ライフサイエンスコーパス: hominin

1 computed tomography (CT) data from the Taung hominin.

2 hat early hominins were as speciose as later hominins.

3 volution, including that of our own lineage, hominins.

4 te picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins.

5 four primary postcanine teeth in the row for hominins.

6 e on the earliest European Acheulean-bearing hominins.

7 ansmission, and communication in Pleistocene hominins.

8 ncreased the daily energetic requirements of hominins.

9 e present (bp), replacing all other forms of hominins.

10 he invention and use of stone tools by early hominins.

11 le compared with other hominoids and earlier hominins.

12 comparatively little change in gorillas and hominins.

13 in the dark zone, and not accessible to non-hominins.

14 al joints that is noticeably absent in early hominins.

15 ossicles are only rarely preserved in fossil hominins.

16 a, ca. 6 Ma) is one of the earliest putative hominins.

17 namics and evolution of weaning practices in hominins.

18 Neanderthals, Denisovans and possibly other hominins.

19 deciduous premolars and permanent molars) in hominins.

20 tial interbreeding between human and extinct hominines.

21 The holotype and paratype (Malapa Hominin 1 and 2, or MH1 and MH2, respectively) skeletons

22 l Elefante-TE9 and Gran Dolina-TD6 Atapuerca hominins (1.2-0.8 million years ago - Myr) as compared w

23 Our results shed light on hominin abilities to adjust to new environments, facilit

24 Hominins accumulated over time as older laminated mudsto

25 provide morphological evidence that Pliocene hominins achieved human-like hand postures much earlier

26 anjera, there is clear evidence that Oldowan hominins acquired and processed numerous, relatively com

27 ted as a correlate of increasingly recurrent hominin acquisition and consumption of animal remains.

28 The overall record of hominin activities is consistent through the stratified

29 gesailie as a preferred location of repeated hominin activity through multiple changes in climate and

30 2) and La Quina 18 Neanderthals and four SH hominins, all sub-adults, show extensive bone deposition

31 the adoption of cooperative breeding by our hominin ancestors also provides the most parsimonious ex

32 identify DNA inherited from multiple archaic hominin ancestors and applied it to whole-genome sequenc

33 at high altitude, was inherited from archaic hominin ancestors.

34 motor capabilities could have emerged in our hominin ancestors.

35 eting the palaeoenvironments occupied by our hominin ancestors; and also for evaluating the volcanic

36 cause it marks the appearance of both fossil hominins ancestral to the later Neandertals and the Ache

37 rbon isotope data from early to mid Pliocene hominin and cercopithecid fossils from Woranso-Mille (ce

38 Our results indicate that both hominin and modern great ape femora evolved in different

39 V58 variants may have coevolved with archaic hominins and dispersed across the planet through host in

40 t signifies increased dietary breadth within hominins and divergence from the dietary patterns of oth

41 nformed behavioral reconstructions of fossil hominins and highlight the value of using modern humans

42 ing vertebra, also occurs in all other early hominins and is higher than in most humans or extant ape

43 reduced locomotor endurance in the earliest hominins and likely restricted ranging.

44 the genetic relationship between Pleistocene hominins and modern humans.

45 he genetic constitution of these two archaic hominins and Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee).

46 We show that both hominins and some papionins expanded their diets to incl

47 al tract, ear and hand were present in early hominins and thus our ancestors had the capacity for spe

48 ously--about the climbing abilities of early hominins and whether a foot adapted to terrestrial biped

49 le of anthropoids (including fossil apes and hominins) and reconstruct hominoid proximal femur evolut

50 oportion of ancestry from an unknown extinct hominin, and this ancestry is absent from Europeans and

51 data from primates including humans, fossil hominins, and a wide sample of fossil primates including

52 aws and teeth) homoplasy in Plio-Pleistocene hominins, and shows that some dentognathic features trad

53 ur results imply that derived aspects of the hominin ankle associated with bipedalism remain compatib

54 is could suggest that the motivations behind hominin anthropophagy may not have been purely nutrition

55 humans as models for inferring the limits of hominin arboreality.

