine mega-herbivores consume and pass in faecal matter viable seed

106 ling leaf production (and to a lesser extent herbivore damage) for all five tree species.

107 ogy and life-history traits of a key aquatic herbivore, Daphnia magna.

108 Herbivores decreased soil respiration in subarctic ecosy

109 Frass-induced suppression of herbivore defenses by deposition of the plant-derived ch

110 is also a phenomenon unlike the induction of herbivore defenses by insect oral secretions in most hos

111 olfactory cues.Plants are able to prime anti-herbivore defenses in response to olfactory cues of inse

112 We previously documented priming of anti-herbivore defenses in tall goldenrod plants (Solidago al

113 ptera frugiperda) larval frass that suppress herbivore defenses while simultaneously inducing pathoge

114 d an important role in elevating tomato anti-herbivore defenses.

115 forests, following experimental reduction of herbivore densities by aerial spraying of insecticide ov

116 dal flats to study the effects of changes in herbivore density and nutrient availability on benthic m

117 erformance and population dynamics of insect herbivores depend on the nutritive and defensive traits

118 he underlying risk-resource landscape shaped herbivore distribution, herding propensity and the incid

119 Despite low herbivore diversity and intense urbanization, macroalgal

120 Coevolutionary models suggest that herbivores drive diversification and community compositi

121 h likely reduces plant resistance to chewing herbivores due to its negative cross-talk with JA.

122 Larval herbivores employ habituation and sensitization-strategi

123 the multi-trophic interactions between plant-herbivore-entomopathogenic fungi, is still unknown.

124 e tables of plant populations manipulated by herbivore exclusion and seed-addition experiments, tests

125 e tables of plant populations manipulated by herbivore exclusion and seed-addition experiments, tests

126 > 5) and complex density fluctuations under herbivore exclusion.

127 nvironment thus drives the abundance of this herbivore exclusively through the mediation of a protect

128 We found that closely related herbivores fed on Inga with similar defenses rather than

129 ith predation risk more strongly suppressing herbivore feeding in more complex areas and for individu

130 Herbivore fish biomass was significantly higher in the m

131 e plant, but also by the capabilities of the herbivore for tolerating, circumventing, or disarming th

132 Extant terrestrial herbivores free of significant predation pressure, due t

133 w a clear distinction between carnivores and herbivores from this food web.

134 Evolutionary innovations in herbivore function have shaped shallow marine ecosystems

135 sider the potential role of these additional herbivore functional groups in safeguarding natural cont

136 enses predict resistance to different insect herbivores, fungal pathogens, and a parasitic plant, sug

137 only have multiple defense functions against herbivores, fungi, and bacteria, but also have been impl

138 fects of ocean acidification on a calcifying herbivore (gastropod) within the natural complexity of a

139 Herbivore generalists were concentrated on hosts with lo

140 species richness for plants and invertebrate herbivores (green web groups) both peaked at intermediat

141 ods > sap feeders), diet breadth (specialist herbivores > generalists), and selection history (domest

142 sults demonstrate that host plants influence herbivore gut bacterial communities and consequently aff

143 The evolution of resource use in herbivores has been conceptualized as an analog of the t

144 equired for adaptations in generalist insect herbivores has previously been performed.

145 It has been hypothesized that herbivores host tannin-degrading bacteria (TDB) to overc

146 nses, suggesting taxon-specific histories of herbivore-host plant interactions.

147 resource capture have focused on terrestrial herbivores, however, especially taxa that feed belowgrou

148 ivores, whether communication is specific to herbivore identity, and the chemical basis of communicat

149 specificity of plant-plant communication to herbivore identity, as each aphid-damaged plant only ind

150 the importance of sap-feeding herbivores and herbivore identity, as well as the chemical basis for su

151 led by climate, ecosystem type, and dominant herbivore identity.

152 Although the functional roles of reef herbivores in controlling algae are becoming better unde

153 ges in the abundance of C4 grass and grazing herbivores in eastern Africa during the Pliocene and Ple

154 erse, major agricultural pests, and dominant herbivores in many ecosystems.

