ライフサイエンスコーパス: humic

1 DOM (more humic) to a low-colored DOM (less humic).

2 and electron shuttling reactions mediated by humics.

3 The experimental chamber contained water, humic acid (1-10 mg L(-1)) as a proxy for dissolved orga

4 udies and differing from sorption to Aldrich-humic acid (AHA) utilized as reference sorbent.

5 eonardite humic acid (LAHA) and Florida peat humic acid (FPHA), at concentrations above 5 mg C/L, sho

6 Insight in the molecular structure of humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) can contribute to i

7 ar level of understanding on the dynamics of humic acid (HA) and its interaction with uranyl in the p

8 mpure samples using the common PCR inhibitor humic acid (HA) as a model.

9 experiment using reduced and reoxidized soil humic acid (HA) as reductant and sorbent at copper loadi

10 Thus, we study the effect of humic acid (HA) coprecipitation on Fh reduction and seco

11 The presence of humic acid (HA) did not hinder DCF removal by the compos

12 Humic acid (HA) is thought to promote NO2 conversion to

13 ferrioxamine B (DFOB), fulvic acid (FA), and humic acid (HA) on plutonium (Pu) sorption to goethite w

14 We examined the impact of Suwannee River humic acid (HA) on the toxicity of TiO2NPs to developing

15 cies (ROS) by C60 under UV irradiation, when humic acid (HA) or fulvic acid (FA) is present.

16 uspensions and Ag(+) in solution when adding humic acid (HA) to bacterial suspensions.

17 The addition of humic acid (HA) to the exposure media significantly decr

18 untreated and electrochemically reduced soil humic acid (HA) under oxic and anoxic conditions.

19 A lignite humic acid (HA) was separated from inorganic and non-HA

20 bsorbing brown carbon surrogate derived from humic acid (HA) were measured across the visible to near

21 rong change of the molecular conformation of humic acid (HA) with a predominant adsorption in the Ste

22 The presence of humic acid (HA), as an analog of soil organic matter, do

23 on with reduced and nonreduced Sigma-Aldrich humic acid (HA), at pH 6 under anoxic conditions.

24 Humic acid (HA), further increased their size and polydi

25 45 mV) increased the adsorption of EfOM and humic acid (HA), moderately and sharply, respectively, s

26 ed to Cry1Ab protein adsorption to an apolar humic acid (HA).

27 erface, association of fullerene to pure and humic acid (HA7) coated gammaFe2O3 NPs led to the format

28 A de-ashed humic acid (i.e., metals being removed) scavenged more P

29 The two terrestrial HAs, namely Leonardite humic acid (LAHA) and Florida peat humic acid (FPHA), at

30 inding of sulfamethazine (SMZ) to Leonardite humic acid (LHA) and to four synthetic humic acids (SHAs

31 tained by photosensitization by Pahokee Peat Humic Acid (PPHA) and Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA),

32 investigated as a function of Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and background electrolyte concentrati

33 benzene sulfonate (SDBS), and Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) at pH 5.0-6.0.

34 ) water at pH 5.6 +/- 0.2 and Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) at pH 5.1 +/- 0.2 using low doses of c

35 ies revealed that the aquatic Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) causes an increased biomembrane pertur

36 c lake fulvic acid, NLFA) and Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) followed the order NLFA > SRHA > PPFA

37 Presence of Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) showed aggregation enhancement for bot

38 Suwanee River Humic Acid (SRHA) was also used to determine the effect

39 Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) was used to study the effects of natur

40 presence or absence of a well-characterized humic acid (Suwannee River Humic Acid, SRHA).

41 We developed a new humic acid adsorption method for determining the relativ

42 For humic acid aerosols, uptake coefficients in the range of

43 tion, suggesting a "blocking effect" between humic acid and bacterial cells.

44 In addition, both humic acid and FBS protein effectively lowered the amoun

45 Humic acid and FBS significantly changed the characteris

46 This research examined the effects of humic acid and fetal bovine serum (FBS), which are ubiqu

47 esence of the two model NOMs (Suwannee river humic acid and fulvic acid).

48 A water soluble humic acid and melanin-like polymer complex (OMWW-ASP) w

49 c molecules found in natural waters; namely, humic acid and rhamnolipid.

