ライフサイエンスコーパス: herd

1 es with one or more all-male units to form a herd.

2 ,3-galactosyltransferase gene knockout swine herd.

3 -dominant manner in approximately 95% of the herd.

4 with an age structure representative of the herd.

5 o eliminate the endemic MAP infection from a herd.

6 flock, bees swarm, fish shoal, and ungulates herd.

7 than once and from multiple cows within the herd.

8 PTEs were identified in 63% of the herds.

9 artery pressure >50 mm Hg in two independent herds.

10 urden of infection within Officially TB Free herds.

11 ocks, fish shoals, insect swarms, and mammal herds.

12 cases and 559 age-matched controls from case herds.

13 large numbers of false positive animals from herds.

14 g the presence of T1 in the earliest Spanish herds.

15 tegies to control or eliminate MRSA in swine herds.

16 nance of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle herds.

17 ting that infection may be persisting within herds.

18 causative agent of bovine mastitis in dairy herds.

19 time that supershedders were present in the herds.

20 samples were collected from cows on 15 dairy herds.

21 al mastitis cases and occurred in 63% of the herds.

22 uberis clinical mastitis cases in 33% of the herds.

23 d clinical detection and removal of infected herds.

24 he most important route of infection in many herds.

25 ome was detected in 21 (2.3%) samples from 9 herds (2%), while virus was successfully isolated from 3

26 rom animals sharing the same strain, whereas herds A and B showed several different strains infecting

27 asian steppe and that the spread of domestic herds across Eurasia involved extensive introgression fr

28 Surveillance of swine herds across Europe between 2009 and 2013 revealed that

29 diagnostic investigation conducted in swine herds affected by vesicular disease and increased neonat

30 Therefore, unbiased estimation of herd age-ratios will require a sampling design that allo

31 ound widely across the region depicts cattle herding among early Saharan pastoral groups, and include

32 xvirus was detected in cows in the patients' herd and in captured rodents and shrews.

33 t occurred in different cows within the same herd and were attributed to a common ST were classified

34 tricably linked plant cultivation and animal herding and contributed to the remarkable resilience of

35 test, which is used to determine if animals, herds and countries are officially bTB-free.

36 hylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) strains in swine herds and production facilities have not been investigat

37 setse fly constrained production of domestic herds and resulted in subsistence diversification.

38 tential to allow earlier culling of infected herds and thereby reduce transmission and aid the contro

39 chyspira species originating from U.S. swine herds and to investigate their associations with the bac

40 2 viruses that are circulating in U.S. swine herds and warrant future surveillance.

41 were collected from affected and unaffected herds and were screened for the presence of SVA by real-

42 losis (BTB) are carried out on the UK cattle herd, and each positive herd test triggers more testing,

43 used to estimate abundance of other social, herding, and grouping species.

44 y tying their origins to the initial Spanish herds, and/or from subsequent movements of taurine cattl

45 vated area) and social factors (age, size of herd at capture) were all important in explaining variat

46 ins died, and a similar number was refloated/herded back to sea.

47 However, such herd behavior can also be pathologically misleading by c

48 inconsistency, other-regarding preferences, herd behavior, and framing of decisions, present signifi

49 dynamics, however, often leads to a harmful herding behavior accompanied by strong fluctuations in w

50 been put into studying contagion effects and herding behaviour in financial markets.

51 allocation dynamics can lead to undesirable herding behaviours in which a small group of reputable w

52 ciated with decreased odds of a calf in that herd being a BNP case (OR 0.97, p = 0.011).

53 ow shedders, MAP infection persisted in many herds beyond 20 years.

54 n a ring around it prevented about 40 cattle herd breakdowns by partly mitigating the negative effect

55 rst large-scale risk factor analyses for new herd breakdowns to combine data on both species.

56 P provides a systematic approach to mitigate herding by helping workers make joint decisions on task

57 on patterns; there was a clonal infection in herd C, with 89% of isolates from animals sharing the sa

58 early evidence for an economy based on goat herding, ca. 10,000 BP.

59 ttle, such a vaccination, can be targeted at herds carrying strains of high zoonotic potential.

60 Herd (community) immunity has also been noted after rout

61 Existing herding control mechanisms designed for typical crowdsou

62 simulates how centuries of seasonal nomadic herding could shape discrete routes of connectivity acro

63 with only intensive strategies such as whole-herd culling or additional national testing proving high

64 Herd density at coastal haulouts averaged 0.88 walruses/

65 Within the herds, dependent walruses (0-2 yr-olds) tended to be loc

66 not successfully domesticated by humans, and herded, domestic horse (E. f. caballus) living in adjace

67 order to bridge this gap, we investigate the herding dynamics in HCNs and propose a Lyapunov optimiza

68 assess the population-level consequences and herd effects after female HPV vaccination programmes, to

69 generally concordant and suggest that strong herd effects are expected from vaccinating girls only, e

70 children up to 2 years of age, implying that herd effects for NTHi are not to be expected.