155 s enable plants to resist different types of herbivores in nature, and jasmonate-dependent defenses a

156 eeding nematodes were negatively affected by herbivores in subarctic sites.

157 Our results reveal that one of the dominant herbivores in Subarctic wetlands, wood frog tadpoles, ar

158 ing the tree genus Inga and its lepidopteran herbivores in the Amazon.

159 iations between angiosperm plants and volant herbivores in various therian clades.

160 from near complete specialization on native herbivores in wildlands to greater use of exotic and inv

161 tritivores, bacterivores, fungivores, and/or herbivores) in woodlands and wetlands, which become less

162 limate change in the distributions of insect herbivores indicate the possibility of new influences on

163 Although specialist herbivores induced more total volatiles than generalists

164 ows these individual fitness reductions from herbivore-induced changes in plant metabolism can indire

165 hich reduces individual plant fitness due to herbivore-induced chemical defenses and signaling on pol

166 plant chitinases mediate the suppression of herbivore-induced defenses, thereby increasing the perfo

167 hyte-elicited GA biosynthesis suppressed the herbivore-induced JA in roots and recovered plant growth

168 e inhibitors (TPIs), which are also found in herbivore-induced leaves.

169 GO8 plants were significantly compromised in herbivore-induced levels of defense metabolites such as

170 Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) mediate critic

171 mical defenses and signaling on pollinators (herbivore-induced pollinator limitation).

172 our study identifies the effector AGO of the herbivore-induced small RNA machinery, which in N. atten

173 eometrid moth, feeding and larval density on herbivore-induced VOC emissions from mountain birch in l

174 The results show that herbivore-induced VOC emissions were strongly dependent

175 By exploiting the variation of herbivore-induced volatiles among 26 maize (Zea mays) in

176 sence of these alternate products in natural herbivore-induced volatiles of M. truncatula.

177 Some herbivore-induced-plant volatiles (HIPVs) compounds are

178 We conclude that the decline of large herbivores induces major alterations in landscape struct

179 and results in an almost doubling of insect herbivore infection by entomopathogenic nematodes.

180 s demonstrate that some, but not all, insect herbivores influence plant population densities.

181 properties of their joint effects on insect herbivores inform theory on multiple predator effects as

182 e direction and magnitude of large mammalian herbivore-initiated indirect interactions using 67 publi

183 ti-year dynamics and reorganization of plant-herbivore interaction networks across secondary successi

184 While plant-herbivore interaction outcomes are famously context-depe

185 As a consequence, we developed a new plant/herbivore interaction system by challenging C. roseus le

186 The literature on plant-herbivore interactions focuses on plant trait mean value

187 he impact of root endophytes on below-ground herbivore interactions remains unknown.

188 ological model plant with well-characterized herbivore interactions to characterize defense responses

189 tophysiology, size, and ecology (i.e., plant-herbivore interactions) of seedlings of the seagrass Pos

190 te and resource density) is central in plant-herbivore interactions.

191 h of top-down effects, particularly in plant-herbivore interactions.

192 as been a major goal of researchers of plant-herbivore interactions.

193 hat xenobiotic adaptation in this specialist herbivore is through up-regulation of multiple P450s tha

194 e adult Diabrotica speciosa, the belowground herbivore larval D. speciosa, and the subterranean ento-

195 were examples of the large, heavily armored herbivores later known as glyptodonts.

196 relationships among climate, vegetation, and herbivores lie at the heart of this question.

