ライフサイエンスコーパス: hind

1 the homolateral LPN connections ensure fore-hind alternation in all gaits.

2 nation at high speeds without affecting fore-hind alternation.

3 ole they play in advancing theory, improving hind and forecasting, and enabling problem solving and m

4 However, the phasing between hind and forelimbs shows considerable variation.

5 Significant hind-ankle swelling (>/=0.3 mm) occurred in DR4-IE-trans

6 ebrates has been knowledge of the pelvis and hind appendage of their closest fish relatives.

7 -25 did not activate c-fos expression in the hind brain or paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamu

8 ery striking pattern in the rhombencephalon (hind brain).

9 enting a different depositional environment: Hinds Cave (~8000 years B.P.) in the southern United Sta

10 The data from the Hinds Cave samples largely represented unknown sources.

11 transplants gained significantly better fore-hind coordination than those dogs receiving cell transpo

12 15-min occlusion/15-min release of the left-hind femoral artery.

13 subcutaneously with A431 tumor cells on both hind flanks.

14 x amputation of the third digit of the right hind foot and either treated with chemotactic ECM degrad

15 n and peripheral nociceptor sensitization in hind foot hairy skin, but not glabrous skin, rapidly act

16 nosaurs, eventually resulting in the reduced hind foot of these sauropods.

17 ipsilateral (left) and contralateral (right) hind foot pads were measured with laser Doppler flow per

18 Cutaneous blood flows from left and right hind foot pads were recorded with laser Doppler flow per

19 sulted in inflammation and swelling of hairy hind foot skin in rats, a transient thermal hyperalgesia

20 on of Ad-tPA-Her, and histologic analysis of hind foot specimens was performed.

21 r by injection of viable M. leprae into each hind footpad.

22 sceptible C3H/HeJ mice by inoculation in the hind footpads with Borrelia burgdorferi.

23 by modeling and explaining the influence of hind-fore limb phasing on mechanical work requirements.

24 While the unusual hind-fore phasing of primates does not match global work

25 ngle molecule sizing was performed on lambda Hind III digest DNA to obtain a size calibration curve.

26 erify our method by using restriction enzyme Hind III to cleave the fluorescent dsDNA.

27 citatory and inhibitory commissural and fore-hind inhibitory interactions within the cord.

28 nt commissural interneurons (CINs), (2) fore-hind interactions on each side of the spinal cord and (3

29 umping was generated by slow contractions of hind leg depressor muscles and then stored by bending sp

30 vels, muscle interstitial oxygen saturation, hind leg glucose extraction, and muscle insulin clearanc

31 In addition, hind leg kick force, produced by stimulating the extenso

32 ogical and life history traits: body weight, hind leg length, parasite burden, horn length, horn grow

33 njection of 0.75% bupivacaine into the right hind leg prior to CIP was used for peripheral nerve bloc

34 If one hind leg was cocked then the spikes only occurred in mot

35 with Poly:ICLC plus OVA protein in the neck, hind leg, or foreleg for drainage into the cervical, ing

36 ergy and its quick release to accelerate the hind legs rapidly.

37 raptorial front legs, and the two propulsive hind legs to produce a controlled jump with a precise la

38 Dytiscus marginalis simultaneously uses its hind legs to propel itself through the water.

39 ther than the middle legs, and also that the hind legs were able to generate a larger angular velocit

40 Second, we concluded that the hind legs were able to propel the beetle farther than th

41 First, both hind legs were moved into a cocked position by high-freq

42 ssive mouse mutation, exhibits ataxia of the hind legs with a slight side-to-side wobble while walkin

43 ously, orienting behavior (rearing up on the hind legs) habituated across trials in normo-active cont

44 e's center of mass, pollen is carried on the hind legs, farther from the center of mass.

45 uropil regions of the ipsilateral middle and hind legs.

46 ere injected into the vastus medialis of one hind limb (INJ); the contralateral limb (NINJ) served as

47 Lymphedema was induced in the right hind limb after a single fraction of 20 Gy radiation, po

48 s demonstrate improved perfusion in ischemic hind limb after mobilization of bone marrow progenitor c

49 injury are primarily isolated to the injured hind limb and do not result in a bilateral alteration in

50 s therapeutically effective both in ischemic hind limb and wound-healing models, significantly improv

51 nitrite therapy completely restored ischemic hind limb blood flow compared with nitrate or PBS therap

52 holine uptake in the tumor and muscle and on hind limb blood flow.