71 al modelling predicts substantial beneficial herd effects for the entire population as a result of re

72 Some herd effects in LR youth were observed, specifically on

73 Herd effects might render a year-round infant vaccinatio

74 icularly novel are the findings of some mild herd effects that result from this selective prevention

75 in transmission and the indirect benefits ('herd effects') of interventions.

76 iple cohorts produced markedly faster direct/herd effects, and it added benefits that last for 20-70

77 men, to examine the variability in predicted herd effects, incremental benefit of vaccinating boys, a

78 ctions of population-level effectiveness and herd effects.

79 ge (0.68 [95% CI 0.51-0.89]), which suggests herd effects.

80 e, with no indication of cross-protection or herd effects.

81 nclear whether such a programme would induce herd effects.

82 that market-based incentive systems produce herding effects, reduce information available to the gro

83 g successful with non-lethal options such as herding, fencing, and stalling at night but more details

84 sites with the geography of these optimized herding flows, and find a significant correspondence in

85 mpling walruses available at the edge of the herd for other purposes (e.g., tagging, biopsying) will

86 gical survey for U.S. Midwest domestic swine herds from 2010 to 2012.

87 The longer that a cattle herd had been established on the farm was also associate

88 andemic H1N1 virus [A(H1N1)pdm09] into swine herds has resulted in novel reassortant influenza viruse

89 of veterinary surgeons, producers and other herd health specialists.

90 The strategy was to herd horses into a pool containing electric eels, provok

91 wet seasons, suggesting that an individual's herd identity during the dry season does not predict wet

92 ued that it would not be possible to sustain herds if so many pocket Bibles were produced from fetal

93 Transmission has the benefit of increasing herd immunity above that achieved by direct vaccination

94 d in the wider population, presumably due to herd immunity against their seasonal H1 antigen.

95 kely allowed GII.4-2012 to escape from human herd immunity and emerge as the new predominant strain.

96 for at least partial escape from protective herd immunity and provide epidemiological support for th

97 vaccination campaigns to maintain long-term herd immunity and, hence, indirect protection of the unv

98 In time, we predict that herd immunity benefits will diffuse from the larger whit

99 ch the overall attack rates and the level of herd immunity cannot be accurately estimated.

100 etween the direct effects of vaccination and herd immunity could lead to unintuitive consequences for

101 e new host population that wreak havoc until herd immunity develops.

102 V-related cancer by ethnicity, partly due to herd immunity disproportionately benefiting subgroups wi

103 s, which we suggest resulted from changes in herd immunity due to an increase in vaccination coverage

104 lations is consistent with a vaccine-induced herd immunity effect.

105 unt for all vaccine type-related cancers and herd immunity effects from vaccinating girls and boys.

106 er studies will be needed to assess possible herd immunity effects with meningococcal serogroup B vac

107 Herd immunity for unvaccinated children may occur in sch

108 isolates that are potentially able to escape herd immunity from earlier isolates.

109 easonal influenza, compromise the buildup of herd immunity from natural infection or deployment of cu

110 bstantially reduce the residual burden until herd immunity from pediatric PCV13 is fully established.

111 Both PPV23 and herd immunity from pediatric PCV7 were associated with r

112 emphatic in support of measurable impact of herd immunity given the uncertainty associated with pert

113 among other possible factors, GII.4-specific herd immunity had little role in the emergence of the ne

114 ts consistently point to profound direct and herd immunity impacts of the rotavirus vaccine program i

115 asymptomatic infection contributes little to herd immunity in Ebola, and even if infectious, would ac

116 2 IAVs, suggesting that there may be minimal herd immunity in humans.

117 uently boosted by reexposure, so maintaining herd immunity in the face of potentially eroding individ

118 e the observed epidemic cycles suggests that herd immunity is driving the epidemic dynamics caused by

119 with a mature PCV programme and established herd immunity is likely to maintain population control o

120 ssusception and do not account for potential herd immunity or non-fatal outcomes.

121 l examined pointing to a substantial rise in herd immunity over the past 30 y.

122 ndings by documenting signatures of changing herd immunity over the study period.

123 mple by broadening the effective duration of herd immunity that can be achieved with currently used i

124 ffs depend nonlinearly on whether or not the herd immunity threshold is reached.