197 Large mammalian herbivores (LMH) strongly shape the composition and arch

198 from the variety of selection pressures from herbivores, long distance gene flow, genome properties,

199 Until recently in Earth history, very large herbivores (mammoths, ground sloths, diprotodons, and ma

200 4 and Alternaria sp. U10, and the specialist herbivore Manduca sexta At least 15 different O-AS struc

201 For herbivores, many questions remain regarding how plant de

202 f concept that introducing gut bacteria to a herbivore may provide a novel approach to pest managemen

203 of dietary generalism in pollinators than in herbivores may be an explanation for the differences in

204 ores' specific natural enemies, while insect herbivores may carry endosymbiotic microorganisms that d

205 Foraging intensity of large herbivores may exert an indirect top-down ecological for

206 selection by herbivores, we hypothesize that herbivores may not show coevolutionary adaptations, but

207 ers, potentially establishing direct and non-herbivore mediated interactions with plant species at th

208 The Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of sp

209 Spiny savannas with abundant mammal herbivores occur in drier climates and on nutrient-rich

210 Aphids are important herbivores of both wild and cultivated plants.

211 butterflies (Danaus plexippus) are familiar herbivores of milkweeds of the genus Asclepias, and most

212 s that function as indirect defenses against herbivores of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata; whet

213 Thus, the influences of insect herbivores on plant populations are likely minor.

214 y recognized, but the effects of aboveground herbivores on soil biota remain challenging to predict.

215 d composition within a community of wireworm herbivores on wheat plant productivity.

216 dict soil biological responses to vertebrate herbivores, one focused on an herbivore body size gradie

217 n places that are physically inaccessible to herbivores, or can persist where high predator activity

218 IAA is elicited by herbivore oral secretions and fatty acid conjugate elici

219 ants when elicitors, frequently found in the herbivores' oral secretions, are introduced into wounds

220 and no relationship between paleoaridity and herbivore paleodiet structure among fossil collections m

221 3,000 year record of reef accretion rate and herbivore (parrotfish and urchin) abundance from the ana

222 In mutualistic pollinators and antagonistic herbivores, past experience (learning) affects such deci

223 ucts are involved in stress response against herbivores, pathogens, and abiotic stress.

224 By contrast, relationships between herbivore performance and plant defence levels were typi

225 e the relative influence of these factors on herbivore performance in this system.

226 e to mature forest, we conclude that reduced herbivore performance in young secondary forest could ha

227 of within-population plant trait variance on herbivore performance using 457 performance datasets fro

228 nutritive traits substantially reduces mean herbivore performance via non-linear averaging of perfor

229 with variance in plant defence not affecting herbivore performance via non-linear averaging.

230 s in which the effects of plant chemistry on herbivore performance were reported.

231 neficial effects of secondary metabolites on herbivore performance, especially generalists.

232 The consequences of plant trait variance for herbivore performance, however, have been largely overlo

233 osystem service providers without augmenting herbivore (pest) populations.

234 posed consecutively to O3 and the specialist herbivore Pieris brassicae Transcriptomics and metabolom

235 The importance of herbivore-plant and soil biota-plant interactions in ter

236 ractions highly distinct from those of other herbivore-plant interactions.

237 n the study of macroevolutionary patterns of herbivore-plant interactions.

238 ulation affects ecological interactions with herbivores, pollinators, neighboring plants, and microbe

239 that plants contribute to the suppression of herbivore populations through variable nutrient levels,

240 In arid ecosystems, herbivore presence tended to reduce microbial biomass an

241 Long-term selective herbivore pressure and exaptation of traits for tree lon

242 In addition to climate warming, greater herbivore pressure is anticipated to enhance the emissio

243 ns in microclimatic stress in both years and herbivore protection in the wet year only.

244 How FACs-producing generalist and specialist herbivores regulate their FACs-hydrolyzing enzyme L-ACY-

245 xtinctions were natural experiments in large-herbivore removal; the paleoecological record shows evid

246 erating independently from transgenerational herbivore resistance priming.

247 odes in the defense signaling network during herbivore response.

248 ween rice (Oryza sativa) plants and its root herbivore rice water weevil (RWW; Lissorhoptrus oryzophi

249 and grazing activity, hence diminishing this herbivore's ability to control the spread of reef-algae.

250 rial communities and consequently affect the herbivore's ability to manipulate JA-mediated plant defe

251 ions, but instead "chase" hosts based on the herbivore's own traits at the time that they encounter a

252 , multi-functionality of defence traits, and herbivore selection pressure.