53 lumbar and sacral vertebrae, under-developed hind limb bones and a kinky, shortened tail.

54 ve neurologic phenotype including hunchback, hind limb clasp, reduced survival and brain and cortical

55 ge of phenotypes including ataxia, front and hind limb clasping, reduced brain size, and smaller neur

56 They also exhibited reduced body weight and hind limb clasping.

57 collagen content and fibrosis, and decreased hind limb contractures.

58 vessels of a reduced size osteomyocutaneous hind limb CTA were anastomosed to recipient common carot

59 Both doses alleviated hind limb digital sensory, but not sciatic motor, nerve

60 Comparing hind limb element length, midshaft width, and robusticit

61 we analysed how the dimensions of the major hind limb elements in subfossil and modern species scale

62 a keen predatory lifestyle, including robust hind limb elements modified for grip strength.

63 illary density, but the revascularization of hind limb following ischemic surgery was significantly i

64 This effect translates into reductions in hind limb functional impairment.

65 rivals by performing both vocalizations and hind limb gestural signals, called "foot flags." Foot fl

66 on, and fibrosis, and significantly improved hind limb grip strength in mdx mice.

67 rea, endomysial collagen III deposition, and hind limb grip strength.

68 At 6 and 12 wk postsurgery, the hind limb had significantly less bone mineral density th

69 Animals were divided to have one hind limb immobilized (n = 129) or sham-immobilized (n =

70 In the present study, we show that hind limb intramuscular (IM) injection of alphaS can ind

71 jury; and increased metabolic activity after hind limb IR injury in a murine model of type-II diabete

72 ion have deficient angiogenesis in models of hind limb ischaemia and tumour-implant growth.

73 (WT) and TNFR2/p75 knockout (p75KO) mice to hind limb ischemia (HLI) surgery.

74 We used a murine model of hind limb ischemia (HLI), coupled with laser Doppler per

75 ce exhibited reduced revascularization after hind limb ischemia and tumor angiogenesis in oncogene-in

76 db/db mice underwent 1.5 hours of hind limb ischemia followed by 1, 7, or 24 hours of repe

77 Hind limb ischemia led to an increase in MEK1 and JNK1 a

78 Hind limb ischemia model and aortic capillary sprouting

79 nalysis, enzyme and receptor inhibitors, and hind limb ischemia model in caspase-1 knock-out (KO) mic

80 , cells were directly implanted into a mouse hind limb ischemia model to test angiogenic-vasculogenic

81 w of this divergent receptor function in the hind limb ischemia model, AdipoR1- and AdipoR2-deficient

82 In a hind limb ischemia model, CD31(+) cell transplantation a

83 In a hind limb ischemia model, leukocyte accumulation in MK(-

84 ngiogenesis in nonretinal models such as the hind limb ischemia model.

85 ypothesis that PARP inhibition will modulate hind limb ischemia reperfusion (IR) in a mouse model of

86 After hind limb ischemia surgery Glrx TG mice demonstrated imp

87 Immediately after hind limb ischemia surgery, the db/+ and db/db mice were

88 By applying unilateral hind limb ischemia to transgenic and wild-type mice, we

89 Unilateral hind limb ischemia was conducted in 12- to 14-week-old d

90 Mice with hind limb ischemia were divided into 6 groups: db/+, db/

91 c tissue VEGF-A levels, and flow recovery to hind limb ischemia were impaired in myeloid-specific Myh

92 n-deficient mice were analyzed in a model of hind limb ischemia where blood flow is surgically disrup

93 arly after myocardial ischemia but not after hind limb ischemia, indicative of an important role for

94 T imaging NPR-C receptor in a mouse model of hind limb ischemia-induced angiogenesis.

95 ndothelial cells (ECs) from ROS imbalance in hind limb ischemia-subjected ob/ob mice.

96 ted neovascularization in an animal model of hind limb ischemia.

97 in immunodeficient mouse hosts with induced hind limb ischemia.

98 demonstrate enhanced revascularization after hind limb ischemia.

99 in vivo revascularization in the setting of hind limb ischemia.

100 resulting in attenuated revascularization in hind limb ischemia.