125 In this paper, taking into consideration the herd immunity threshold, we present an evolutionary N-pe

126 For example, herd immunity to multiple pathogens has been observed at

127 f a new primary strain every 2 to 4 years as herd immunity to the previously circulating strain is ov

128 ay suggest that a sufficiently high level of herd immunity was reached during the first wave.

129 infants also benefited from household-level herd immunity when antenatal vaccination for every pregn

130 roportion of the population becomes immune, "herd immunity" emerges.

131 Population-scale immunity is often termed 'herd immunity'.

132 eveloped by a Delphi expert panel; indirect (herd immunity) effects resulting from childhood PCV13 va

133 juvenile fish through recruitment may reduce herd immunity, allow VHSV to persist, and drive superann

134 n maintains GII.4 persistence in the face of herd immunity, as the emergence of new pandemic strains

135 t allows the virus to escape from protective herd immunity, resulting in new epidemic strains.

136 However, part of the effect was caused by herd immunity, since vaccinated infants were more likely

137 take into account the protective effects of herd immunity, we developed a new approach that combines

138 ecticide resistance, which, with the loss of herd immunity, will increase the magnitude of future den

139 ly lowering transmission rates and improving herd immunity--significantly moderate both influenza pan

140 associated disease, and provided evidence of herd immunity.

141 ory loss, vaccination protects polymicrobial herd immunity.

142 of cost-effectiveness, both with and without herd immunity.

143 llow escape from antibody neutralization and herd immunity.

144 be rescued by management approaches based on herd immunity.

145 ly limited in their ability to raise lasting herd immunity.

146 eral population because of high coverage and herd immunity.

147 mission into a human population with limited herd immunity.

148 s of vaccination coverage required to attain herd immunity.

149 epitopes, and likely evolves in response to herd immunity.

150 ation levels that are sufficient to maintain herd immunity.

151 lution of insecticide resistance and loss of herd immunity.

152 ulation immunity (90%-92%) needed to achieve herd immunity.

153 ion and for the protection of others through herd immunity.

154 g antigenic variation, likely in response to herd immunity.

155 persistence in the face of human population herd immunity.

156 can hardly be achieved due to the effects of herd immunity.

157 previous virus exposure, and monitoring sow herd immunity.

158 ecause of the decreasing marginal returns of herd immunity.

159 ly mechanisms contributing to the evasion of herd immunity.

160 to result in a population level signature of herd immunity; we detail this and also discuss other pop

161 The balance between the loss of herd-immunity and viral re-importation will dictate futu

162 decline in 2016 and fade-out in 2017 due to herd-immunity.

163 evalence in males to assess whether or not a herd impact of female vaccination could be observed.

164 H1N1 (pH1N1) influenza viruses in U.S. swine herds in 2014.

165 ere we show in a study involving 3,026 dairy herds in England and Wales that there is a significant n

166 of 1384 caribou (Rangifer tarandus) from 10 herds in Newfoundland, spanning more than 30 years durin

167 Analysis of data from prion-infected deer herds in northern Colorado, USA, revealed that a 1% incr

168 us (RVA) strains was conducted in five swine herds in Ohio using historical (2004) and recent (2011 t

169 st-partum climatic influences on survival on herds in population increase and decline phases.

170 Outbreaks of bloody diarrhea in swine herds in the late 2000s signaled the reemergence of an e

171 ned from a longitudinal study of three dairy herds in the northeastern United States.

172 tive agent of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle herds in the United Kingdom is increasing, resulting in

173 ris potentially occurring in the majority of herds in the United Kingdom, and may be the most importa

174 re used to screen 237 samples collected from herds in which anaplasmosis was endemic.

175 s is associated with increases in the cattle herd incidence of bTB.

176 ce bTB in badgers, and thereby reduce cattle herd incidence.

177 g disease control measures, where 144 cattle herd incidents might be expected over 10 years, badger c

178 10 years, badger culling prevented 26 cattle herd incidents while vaccination prevented 16.

179 first recorded occurrence of that ST in that herd (index case) and all persistent infections with tha

180 e reviewed systematically the literature on "herd"/indirect protection from vaccinating children aged

181 Furthermore, swine herds infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory

182 amine the neural and behavioral responses of herd instincts in situations stripped of the incentive t

183 because EHEC is largely prevalent in cattle herds, interference with SdiA-mediated cattle colonizati

184 ve control methods to suppress and eliminate herding is an important but open problem.