253 However, unlike carnivores, omnivores and herbivores showed fewer shared adaptive signatures, indi

254 We show that, unlike other mammalian herbivores, sloth gut communities are dominated by the b

255 can explain the likelihood of persistence of herbivore species in the observed communities.

256 We find that resident (early-arriving) herbivore species increase their likelihood of persisten

257 e nocturnal anti-predator behaviours of four herbivore species.

258 nds of volatile chemicals that attract their herbivores' specific natural enemies, while insect herbi

259 Herbivore specificity correlated with their response to

260 increased resistance against the generalist herbivore Spodoptera littoralis that was attenuated in J

261 Large mammalian terrestrial herbivores, such as elephants, have dramatic effects on

262 he importance of plant genetic diversity for herbivores suggest that plant trait variance may be equa

263 usly context-dependent, we demonstrated that herbivores suppress potentially invasive populations thr

264 mbiotic microorganisms that directly improve herbivore survival after natural enemy attack.

265 s several factors that govern how specialist herbivores switch host plants upon introduction.

266 enses by insect oral secretions in most host-herbivore systems.

267 sent on the worn surfaces of large mammalian herbivore teeth to capture their relationship to environ

268 says identified two key tropical/subtropical herbivores that consumed transplanted kelp within hours

269 This relationship is obligatory for herbivores that engage gut microorganisms for the conver

270 most degraded reefs, and was driven by small herbivores that made up >93% of the average herbivore bi

271 ima) by volatile emissions from a specialist herbivore, the goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis).

272 pattern are the morphologically specialized herbivores, the Hadrosauriformes and Ceratopsidae, which

273 ations of a group of diverse tropical insect herbivores, the rolled-leaf beetles, across both broad a

274 ngs highlight symbiosis as a strategy for an herbivore to metabolize one of nature's most complex pol

275 indings demonstrate that the contribution of herbivores to coral reef resilience, via resistance to i

276 olatile signatures are often used as cues by herbivores to locate their preferred hosts.

277 consumptive (fear) effects that flow through herbivores to shape the distribution of seaweed on a cor

278 might be more evolutionarily labile than the herbivore traits related to host association.

279 ant volatiles that attract conspecific adult herbivores under natural conditions, challenging the exp

280 hibit a second pollination and may keep away herbivores until seed maturation.

281 The cumulative effects of climate warming on herbivore vital rates and population dynamics are hard t

282 The growth of various chewing herbivores was not significantly affected by the absence

283 ges might also influence the impact of large herbivores, we conducted a similar analysis using a glob

284 lthough plants may evolve under selection by herbivores, we hypothesize that herbivores may not show

285 terns in belowground responses to vertebrate herbivores, we performed a meta-analysis of studies that

286 Notably, chewing, sucking and gall-making herbivores were more affected by top-down than bottom-up

287 abiotic stresses and defenses against insect herbivores when they occur simultaneously.

288 naturally colonising the rumen and cecum of herbivores where it utilizes an enigmatic mechanism to d

289 r instance Oribatida responded negatively to herbivores, whereas Collembola did not.

290 munication occurs in response to sap-feeding herbivores, whether communication is specific to herbivo

291 nfluence on the abundance of some calcifying herbivores, which can overwhelm any direct negative effe

292 pes was associated with resistance to insect herbivores, which indirectly affected interactions betwe

293 tterns of host use by a generalist, invasive herbivore, while accounting for variation in plant avail

294 negatively affect generalist and specialist herbivores, while unapparent plants invest more in quali

295 s imply that losses and gains of aboveground herbivores will interact with climate and land use chang

296 ceros (Ceratotherium simum), a large African herbivore with lips specialized for grazing in open sava

297 alli), a poorly dispersing alpine specialist herbivore with substantial biotic inertia due to dispers

298 t, but mountain gorillas are non-territorial herbivores with low feeding competition.

299 effects differently for different species of herbivores, with predation risk more strongly suppressin

300 ctable "hot spots" of fear on the reef where herbivores withhold feeding and seaweeds gain a spatial