101 one, or vehicle alone were injected into the hind limb ischemic muscle one day after ligation of femo

102 ipoR1- and AdipoR2-deficient mice to chronic hind limb ischemic surgery.

103 mproves angiogenesis and blood flow in mouse hind limb ischemic tissues.

104 tail autotomy, characterized by more flexed hind limb joints.

105 ollateral flow restoration in a model of rat hind limb ligation.

106 no Shh activity in the fore limb, and in the hind limb low levels of Shh lead to a variant digit patt

107 emonstrate lymphatic isolation in a model of hind limb lymph node (LN) excision, consisting of ipsila

108 Hind limb maximum applied force was determined using a v

109 ation, and long-term OVL are detrimental for hind limb mdx mouse muscle, a murine model of Duchene mu

110 ectin-mediated vascular responses in a mouse hind limb model of vascular insufficiency.

111 To assess variation in hind limb morphology, we analysed how the dimensions of

112 sion in M83 alphaS transgenic mice following hind limb muscle (intramuscular [i.m.]) injection of alp

113 ermanent female gravidity and increased male hind limb muscle mass.

114 utively active form of HIF-1alpha into mouse hind limb muscle was sufficient to increase plasma IL-10

115 rus serotype 6 (AAV6) expressing siPTEN into hind limb muscles at postnatal day 1 in SMNDelta7 mice l

116 we measured electromyogram (EMG) activity in hind limb muscles of SOD1G93A mice.

117 HX), implantation of EMG wires into selected hind limb muscles, and/or injections of tracer dyes into

118 o unstressed diaphragm is higher compared to hind limb muscles, which is probably attributable to con

119 erent shRNAs were injected one time into the hind limb muscles.

120 on, in contrast to what has been reported in hind limb muscles.

121 type, in which androgen receptor (AR) in the hind limb musculature is expressed at levels approximate

122 increased androgenic sensitivity within the hind limb musculature.

123 e Committee were used to examine ex vivo the hind limb of a rat and the toe of a pig.

124 d soft-tissue trauma was applied on the left hind limb of pentobarbital-anesthetized rats.

125 l imaging are achieved at 1-3 mm deep in the hind limb owing to the beneficial NIR-II optical window

126 tional knockout mice suffer from progressive hind limb paralysis and ataxia and die around 6 weeks af

127 of Foxo1 resulted in exocrine pancreatitis, hind limb paralysis, multiorgan lymphocyte infiltration,

128 se muscle and that are associated with fatal hind limb paralysis.

129 ival even after the mice developed bilateral hind limb paralysis.

130 intercepts with lower scaling exponents than hind limb parameters.

131 ated human endothelial cells, which enhanced hind limb perfusion (P<0.05 at day 7 and 14 after transp

132 hNF-L(E397K) mice, and consisted of aberrant hind limb posture, digit deformities, reduced voluntary

133 lateral and basolateral amygdala and in the hind limb primary somatosensory (S1HL) cortex.

134 ncluding spastic paresis, fore limb tremors, hind limb rigidity, and a reduced life span (60-65 days

135 Histologic analysis of hind limb sections revealed severe necrotizing myositis,

136 morphology (XROMM) to image and animate the hind limb skeleton of a chicken-like bird traversing a d

137 After hind limb skin incision, Adm messenger RNA expression wa

138 their axons causes neuropathy that leads to hind limb spasticity and premature death.

139 Myogenic Akt signaling or ischemic hind limb surgery led to the induction of Fstl1 in muscl

140 ipedal but retained ape-like features in the hind limb that would have limited their walking economy

141 clonal analysis of individual cells of mouse hind limb tissues devoid of nerve supply during regenera

142 presumed tissue stem/progenitor cells within hind limb tissues remain largely intact independent of n

143 The ORT hind limb transplant model seems to be best suited to st

144 s for orthotopic (ORT) and heterotopic (HET) hind limb transplantation.

145 Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery to mouse hind limb tumors was performed in vivo (n = 24) with ins

146 o neutral MBs in both cell culture and mouse hind limb tumors.

147 In Col1a1-caPPR transgenic (Tg) mice, hind limb unloading suppressed bone formation parameters

148 creased alcohol consumption impairs ischemic hind limb vascular repair.