185 ion for the high prevalence of MRSA in swine herds is the ability of these organisms to exist as biof

186 cially-oriented music annotation game called Herd It collects reliable music annotations based on the

187 ent disease transmission into commercial pig herds, it is therefore vital to have knowledge about the

188 inely measured or selected for in commercial herds, it would be beneficial to be able to use genomic

189 ivity, that is the greatest barrier to see a herd level benefit of vaccination.

190 haracteristics necessary to see a protective herd level benefit of vaccination.

191 estimate the diagnostic parameters and true herd-level prevalence from surveillance data.

192 The herd-level prevalence of coagulase-positive S. agnetis r

193 ang samples, and saliva and nasal swabs, and herd-level samples, such as air samples, were taken dail

194 Hence, improved herd-level testing is unlikely to reduce recurrence unle

195 at reach puberty earlier tend to stay in the herd longer and be more productive.

196 of the PTEs attributed to S. uberis in dairy herds may be caused by the nine most prevalent strains.

197 The base dairy herd model included the daily life events of a dairy cow

198 We study such a conventional within-herd model of bTB and an alternative model, motivated by

199 productive ratio for our conventional within-herd model, estimated for scenarios with no statutory co

200 Previous within-herd models of bTB have relied on ad-hoc methods of para

201 simulations demonstrate that RTS-P mitigates herding more effectively than state-of-the-art approache

202 esults of this study suggest that in a dairy herd, more of the low-shedding cows are truly infected w

203 , increases from 1.5 (0.26-4.9; 95% CI) in a herd of 30 cattle up to 4.9 (0.99-14.0) in a herd of 400

204 evalent in lowland cattle, in which 41% of a herd of 32 are carriers, but the variant may only have a

205 herd of 30 cattle up to 4.9 (0.99-14.0) in a herd of 400.

206 alf (odds ratio (OR) 40.78, p<0.001) and its herd of origin being located in Scotland (OR 9.71, p = 0

207 to the Americas in the late 1400s, semiferal herds of cattle underwent between 80 and 200 generations

208 pe, the Americas, and Australia, while large herds of gregarious species were found to be the likely

209 m that MRSA, including LA-MRSA, is common in herds of swine in Ohio and hereby shown to persist in th

210 e early detection and culling of an infected herd on the infectious output.

211 ay be evidence of a transient age-segregated herd or 'flock', but the behaviour responsible for this

212 g such range contractions include schooling, herding, or flocking behaviors-which, ironically, can be

213 ) revealed that baboons are at risk of being herded out of urban spaces that contain high-energy anth

214 itis cases in a study of 52 commercial dairy herds over a 12-month period.

215 different nature and scale -including sheep herds, pedestrian crowds, assemblies of grains, and coll

216 The number of cattle herds placed under movement restrictions in Great Britai

217 Herd prevalence of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MS

218 In this study, herd prevalence of S. aureus, including MRSA, was estima

219 tochastic model predicted fadeout and within-herd prevalence to have a large variance.

220 eptible S. aureus (MSSA) was 84%, while MRSA herd prevalence was 4%.

221 ent among domestic pigs, especially in swine herds previously infected with PRRSV, an immunosuppressi

222 reviewer decisions, which serves to curb the herding process, can be beneficial for the scientific co

223 rce landscape shaped herbivore distribution, herding propensity and the incidence of 'relaxed' behavi

224 viduals, with the potential to contribute to herd protection against a subset of strains.

225 There is also evidence of herd protection against the vaccine-specific and cross-p

226 idual high-risk HPV types strongly influence herd protection and determine the level of coverage and

227 onstrating the vaccine's ability to generate herd protection and prevent group A epidemics.

228 Herd protection and serotype replacement disease followi

229 valent vaccine (PCV7), but its potential for herd protection and serotype replacement is uncertain.

230 pillomavirus (HPV) vaccine effectiveness and herd protection are not well established in community se

231 hat unvaccinated men may have benefited from herd protection as much as women from a female-only HPV

232 Significant herd protection attributed to LAIV was detected for all

233 ct individuals directly, but can also confer herd protection by interrupting carriage transmission.

234 Herd protection by meningococcal vaccines is conferred b

235 unvaccinated population can be explained by herd protection by reduced colonization of meningococci

236 Both direct vaccine efficacy and indirect herd protection contribute to vaccination effectiveness.

237 s changes in HPV prevalence and characterize herd protection in a community.

238 aged 1-4 and 5-14 years, suggesting possible herd protection in older age groups.

239 ococcal carriage and are unlikely to provide herd protection in the context of an outbreak response.

240 direct protection in vaccinated persons and herd protection in unvaccinated persons is uncertain.

241 The herd protection induced by PCV7 is continuing, and simil

242 The duration of such herd protection is unknown.

243 Our findings provide further evidence that herd protection results from reduced carriage of virulen

244 vs 4.0) and hence vaccine effectiveness and herd protection stronger for HPV45 than for HPV16.