50 h both low and high proton-affinity sites of humic acid and zwitterion interaction with high proton-a

51 Elevated lead in the presence of humic acid appeared to be driven by complexation, with (

52 1000 +/- 3000 ppb) ions were measured in the humic acid atomizer solutions compared to the other orga

53 We observed that humic acid caused a similar level of inhibition in both

54 Easily separable humic acid coated magnetite (HA-Fe3O4) nanoparticles are

55 ts, with mobility decreasing with decreasing humic acid concentration.

56 yaniline was studied in reactions with model humic acid constituents (quinones and other carbonyl com

57 increase in silver uptake in the presence of humic acid did not result in decreased algal growth.

58 c carbon and water (KOC) and between Aldrich humic acid dissolved organic carbon and water (KDOC) for

59 Sulfide and humic acid each individually caused immediate increases

60 lead as insoluble hydroxypyromorphite, while humic acid enhanced lead mobility.

61 through the reduction of Ag(+) by fulvic and humic acid fractions of natural organic matter in the en

62 Pyrogenic humic acid has been included in our study since it will

63 y related to the conformational structure of humic acid in solution and its interaction with the cell

64 larithromycin and tetracycline) to dissolved humic acid in the absence and presence of Ca(2+) and eva

65 t to clarithromycin, tetracycline binding to humic acid increased in the presence of Ca(2+), especial

66 In the presence of 20 ppm of humic acid of an organic-rich soil, plutonium diffusion

67 The effects of humic acid on lipid accumulation of fullerene depended o

68 a suggest that all of these actions of model humic acid on root functionality, which are linked to it

69 electrochemical reduction of a purified soil humic acid on the binding of two chalcophile metal catio

70 Adsorption of humic acid or rhamnolipid on the Al2O3 surface resulted

71 ively charged tetracycline-Ca complexes with humic acid rather than due to the formation of ternary c

72 humic acid was slightly enhanced compared to humic acid reoxidized by O(2) and quantitatively in exce

73 an OM-poor clay soil, a hydrophilic Aldrich humic acid salt, and water-insoluble leonardite.

74 r nanoparticles and nanoparticle spiked into humic acid solution (50 mg/L) at an environmentally rele

75 The presence of humic acid stabilized the system against heteroaggregati

76 background electrolyte) in Milli-Q water and humic acid suspensions.

77 in competition, it was the influence of the humic acid that dominated that of the sulfide.

78 polyacrylamide (PAM) gel in the presence of humic acid using a diffusion cell (D = 1.70 +/- 0.25 x 1

79 The binding of cadmium to reduced humic acid was slightly enhanced compared to humic acid

80 Clarithromycin interaction with dissolved humic acid was well described by the model including the

81 Two aquatic fulvic acids and one soil humic acid were irradiated to examine the resulting chan

82 caused by a structurally well-characterized humic acid with sedimentary origin is functionally assoc

83 aracteristics of Cd on montmorillonite(Mont)-humic acid(HA)-bacteria composites.

84 The addition of electron acceptors (e.g., humic acid) also led to substantially increased Hg(0)aq

85 particle surface chemistry (PVP, citrate, or humic acid) on alpha, and found a strong dependence on b

86 sulfide and natural organic matter (NOM, as humic acid), while under suboxic conditions.

87 performance of the polymer is unaffected by humic acid, a component of natural organic matter that f

88 bited in the presence of radical scavengers (humic acid, carbonate), in complex aquatic matrices (Iow

89 he least to most inhibitive was Pahokee Peat humic acid, Elliot Soil humic acid, Suwannee River humic

90 monomethyl amine sulfate, and two sources of humic acid, for an initial HO2 concentration of 1 x 10(9

91 e of low levels (1-6 mg/L) of Suwannee River humic acid, fulvic acid, alginate, citric acid, and carb

92 salicylic acid (SA), natural organic matter (humic acid, HA), and dissolved silicates.

93 ternary complex formation or, in the case of humic acid, incorporation into HA aggregates.

94 iquitous organic ligands (e.g., -SH (thoil), humic acid, or -COO (carboxylate)) is limited.

95 ell-characterized humic acid (Suwannee River Humic Acid, SRHA).