149 o real-time epifluorescence imaging of mouse hind limb vasculatures in the second near-infrared regio

150 ilateral ACL transection (ACLT) of the right hind limb was performed in Lewis rats (n = 56).

151 hich a portion of the sciatic nerve from one hind limb was transected at postnatal day 8 to cause par

152 flow restoration in the previously ischemic hind limb, consistent with the development of angiogenes

153 density of microcirculation in the ischemic hind limb, suggesting the mechanism of efficacy of this

154 abbits underwent ACLT or sham surgery on one hind limb, while each contralateral limb was the nonoper

155 age of tetrapods and, indeed, a trend toward hind limb-based propulsion have antecedents in the fins

156 s research revealed that OPN is critical for hind limb-unloading induced lymphoid organ atrophy throu

157 virtually a complete absence of axons in the hind limb.

158 during development of angiogenesis in mouse hind limb.

159 onstriction in the collateral circuit of the hind limb.

160 completely interrupts lymphatic flow of the hind limb.

161 ibrils on the tissue level and ultimately in hind limb/segment paralysis.

162 response and promote functional recovery in hind-limb and cardiac ischemia in animal models; however

163 howed motor dysfunctions such as weakness of hind-limb and gait abnormality in an age-dependent manne

164 Rats were injected with bilateral hind-limb biosensors and were simultaneously subjected t

165 dium nitrite significantly restored ischemic hind-limb blood flow in a time-dependent manner, with lo

166 tionally, Kcne3(-/-) mice exhibited abnormal hind-limb clasping upon tail suspension (63% of Kcne3(-/

167 pid levels, and a neuromuscular abnormality (hind-limb clasping).

168 e have myotonia and suffer from intermittent hind-limb immobility attacks.

169 In vivo, hind-limb immobilization of Sprague-Dawley rats up-regul

170 ic mice but recovered to normal levels after hind-limb injection of bone marrow-derived EPCs.

171 Transection of the sciatic nerve prior to hind-limb inoculation diminished viral spread to the spi

172 ice survived at a higher frequency following hind-limb inoculation with sigma1s-null virus than when

173 ls were higher than WT in eNOS KO tissues in hind-limb ischemia and cutaneous wounds.

174 In contrast, hind-limb ischemia failed to induce Rac1 farnesylation a

175 Hind-limb ischemia induced Rac1 farnesylation and activa

176 When evaluated in a mouse hind-limb ischemia model, the nanofibers increased tissu

177 activity and tissue perfusion in the murine hind-limb ischemia model.

178 of vasculogenesis (subcutaneous matrigel) or hind-limb ischemia produced by arterial occlusion in wil

179 Hind-limb ischemia was produced in mice by iliac artery

180 In a mouse model of hind-limb ischemia, delivery of these matrices resulted

181 hown to significantly block tissue damage in hind-limb ischemia-reperfusion injury by up to 30% in co

182 s, following the surgical induction of mouse hind-limb ischemia.

183 al vessel growth and blood flow in models of hind-limb ischemia.

184 -) mice compared with WT mice in response to hind-limb ischemia.

185 1Met) segregates with tissue protection from hind-limb ischemia.

186 utation of the distal limb when subjected to hind-limb ischemia.

187 ly Met81 or Ile81, and subjected the mice to hind-limb ischemia.

188 (+) cells isolated from ischemic muscle in a hind-limb ischemic C57BL/6 mouse model play a role in ve

189 contractile force with repetitive stimuli of hind-limb muscle, both in vivo and in vitro, this was ab

190 ed motor neurons not only reinnervated lower hind-limb muscles but also enabled their function to be

191 ic contraction (EC)-induced injury of murine hind-limb muscles.

192 -like macrophages in the proximal and distal hind-limb muscles.

193 tor expressing follistatin (rAAV:Fst) to the hind-limb musculature of mice two weeks prior to denerva

194 nd Ca(2+) in dystrophic muscle fibers of the hind-limb musculature predicts a net Ca(2+) influx state

195 nsgene induced dystrophy-like disease in all hind-limb musculature, as well as exacerbated the muscle

196 ractivity, beginning at 16 days, followed by hind-limb paralysis and death.

197 aperitoneally to mice caused weight loss and hind-limb paralysis followed by death.

198 stnatal growth rate and delayed the onset of hind-limb paralysis.

199 neurological symptoms including tremors and hind-limb paralysis.