56 plesiomorphic ape Proconsul heseloni and the hominins Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithecus sedib

57 (excluding the hand and wrist) of the Malapa hominins are predominantly primitive and suggest the ret

58 Further data from hominoids and hominins are required to support the proposed adaptive a

59 imorphism within a single species of bipedal hominins as early as 3.66 million years ago.

60 modern humans and chimpanzees and in fossil hominins attributed to Australopithecus africanus, Paran

61 Using a variety of techniques, the hominin-bearing layer could be reassigned to a period ar

62 a 2.84- to 2.58-million-year-old fossil and hominin-bearing sediments in the Ledi-Geraru research ar

63 mportant additions to the Pliocene record of hominin behaviour and morphology.

64 sites is highly significant for the study of hominin behavioural ecology, in particular the hunting s

65 As a result of our analysis a single hominin bone (Denisova 11) was identified, supported thr

66 Next, we obtain an ancient hominin bone proteome through liquid chromatography-MS/M

67 aphic unit, whose records include around 170 hominin bones that have allowed the definition of a new

68 The study of hominin brain evolution has focused largely on the neoco

69 g within a hemisphere may allow the expanded hominin brain to minimize between-hemisphere connectivit

70 to reconstruct locomotor behavior in fossil hominins, but few studies have provided detailed empiric

71 t the comparatively low nutritional value of hominin cannibalism episodes support more socially or cu

72 erstanding of early archaeological (Oldowan) hominin carnivory.

73 , Ethiopia, provides the only known complete hominin cervical and thoracic vertebral column before 60

74 dence of locomotor diversity within both the hominin clade and the genus Homo.

75 may have a long evolutionary history in the hominin clade but it was not until very recently that hu

76 their evolution are well studied within the hominin clade.

77 cranial and dental size and shape within the hominin clade.

78 er their influence on brain evolution in the hominin clade.

79 The earliest European hominin crania associated with Acheulean handaxes are at

80 The evolution of hominin culture is well-documented in the archeological

81 Morphological evidence indicates that hominin diet became increasingly diverse by 4.2 million

82 a indicate that the inclusion of C4 foods in hominin diet occurred as part of broader ecological chan

83 The incorporation of C4 resources into hominin diet signifies increased dietary breadth within

84 Hominin dietary specialization is crucial to understandi

85 increasing proportions of C4-based foods in hominin diets, beginning at 3.8 Ma in Australopithecus a

86 d that the thoracolumbar transition in early hominins differed from that of most extant apes and huma

87 to understand the social behaviors of fossil hominins directly from fossil data.

88 i is a previously-unknown species of extinct hominin discovered within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Ri

89 ial for understanding subsistence aspects of hominin dispersal and the transition from an African-bas

90 ncountering modern humans on Flores or other hominins dispersing through southeast Asia, such as Deni

91 ic, and evolutionary significance of archaic hominin DNA that persists in present-day individuals.

92 mammalian DNA that often includes traces of hominin DNA, even at sites and in layers where no homini

93 rface and in the same direction as the three hominins documented at Site G.

94 wide spectrum of the diet of mid-Pleistocene hominins, enhancing our understanding of their adaptatio

95 consequently the potential role of water in hominin evolution and dispersal remains unresolved.

96 els aiming to converge environmental change, hominin evolution and technological origins, we propose

97 ressing the role of environmental forcing in hominin evolution at this time.

98 However, the record of hominin evolution between 3 and 2.5 million years ago (M

99 or driver of long-term ecological change and hominin evolution in eastern Africa during the Plio-Plei

100 onstructing the behavioral shifts that drove hominin evolution requires knowledge of the timing, magn

101 other, has been widely practiced since early hominin evolution to increase infant survival and thrivi

102 Diet is central for understanding hominin evolution, adaptation, and environmental exploit

103 rogression from nonlanguage to language over hominin evolution, and in emerging sign systems today.