96 ive was Pahokee Peat humic acid, Elliot Soil humic acid, Suwannee River humic acid, Suwannee River NO

97 acid, Elliot Soil humic acid, Suwannee River humic acid, Suwannee River NOM, Suwannee River fulvic ac

98 uilibrated models of the standard Leonardite humic acid, together with corresponding force-field para

99 e humidity was also observed for uptake onto humic acid, with larger uptake coefficients seen at high

100 of site masking in the ternary clay mineral-humic acid-bacteria composite.

101 ) (microbial byproducts region), and Peak H (humic acid-like region).

102 in root and shoot (fluridone) show that the humic acid-mediated enhancement of both root hydraulic c

103 ological and metabolic mechanisms behind the humic acid-mediated plant growth enhancement are discuss

104 e shoot growth-promoting action of the model humic acid.

105 rt from the aerosols from the two sources of humic acid.

106 t hydraulic conductivity caused by the model humic acid.

107 by coating silica particles with commercial humic acid.

108 edia of quartz sand, even in the presence of humic acid.

109 emain the same in the presence or absence of humic acid.

110 cal reduction of IO(3)(-) in the presence of humic acid.

111 of a real HS sample, the standard Leonardite humic acid.

112 ing 100 ng/mL of p,p'-DDE with 0 or 100 mg/L humic acid.

113 by Ag(0) formation rather than by binding to humic acid.

114 onic species to low proton-affinity sites in humic acid.

115 Stability study of AgNPs, formed in Ag(+)-humic acid/fulvic acids-Fe(3+) mixtures over a period of

116 samples was compared to dissolved commercial humic acids (DOM).

117 riacetic (NTA) and Suwannee River fulvic and humic acids (FA and HA) in solution at pH 7 was investig

118 Humic acids (HA) compete with TCs for Fe(II), but the ef

119 ed in the isolation of fulvic acids (FA) and humic acids (HA) have been identified as a possible cont

120 Sunflower root exudates, humic acids (HA), and the synthetic oleophilic fertilize

121 hodes were exposed to high concentrations of humic acids (HA).

122 l SiO(2), ZnO, hydrous ferric oxide (HFO) or humic acids (HAs) as well as heterogeneous suspensions c

123 indicated that an increase in the amount of humic acids (HAs) increasingly inhibited Al adsorption b

124 The interaction of humic acids (HAs) with 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-Sn-glycero-3

125 of TBBPA bound-residue formation to two soil humic acids (HAs), Elliott soil HA and Steinkreuz soil H

126 er considerably in their reaction rates with humic acids (k (sulfate radical + humic acids) = 6.8 x 1

127 fer from reduced and nonreduced Pahokee Peat humic acids (PPHA) and fresh soil organic matter (SOM) e

128 rdite humic acid (LHA) and to four synthetic humic acids (SHAs) polymerized from low molecular weight

129 borohydride-reduced Suwanee River fulvic and humic acids (SRFA and SRHA, respectively).

130 including commercially available fulvic and humic acids and an authentic Arctic snow DOM sample isol

131 isporus serine proteinase SPR1 is induced by humic acids and is highly expressed during growth on com

132 s similar to the behavior observed for model humic acids and several surface waters, suggesting that

133 e in pH enhanced the formation of AgNPs, and humic acids as ligands showed higher formation of AgNPs

134 The value of logK (ratio of absorbance of humic acids at 400 and 600 nm) was cedar > transition zo

135 with Elliott humic and fulvic acids and with humic acids extracted from natural carbonaceous material

136 It was further observed that humic acids generally react faster than fulvic acids.

137 Fulvic and humic acids have a large variability in binding to metal

138 The binding of Pb(II) to humic acids is studied through an approach combining equ

139 FeOx associated with humic acids or citrate were less toxic than OM-free FeOx

140 (13)C-CP/MAS NMR measurements of humic acids revealed an increasing incorporation of phen

141 The high reactivity of humic acids toward HO(*) is in line with the antioxidant

142 lecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and humic acids were excluded.

143 -1) (mgC = mg carbon); k (hydroxyl radical + humic acids) = 1.4 x 10(4) L mgC(-1) s(-1)).