200 eletion of the Slc8a1 (NCX1) gene diminished hind-limb pathology in Sgcd(-/-) mice.

201 athic pain model, LC(:SC) activation reduced hind-limb sensitisation and induced conditioned place pr

202 At day 7, unilateral hind-limb surgery with excision of the left femoral arte

203 In ischemic hind-limb tissue, skeletal muscle blood flow and arterio

204 oxygenation challenges, including transient hind-limb tourniquet occlusion.

205 active hyperoxia occurs following release of hind-limb tourniquet occlusions.

206 Orthotopic hind-limb transplantations were performed in male Lewis

207 imaging, using two morphologically different hind-limb tumor models and drug-induced alterations in a

208 g, pennaceous feathers attached to the lower hind limbs (that is, 'hindwings').

209 es including a clasping abnormality of their hind limbs and a habituation deficit.

210 ear, the C-/- mice exhibited weakness of the hind limbs and progressive ataxia.

211 y show well-developed flight feathers on the hind limbs as well as the front limbs.

212 als distributed their weight equally between hind limbs compared to PBS-treated or untreated animals

213 enhanced diabetic BMC retention in ischemic hind limbs followed by improved blood perfusion, capilla

214 tocyte-specific Phd2 knockout also protected hind limbs from ischemia injury.

215 o U46619 was attenuated in isolated perfused hind limbs from mutant mice.

216 No modern vertebrate has hind limbs functioning as independent, fully developed w

217 Forelimbs and hind limbs in conditional knockout (CKO) mice were short

218 At day 5, hind limbs injected with ECFC + MPC showed greater blood

219 forelimb-dominated swimmers that used their hind limbs mainly for maneuverability and stability.

220 ar CD68(+) cell infiltration in the ischemic hind limbs of diabetic mice.

221 operation, showed exacerbated disease in the hind limbs of NCX1 TG mice, similar to treatment with th

222 umor model with VX2 tumors implanted on both hind limbs of rabbits and investigated the feasibility t

223 increased capillary density in the ischemic hind limbs of wild-type mice, and this was associated wi

224 BALB/c hind limbs were transplanted to BALB/c or C57BL6 recipie

225 Australopithecus evinced longer hind limbs, extended limb posture, and a stiff midfoot,

226 including our large linear bodies, elongated hind limbs, large energy-expensive brains, reduced sexua

227 uding truncated forelimbs and the absence of hind limbs, largely phenocopying existing knockouts in w

228 letion occurred earlier in forelimbs than in hind limbs, leading additionally to soft tissue syndacty

229 ular survival and arteriogenesis in ischemic hind limbs, leading to the accelerated recovery of hindl

230 instem, peripheral nerves from both fore and hind limbs, stifle synovium and perisynovial adipose tis

231 teolytic tumors throughout the vertebrae and hind limbs, using biodistribution studies and small-anim

232 165b inhibited revascularization of ischemic hind limbs, whereas treatment with an isoform-specific n

233 FSS-induced collateral vessel growth in rat hind limbs.

234 for nitrite-mediated reperfusion of ischemic hind limbs.

235 from a flaccid tail to complete paralysis of hind limbs.

236 persisted for 14 days in ECFC + MPC-injected hind limbs.

237 e pathology of control injured contralateral hind limbs.

238 e showed better ability to stand up on their hind limbs: a typical exploratory behavior seen in healt

239 preted differently by the fore limbs and the hind limbs; in the absence of the second domain there is

240 and (4) rats treated with formalin into the hind paw 30 min after subcutaneous morphine injection (m

241 sly, (2) rats treated with FORMALIN into the hind paw 30 min after subcutaneous normal saline injecti

242 ts develop hyperalgesia and allodynia in the hind paw after L5 spinal nerve ligation.

243 igation, but maintained in the contralateral hind paw at control levels.

244 n of TLQP-21-stimulated macrophages into rat hind paw caused mechanical hypersensitivity.

245 pain in which carrageenan injection into the hind paw causes hypersensitivity to heat stimuli, TNF-al

246 the lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, spleen, and hind paw containing the injection site were removed and

247 the effects of spinal adrenal transplants on hind paw edema and the anterograde transport of substanc

248 cell line) and using the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model on rats.