245 They also benefit less from herd protection than heterosexual males in settings with

246 Herd protection was responsible for >36% of MCC vaccine

247 hospital burden (directly and indirectly by herd protection) and also showed a reversal of the PCV7

248 by disrupting nasopharyngeal carriage (e.g., herd protection).

249 the largest difference was at 40% coverage (herd protection, 54% vs 28% for HPV16 and HPV45, respect

250 pneumonia in children and adults, indicating herd protection, although the reduction was only signifi

251 PV16, respectively, mainly owing to stronger herd protection, ie, 37% vs 16%).

252 in unvaccinated women, providing evidence of herd protection.

253 as paid to geographic contiguity to maximize herd protection.

254 ding GUM clinics will partially benefit from herd protection.

255 evalence among unvaccinated females suggests herd protection.

256 n and untreated adults, suggesting a form of herd protection.

257 bp and MenB-4C on meningococcal carriage and herd protection.

258 -protection for the recipients and indirect (herd) protection for the community.

259 s have benefited from PCV7 through indirect (herd) protection.

260 o help communities and policy makers improve herd quality and health, expand biodiversity payment sch

261 The latter was expressed as the between-herd reproduction ratio, Rh , where an effective surveil

262 berculosis, has been increasing in UK cattle herds resulting in substantial economic losses.

263 with bTB) were more strongly associated with herd risk than area-level measures of badger social grou

264 Herds seasonally aggregate and exchange members, thus fa

265 ii," have reoccurred in North American swine herds since the late 2000s.

266 raged 0.88 walruses/m(2) (std. err. = 0.02), herd size ranged from 8,300 to 19,400 (CV 0.03-0.06) and

267 btained also showed that the distribution of herd size within the backyard and small-scale sectors in

268 scussed the effects of other factors such as herd size, heifer replacement, and adult cow infection o

269 ng spatial adult female survival models with herd-specific estimates of recruitment in matrix populat

270 Results indicated herd-specific infection patterns; there was a clonal inf

271 this tendency became more pronounced as the herd spent more time on the beach.

272 attle bones makes it impossible to ascertain herd structures via kill-off patterns, thereby precludin

273 This phenomenon, known as herding, subjects the scientific community to an inheren

274 urrently occupied by large or dense Rangifer herds such as the Nenets-occupied regions in Russia (27%

275 dy kinematics in the context of complex prey-herding techniques.

276 out on the UK cattle herd, and each positive herd test triggers more testing, the question arises whe

277 longitudinal field study in a swine breeding herd that presented with an outbreak of vesicular diseas

278 Around 38% of herds that clear movement restrictions experience a recu

279 llion bison weights distributed across 22 US herds that span a large range of climates.

280 screening test is applied to the average UK herd, the estimated proportion of test-associated false

281 ve been confirmed in screening-test positive herds, the following rounds of intensive testing with mo

282 to a mathematical model for FMD, in a cattle herd, to evaluate the impact of the early detection and

283 We use within-herd transmission models estimated from historical data

284 Computation (ABC) to parameterize two within-herd transmission models within a rigorous inferential f

285 has a peracute onset and is associated with herds vaccinated for PCV2.

286 nerally cannot be maintained without between-herd vector transmission.

287 rthern Ireland (>10,000 km(2); 29,513 cattle herds), we investigated interactions between host popula

288 cal properties of raw milk from a commercial herd were studied over a 1 year period in order to under

289 rs throughout the world when large migratory herds were more common features of the landscape.

290 art of the Eurasian steppe and that domestic herds were repeatedly restocked with local wild horses a

291 surveillance studies of private or protected herds, where depopulation is contraindicated.

292 or prevalence studies of large or protected herds, where depopulation may be contraindicated.

293 outbreaks occur in backyard and small-scale herds, where poor farmers often attempt to limit the dis

294 to increase consumption, increase their goat herds (which bodes poorly for the argan forest), and sen

295 th 58 control calves randomly recruited from herds with no history of BNP.

296 paratuberculosis (MAP) infection on US dairy herds with test-based culling intervention, we developed

297 te was lambda = 1.11 (95% CI = 1.02-1.21) in herds without brucellosis and lambda = 1.00 (95% CI = 0.

298 erent levels of impulsivity: Border Collies (herding work) and Labrador Retrievers (gun work).

299 lling of low shedders, MAP infection in many herds would be extinct within 20 years.

300 Based upon exon 2 sequences, this BHS herd yielded higher Ovca-DRB allelic diversity than that