144 rates with humic acids (k (sulfate radical + humic acids) = 6.8 x 10(3) L mgC(-1) s(-1) (mgC = mg car

145 tles (confirmed by replacing the sludge with humic acids), and (iii) Geobacter sulfurreducens to prod

146 Thus, in the presence of humic acids, atrazine is degraded more efficiently by su

147 terial than with Nordic NOM and Pahokee peat humic acids.

148 binding sites on larger, less bioaccessible humic acids.

149 l radical, as well as indigenous radicals of humic acids.

150 eshwater and coastal seawater are fulvic and humic acids.

151 The presence of the humic adlayers on solid supports was shown to significan

152 atively small in comparison to large mass of humics adsorbed.

153 Therefore, large humic aggregates in a heterogeneous NOM sample can have

154 clay- and Fe-rich, volcanic and a temperate, humic) agricultural soils were studied in the presence a

155 sess the average molecular weight of various humic and fulvic acid isolates as model DOM, using liter

156 xhibiting trends also observed for reference humic and fulvic acid isolates.

157 n cysteine solutions but not in DI water, or humic and fulvic acid solutions.

158 al organic matter (NOM, i.e., Suwannee River Humic and Fulvic Acid Standards and Pony Lake Fulvic Aci

159 nt types of NOM were studied: Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids (SRHA and SRFA) and alginate.

160 (from 0 to 40 mg C L(-1)) for Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids and Pony Lake fulvic acid.

161 This process is more important with Elliott humic and fulvic acids and with humic acids extracted fr

162 and HOBr increased the sorption tendency of humic and fulvic acids to the hydrophobic surface with m

163 proteins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and humic and fulvic acids with a model hydrophobic surface

164 er samples was similar to that observed with humic and fulvic acids, pointing to the importance of th

165 s of dissolved organic matter (DOM), such as humic and fulvic acids, proteins, polysaccharides, and l

166 adlayers formed from a diverse set of eight humic and fulvic acids, used as DOM models, on surfaces

167 t decreased substantially in the presence of humic and fulvic acids.

168 hile a smaller fraction originated from soil humics and appears to be photochemically or microbially

169 ionated by both hydrophobicity (bulk and non-humic) and apparent molecular weight (AMW).

170 lecular properties for each of the classical humic- and protein-like FDOM components are presented.

171 dels are capable of accurately predicting Cu-humic binding in natural waters at environmentally reali

172 artition coefficients (Kd) between water and humics-coated silica gels after 10 days exposure reached

173 the sequestered Pu was remobilized from the humics-coated silica gels by treatment with dissolved hu

174 of water-borne plutonium (up to 73%) on the humics-coated silica gels.

175 Within the catchment, humic colloids lost up to 50% of their copper-binding ca

176 at different depths in a column of strongly humic-colored [i.e., solar ultraviolet (UV)-attenuating]

177 mechanisms likely affect stepwise elution of humic components from XAD-8 resin with pyrophosphate buf

178 ecules enables structure characterization of humic compounds.

179 formed in situ using self-adhesive silanized humic derivatives.

180 To evaluate such humic DOM influences, we characterized the optical prope

181 ent with three independent components in the humic fluorescence response, which are assigned to moiet

182 the leachates identified a distinctive soil humic fluorophore observed in all samples and fluorescen

183 s modeled using three approaches: binding to humic/fulvic acids, binding to thiol-groups, or a combin

184 To understand the relative impact of humic (HA) and fulvic fraction of NOM on the stability a

185 Addition of a humic isolate increased lead release due to uniform corr

186 Humic lakes and pools are the primary receptacles for te

187 t and anoxic hypolimnion water layer of five humic lakes in WI, USA.

188 e and community structure of algae in upland humic lakes of Ireland and Northern Ireland, despite lon

189 om May to August in 2003 and 2008 from three humic lakes using terminal restriction fragment length p

190 Three humic lakes were sampled weekly May-August and correlati

191 analysis supported a two-component model of humic-like and nonhumic-like dissolved organic matter (D

192 concentration of 1.09 mug/L, identified two humic-like and two previously reported oil-like componen

193 O2 advanced oxidation, transformation of the humic-like components was slower than that of the trypto

194 Significantly, the quenched fluorescence of humic-like DOM (static and/or dynamic quenching) by nonh

195 associated with decreased amounts of natural humic-like DOM and enriched amounts of anthropogenic ful

196 and was related to decreasing proportions of humic-like DOM and increasing proportions of protein-lik

197 Humic-like fluorescence (peaks A and C) was selectively

198 snow (R(2) = 0.31) and a decrease in percent humic-like fluorescence (R(2) = 0.36), indicating an ove

199 c carbon concentrations were correlated with humic-like fluorescence indexes.