249 Hind paw edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and oste

250 Robust formalin-evoked edema, as well as hind paw flinching, was observed in striated muscle cont

251 Hind paw incision was used in separate groups of animals

252 The injection of carrageenin into the rat hind paw induced a decrease in the mechanical nociceptiv

253 We established a S. aureus hind paw infection in diabetic db/db and nondiabetic Lep

254 Nondiabetic +/+ mice resolved the S. aureus hind paw infection within 10 days, whereas db/db mice wi

255 ted an antinociceptive effect in rats with a hind paw inflammation, without exhibiting characteristic

256 Sensitivity was lost in the hind paw ipsilateral to spinal nerve ligation, but maint

257 e, reversible, dose-dependent attenuation of hind paw mechanical allodynia for up to 1h after adminis

258 orepaw steps were classified as exploratory, hind paw movement as locomotive.

259 ) was implanted subcutaneously on the dorsal hind paw of C57 mice while the tumor-free contralateral

260 sponse when injected subcutaneously into the hind paw of mice.

261 thermal hyperalgesia when injected into the hind paw of mice.

262 Arthritis was induced in the right hind paw of six rats; the left hind paw served as an int

263 that challenging the skin of the calf of the hind paw or the cheek of previously sensitized mice with

264 ntly reduced pain-related behavior following hind paw plantar formalin injection in rats.

265 Periorbital and hind paw sensory thresholds were measured to detect cuta

266 in the right hind paw of six rats; the left hind paw served as an internal control.

267 to IL-17 partially inhibited the significant hind paw swelling and histopathological changes observed

268 alysis, and immunohistochemistry; plasma and hind paw tissue levels of cytokines and chemokines (incl

269 Exposure of the hind paw to 1,500 J m(-2) UVB radiation caused an increa

270 itial development of neuropathic pain in the hind paw upon injury to the sciatic nerve, but the abnor

271 ts were injected subcutaneously in the right hind paw with (99m)Tc-SPIONs (25-50 MBq, approximately 0

272 bar (L5)-DRG induced hyperalgesia in the rat hind paw with a profile similar to that of intraplantar

273 inal cord, rats displayed markedly decreased hind paw withdrawal thresholds, indicative of below-leve

274 esic responses to thermal stimulation of the hind paw without alterations in rearing behavior or body

275 carrageenan (2%) into genital or nongenital (hind paw, tail, cheek) regions.

276 n (50muL, 10%) in the plantar surface of the hind paw.

277 Having established facial and hind-paw allodynia as a useful animal surrogate of heada

278 Facial and hind-paw allodynia associated with dural stimulation is

279 IM elicited robust facial and hind-paw allodynia, which peaked within 3 hours.

280 Rats that experience hind-paw incision injury at 3 days of age, display an in

281 cal- and thermal-pain hypersensitivity after hind-paw inflammation compared with wild-type littermate

282 yographic responses to graded suprathreshold hind-paw stimuli in the 4 weeks following adult incision

283 ar junctions of the lumbrical muscles of the hind-paw were vulnerable in both SMA and ALS, with a los

284 onse to graded mechanical stimulation of the hind paws (brush, pressure, and pinch).

285 he response to mechanical stimulation of the hind paws and face.

286 ia and mechanical allodynia occurred in both hind paws and forepaws by 7 d postlesion and were mainta

287 fied by measurement of ankle swelling in the hind paws and histologic examination.

288 domly assigned to five groups; each had both hind paws immersed in water at different temperatures (n

289 ng complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the hind paws of rats.

290 V1-lineage afferents in the epidermis of the hind paws of the reporter mice showed that EGTA and MDL2

291 Relative to hind paws, forepaws performed ~4 times more steps, they

292 erkeratotic calluses on Krt16(-/-) front and hind paws, which severely compromise the animals' abilit

293 or rat glabrous skin blood perfusion in both hind paws, while a simultaneous heart rate (HR) and DRRs

294 ts following noxious heat stimulation of the hind paws.

295 nded to the proximal joints of the front and hind paws.

296 ulas, and sensory thresholds of the face and hind-paws were characterized.

297 Fore and hind RGs mutually inhibited each other.

298 sence of a brown oval pattern on the ventral hind wing.

299 rax, elongate legs, and dramatically reduced hind wings in adults, and larvae have extremely elongate

300 otor system is provided by halteres, reduced hind wings that evolved into gyroscopic sensors.