104 suture and open anterior fontanelle early in hominin evolution, and they put an emphasis on the Taung

105 nd consumption may have persisted throughout hominin evolution, rather than being a recent developmen

106 vidence of elevated rates only much later in hominin evolution, suggesting that fast-evolving traits

107 cost, improving walking efficiency early in hominin evolution.

108 mportant fossil assemblages for interpreting hominin evolution.

109 resumably a key target of selection in early hominin evolution.

110 c closure, and particularly its antiquity in hominin evolution.

111 oraging adaptation central to many models of hominin evolution.

112 associated with increasing brain size during hominin evolution; (ii) subsequent vocal-laryngeal elabo

113 e of a lack of evidence of when, how and why hominins evolved the ability to generate high-speed thro

114 This is the area where most hominin first occurrences are located, and consequently

115 Our understanding of hominin foot evolution is, although, hindered by a pauci

116 Hominin footprints are disproportionately abundant in th

117 tracks from northwestern Kenya, including 97 hominin footprints attributed to Homo erectus.

118 ose outstanding record includes the earliest hominin footprints in the world (3.66 million years old)

119 ing for preservation bias, this abundance of hominin footprints indicates repeated use of lakeshore h

120 li site (Tanzania) contains the oldest known hominin footprints, and their interpretation remains ope

121 considered in digital conservation of human/hominin footprints.

122 or more than 1,100 ancient human and archaic hominin (for example, Neandertal) individuals.

123 ly aquatic-linked foods, may have influenced hominin foraging behavior and migratory routes across an

124 Hominin fossil evidence in the Turkana Basin in Kenya fr

125 lternative evolutionary hypotheses using the hominin fossil evidence.

126 driven by the paucity of hand fossils in the hominin fossil record between 800,000 and 1.8 My old, a

127 olution image data and an examination of the hominin fossil record do not support the metopic and fon

128 pe) and investigate their development in the hominin fossil record.

129 n of central Flores, Indonesia, have yielded hominin fossils attributed to a population ancestral to

130 in spatiotemporal association with Pliocene hominin fossils in a wooded palaeoenvironment.

131 The hominin fossils occur alongside the remains of an insula

132 ological assemblages exists, the scarcity of hominin fossils often impedes the understanding of which

133 udies of genomic data obtained by sequencing hominin fossils with particular emphasis on the unique i

134 nt approximately 1.42 Mya in an East African hominin from Kaitio, West Turkana, Kenya.

135 ease and then increase in body mass in early hominins from a chimpanzee-sized LCA.The pattern of body

136 Morocco, and interpret the affinities of the hominins from this site with other archaic and recent hu

137 ehavior, such as stone tool making in fossil hominins, from these same entheses.

138 n two feet dates back 6-7 Ma, reconstructing hominin gait evolution is complicated by a sparse fossil

139 ca. 4.1 to 1.4 Ma samples two archaic early hominin genera and records some of the early evolutionar

140 the possibility of detecting the presence of hominin groups at sites and in areas where no skeletal r

141 albeit of low magnitude, occurred among many hominin groups in the Late Pleistocene.

142 rritoriality and energetic costs invested by hominin groups.

143 Biomarkers reveal hominins had access to aquatic plants and protective woo

144 This method is commonly applied to fossil hominin hand bones to assess their abilities to particip

145 Ancient DNA from archaic hominins has revealed a rich history of admixture betwee

146 th size in humans and our closest relatives (hominins) has strongly influenced our view of human evol

147 g to the Neandertal clade, whereas the Arago hominins have been attributed to an incipient stage of N

148 Hominins have been making tools for over three million y

149 Studies of facial ontogeny in immature hominins have contributed significantly to understanding

150 cent discoveries of multiple middle Pliocene hominins have raised the possibility that early hominins

151 will continue to change our understanding of hominin history.