200 ound in wastewater effluent, indicating that humic-like fluorescence is associated with different com

201 scence indexes that correspond to a group of humic-like fluorescing species were determined to be hig

202 Fluorescence intensity of a humic-like fluorophore (i.e., I345/425) correlated stron

203 ike fluorophore and preferentially removed a humic-like group irrespective of the coagulant.

204 reference streams is exported in the form of humic-like material with high molecular weight, which in

205 etween diesel-like material and more complex humic-like material.

206 ously considered of terrestrially-derived or humic-like origin published in the OpenFluor database.

207 ent through increased levels of a microbial, humic-like parallel factor analysis component (C6).

208 polysaccharides (PS), nucleic acids (NA) and humic-like substances (HS) in the STAD system within the

209 (water-soluble organic carbon, WSOC) and the humic-like substances (HULIS) fraction of WSOC.

210 Humic-like substances (HULIS) in particulate matter such

211 es, and potentially explaining one source of humic-like substances (HULIS) ubiquitously present in at

212 Humic-like substances (HULIS), a complex mixture of amph

213 re abundant photosensitizer species, such as humic-like substances (HULIS), may contribute more signi

214 he OA components contributing to WS_DTT were humic-like substances (HULIS), which are abundantly emit

215 y unresolved compounds, often referred to as humic-like substances (HULIS), which influence particle

216 pically identified in the complex mixture of humic-like substances (HULIS).

217 Recently, it has been determined that humic-like substances and unknown organic chromophores a

218 captured by common classifications such as "humic-like" fluorescence.

219 show that (1) EEM-PARAFAC fitted terrestrial humic-like, anthropogenic humic-like, tryptophan-like, a

220 fitted terrestrial humic-like, anthropogenic humic-like, tryptophan-like, and tyrosine-like component

221 e compound with the hydrophobic sites of the humic material.

222 Consequently, silanized humic materialas can be seen as both molecular probes an

223 ated silica gels by treatment with dissolved humic materials at environmentally relevant pH of 7.5.

224 ium partitioning between immobile and mobile humic materials at the water-solid interfaces.

225 Immobilization of the humic materials on solid supports was performed in situ

226 id birnessite) interactions with and without humic matter (HM) via batch experiments.

227 application of complementary methods (e.g., humic matter fractionation, (13)C-CP/MAS NMR, sequential

228 ute of Cr(VI) formation which is tempered by humic matter.

229 characterized by a high fraction of aquatic humic matter.

230 n chromium-NOM complexation in the Stockholm Humic Model (SHM): a monomeric complex dominated at pH <

231 Two humic moieties and a protein-like group were identified

232 ncluding binding between groups of different humic molecules, promoting aggregation; further metal io

233 tributed to metal ion induced aggregation of humic molecules, resulting in the interaction between th

234 ent through steric interaction from adsorbed humic molecules; however showed little or no effects for

235 stem-offers exciting insight into studies of humic/nonhumic interactions with important implications

236 ng season in two contrasting boreal lakes, a humic oligotrophic lake and a clear-water productive lak

237 ions and an electrostatic model treating the humic particles as an elastic polyelectrolyte network.

238 enzyme in the adaptation of Agaricus to the humic-rich ecological niche formed during biomass degrad

239 aptation, persistence and growth of fungi in humic-rich environments such as soils of temperate woodl

240 compositions more typical of clear water to humic-rich freshwater ecosystems but C6 was only present

241 l lower absolute lignin phenol yields in the humic-rich lake water samples upon C18 extraction.

242 water samples, a fresh leaf leachate and two humic-rich lake waters, were analyzed by the direct meth

243 e adaptation, persistence, and growth in the humic-rich leaf-litter environment.

244 consistent with challenges posed by complex humic-rich substrates.