152 demonstrate that a morphologically primitive hominin, Homo naledi, survived into the later parts of t

153 d phylogenetic relationships between extinct hominins (human ancestors) and anatomically modern human

154 Yet H. erectus differs from earlier hominins in having relatively smaller teeth, reduced che

155 n large-bodied primate that co-occurred with hominins in many Plio-Pleistocene deposits in East and S

156 e in Africa, but the fossil evidence for any hominins in subequatorial Africa was very sparse.

157 The existence of a diverse array of hominins in subequatorial comports with our present know

158 By ca. 2 Ma, hominins in the Turkana Basin had split into two distinc

159 ing relatives (chimpanzees) and early fossil hominins, in having an enlarged body size and lower limb

160 they encountered and interbred with archaic hominins, including Neanderthals and Denisovans [1, 2].

161 Extinct hominins, including pre-Holocene Homo sapiens, retain th

162 ur direct ancestors and contemporary archaic hominins, including the Neanderthals.

163 he anatomical differences found in the early hominin incus and stapes, along with other aspects of th

164 Bone taphonomy indicates that hominin individuals reached the chamber complete, with d

165 while various lines of evidence suggest the hominins inhabited a savannah-like open grassland habita

166 ns would have been the same in the past when hominins inhabited the area.

167 he second major dispersal episode of African hominins into Eurasia.

168 le over this time interval even with minimal hominin introgression.

169 arliest archaeological evidence of sustained hominin involvement with fleshed animal remains (i.e., p

170 rowth remodelling identified in these fossil hominins is shared with Australopithecus and early Homo

171 ned role in the ecology of ancestral bipedal hominins is unresolved.

172 We propose that the hominin lineage experienced a decline in maximum dynamic

173 40,000 years ago, Neanderthals, the ancient hominin lineage most closely related to modern humans, i

174 have been made, in particular regarding the hominin lineage.

175 It is now evident that a diversity of hominin lineages existed in this region, with some diver

176 s the genetic similarities among the various hominin lineages, we performed genetic structure analyse

177 ce to an impact, while those in the juvenile hominin mandible are consistent with a blow to the face.

178 Villmoare et al. report on a hominin mandible from the Ledi-Geraru research area, Eth

179 Here we report the discovery of a partial hominin mandible with teeth from the Ledi-Geraru researc

180 sand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible.

181 n comparative taxonomic analyses of isolated hominin mandibles.

182 Further exploration led to the discovery of hominin material, now comprising 131 hominin specimens,

183 Based on associated hominin material, the bones of this hand are attributed

184 stand how patterns of taxonomic diversity in hominins may have developed.

185 lated pre-linguistic vocal activity in early hominins might have set the evolutionary stage for later

186 um vivax was a necessary adaptation as early hominins moved to colder areas with shorter mosquito bre

187 tudy of the archaeological remains of fossil hominins must rely on reconstructions to elucidate the b

188 ils often impedes the understanding of which hominins occupied a site.

189 The fossil record shows that two types of hominins occupied the region during this period-Neandert

190 t that is more C4-based than contemporaneous hominins of the genera Australopithecus, Kenyanthropus,

191 Here we describe and analyse Olduvai Hominin (OH) 86, a manual proximal phalanx from the rece

192 e-containing variation acquired from archaic hominins or adaptive variants in specific populations-im

193 thoroughly characterize a Middle Pleistocene hominin paleodeme and to address hypotheses about the or

194 Reconstructing hominin paleoecology is critical for understanding our a

195 Recent discoveries from archaeology, hominin paleontology, geochronology, genetics, and paleo

196 anded in copy number during the evolution of hominins, perhaps by recombination.

197 ted variations in isolation and dispersal of hominin populations in the past.

198 al, behavioral, and anatomical changes among hominin populations throughout Africa and Eurasia.

199 ically dispersed, technologically precocious hominin populations with a shared technological ancestry

200 landscapes and ecosystems occupied by early hominin populations.

201 We show that hominin postcanine teeth have evolved at a relatively co

202 presence, behaviour and in the case of early hominins potential evidence with respect to the evolutio

203 As most of hominin pre-history evolved in hunter-gatherer settings,

204 hat hybridization between modern and archaic hominins provided an important reservoir of advantageous

205 rsial because of the lack either of a direct hominin radiocarbon date or of molecular confirmation of

206 The hominin record from southern Asia for the early Late Ple

207 ons are among the most complete in the early hominin record.

208 ontrasts with other interpretations of early hominin regional vertebral numbers.

209 unctional genomic insights about our extinct hominin relatives.

210 Hominin reliance on Oldowan stone tools-which appear fro

211 Our results support the hypothesis that hominin reliance on stone tool-making generated selectio

212 ntal wear processes of the earliest European hominins remain unknown because most of the academic att

213 ults of this work suggest that some of these hominin remains accumulated in the cave by geological pr

214 Hominin remains appear related to three different sedime

215 plant biomarkers, clustered bone debris, and hominin remains define a clear spatial pattern that plac

216 in DNA, even at sites and in layers where no hominin remains have been discovered.

217 Approximately 1550 specimens of hominin remains have been recovered from at least 15 ind

218 collagen fingerprinting has for identifying hominin remains in highly fragmentary archaeological ass

219 The hominin remains represent at least three individuals bas

220 The hominin remains represent three individuals: EQH1, a non

221 tar cave system has produced abundant fossil hominin remains within the Dinaledi Chamber, representin

222 mass spectrometry (ZooMS) to find additional hominin remains.

223 represents a second depositional context for hominin remains.

224 association with anthropogenically modified hominin remains.

225 elationships shared between ancestral human (hominin) remains, edible resources, refuge, and freshwat

226 ial growth of MH1 appears unique among early hominins representing an evolutionary modification in fa

227 The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 mil

228 y compared with those in eight other African hominin samples, before cladistic analyses using a goril

229 els lack fine-scale resolution due to fossil hominin scarcity and the time-averaged accumulation of f

230 view recent work that has identified archaic hominin sequence that survives in modern human genomes a

231 most parsimonious model for the evolution of hominin shoulder shape starts with an African ape-like a

232 oldest and richest African Middle Stone Age hominin site that documents early stages of the H. sapie

233 Malapa is one of the richest early hominin sites in Africa and the discovery site of the ho

234 in this lake margin environment, relative to hominin skeletal fossil frequency in the same deposits.

235 is among the oldest and most complete fossil hominin skeletons discovered.

236 of relatively complete hands from two early hominin species (Ardipithecus ramidus and Australopithec

237 Here we recognize a new hominin species (Australopithecus deyiremeda sp. nov.) f

238 Most early hominin species are believed to show rapid ape-like patt

239 The recently discovered hominin species Autralopithecus sediba is represented by

240 ontinue to support the proposal that several hominin species co-existed during this time period.

241 Homo floresiensis, a primitive hominin species discovered in Late Pleistocene sediments

242 Middle Pliocene hominin species diversity has been a subject of debate o

243 Australopithecus afarensis was not the only hominin species during the middle Pliocene, and that the

244 indings illustrate that admixture with other hominin species has provided genetic variation that help

245 The earliest hominin species in the Turkana Basin, Australopithecus a

246 that there were at least two contemporaneous hominin species living in the Afar region of Ethiopia be

247 ate body disposal in a single location, by a hominin species other than Homo sapiens, at an as-yet un

248 ites in Africa and the discovery site of the hominin species, Australopithecus sediba.

249 t and posterior tooth size reduction in some hominin species.

250 istent pattern of differentiation from other hominin species.