245 ed organo-clay complexes were separated into humic subfractions.

246 Microbial humic substance (HS) reduction and subsequent abiotic el

247 fulvic acids purchased by the International Humic Substance Society.

248 Humic substances (HS) acting as photosensitizers can gen

249 Humic substances (HS) are abundant in the environment an

250 Humic substances (HS) are heterogeneous, redox-active or

251 es of phenol electron donors to solutions of humic substances (HS) enhanced substantially the initial

252 yses have shown that the chlorination of the humic substances (HS) in the presence of high H3O(+) and

253 mophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and humic substances (HS) remains poorly understood and yet

254 influence of different fractions of aquatic humic substances (HS) was evaluated.

255 he redox and photochemical properties of the humic substances (HS), the relationship between these ch

256 ating the high stability of peatland-derived humic substances (HS).

257 ioxamine B (DFOB) on Fe removal from aquatic humic substances (XAD-8-isolated) and other organic matt

258 ogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) is photoproduced by humic substances and chromophoric dissolved organic matt

259 Fe bound to humic substances and other more "transphilic" organic co

260 ed in surface peat explained by variation in humic substances and phenolics.

261 ly, MIEX pretreatment preferentially removed humic substances and reduced the coagulant dose needed f

262 istic source of the natural organobromine in humic substances and the soil organic horizon.

263 but quantitative studies for Cu+ binding to humic substances are lacking.

264 e with pollutants based on properties of the humic substances are possible.

265 Light screening by the humic substances could not explain this delay, which is

266 oethite nanoparticles with and without added humic substances demonstrates that, in all cases, humic

267 n binding and electron transfer reactions of humic substances determine copper speciation in redox-dy

268 or dual fluorescing peaks in amino acids and humic substances is postulated.

269 The added humic substances on kaolonite show an inhibition of azin

270 ms, the influence of pH, ionic strength, and humic substances on the stability of carbonate-coated Ag

271 OM isolates purchased from the International Humic Substances Society ranged from 16 to 34 kJ mol(-1)

272 ulvic acid (SRFA), which is an International Humic Substances Society standard, as well as Siberian c

273 Using International Humic Substances Society standards, Suwannee River fulvi

274 Similar behavior with humic substances suggests that they and BrC share a comm

275 substances demonstrates that, in all cases, humic substances suppressed Fe(II)-goethite reactivity.

276 While humic substances tend to decrease aggregation and deposi

277 ion in the presence and absence of different humic substances that significantly enhance the chloroth

278 mplicating fouling of the biochar surface by humic substances transferred through water.

279 carbon specific iron-binding capacity of the humic substances which was [L]/[Corg] = (0.80 +/- 0.20)

280 e redox properties of traditionally defined "humic substances".

281 tion of large-molecular-size and persistent 'humic substances' in soils.

282 Soil components (e.g., clays, bacteria and humic substances) are known to produce mineral-organic c

283 lity include complexation of As by dissolved humic substances, and competitive sorption and electron

284 Humic substances, polysaccharides, and proteins present

285 Humic substances, the main component of soil organic mat

286 oxybenzoic acid, as models for structures in humic substances, we found significantly higher formatio

287 nteract with natural organic matter (NOM) or humic substances, which will change their fate and trans

288 minescence evolution of Eu(III) complexed by humic substances--that is, the increase of the asymmetry

289 tified in the presence of well-characterized humic substances.

290 mainly driven by the quantity and quality of humic substances.

291 soil fulvic acid, an operational fraction of humic substances.

292 ototransformation and the photoreactivity of humic substances.

293 own to react by energy transfer from excited humic substances.

294 upramolecular assemblies thought to exist in humic substances.

295 s been surprisingly little-employed to study humic substances.

296 ugh sulfur K-edge XANES revealed that 36% of humic sulfur was in a reduced oxidation state.

297 four components were identified as microbial humic-, terrestrial humic-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan-li

298 tion and to energy transfer from the triplet humic to ground state chlorothalonil.

299 ifferent DOMs, from a high-colored DOM (more humic) to a low-colored DOM (less humic).

300 identified as microbial humic-, terrestrial humic-, tyrosine-, and tryptophan-like fluorescent signa