251 more specifically, reversions of an ancient hominin-specific duplication of these exons.

252 scribe the age and context of the Mata Menge hominin specimens and associated archaeological findings

253 ating and Bayesian modeling confirm that the hominin specimens date to the Chatelperronian at the Gro

254 We identified 28 additional hominin specimens through zooarchaeology by mass spectro

255 on about the behaviour and health of ancient hominin specimens, as well as a unique system that is us

256 very of hominin material, now comprising 131 hominin specimens, within a second chamber, the Lesedi C

257 d physiological information on these ancient hominin specimens.

258 s sediba grant insight into aspects of early hominin spinal mobility, lumbar curvature, vertebral for

259 t those in the right upper limb of the adult hominin strongly indicate active resistance to an impact

260 NA inherited from interbreeding with archaic hominins, such as Neandertals, yet the influence of this

261 mans overlapped in time and space with other hominins, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, and limit

262 iens, including its interbreeding with other hominins, such as Neanderthals, and the ways in which na

263 sociated with important behavioral shifts in hominins, such as reduced arboreality, high-speed throwi

264 different auditory capacities in these early hominin taxa compared with modern humans.

265 The malleus in both early hominin taxa is clearly human-like in the proportions of

266 iet derived from C3 or C4 resources in these hominin taxa.

267 illion years ago, and further confirms early hominin taxonomic diversity in eastern Africa during the

268 also complicates our understanding of early hominin taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships.

269 nya, has identified evidence of much earlier hominin technological behaviour.

270 may also have been a driving force in early hominin technological evolution.

271 ns that drove the extraordinary expansion of hominin technology.

272 c gradient' in mammal, and more specifically hominin, teeth since Butler and Dahlberg.

273 , ultimately affecting our interpretation on hominin territoriality and energetic costs invested by h

274 ing more advance forethought and planning by hominins than those required by the precedent Oldowan te

275 Neanderthals were a group of archaic hominins that occupied most of Europe and parts of Weste

276 tween anatomically modern humans and extinct hominins; the development of an increasingly detailed de

277 Among hominins, this dietary expansion postdates the major den

278 trogression of genetic variants from archaic hominins to humans and emerging ancient genome data sets

279 This would have allowed early hominins to reduce work and locomotor cost, improving wa

280 lumbar vertebral columns are known for early hominins, to date, no complete cervical or thoracic seri

281 ing valuable comparative insights into early hominin tool crafting [9].

282 played an important role in the evolution of hominin tool use.

283 ics and morphology of intentionally produced hominin tools.

284 ng question: are there rules that govern how hominin tooth size evolves?

285 Here, we report hominin tracks unearthed in the new Site S at Laetoli an

286 The two hominin trackways present are parallel to one another, o

287 2 million years ago) and several Pleistocene hominins, traditionally considered not to have engaged i

288 in the same direction further suggest these hominins traversed this lakeshore in multi-male groups.

289 We demonstrate that even if early hominins walked with pelvic rotations 50% larger than hu

290 est that, like humans and chimpanzees, early hominins walked with upper body rotations that countered

291 A nearly complete right hand of an adult hominin was recovered from the Rising Star cave system,

292 van sequences suggests that PRDM9 in archaic hominins was closely related to present-day human allele

293 the Levantine Corridor through which several hominin waves dispersed out of Africa, provides a unique

294 inins have raised the possibility that early hominins were as speciose as later hominins.

295 ted animal routes through the area show that hominins were aware of animal movements and used the loc

296 The earliest hominins were bipedal but retained ape-like features in

297 oreal bipedalism was prohibitively risky for hominins whose increasingly modern anatomy prevented the

298 The discovery of OH 86 suggests that a hominin with a more MHL postcranium co-existed with Para

299 e, by simply slicing meat and pounding USOs, hominins would have improved their ability to chew meat

300 he largest assemblage of a single species of hominins yet discovered in Africa.