ライフサイエンスコーパス: hypoglossal

1 l branch of the vagus, glossopharyngeal, and hypoglossal.

2 receptor subtypes 2A, 2C, or 7 on intrinsic hypoglossal activity and on serotonin agonist (serotonin

3 Data show that the cell bodies of hypoglossal afferents are located in the dorsal root gan

4 The appearance of hypoglossal afferents coincides with the morphological a

5 oduct Fos in trigeminal regions that receive hypoglossal afferents from the tongue and syrinx (the ma

6 Furthermore, unilateral lesion of hypoglossal afferents greatly diminished singing-induced

7 esent study was to define anatomically these hypoglossal afferents in Rana pipiens.

8 The hypoglossal afferents, which terminate medially in the d

9 was evident until 2 months had elapsed when hypoglossal amplitudes were significantly decreased bila

10 We studied the responses of rat hypoglossal and cat lumbar motoneurones to a variety of

11 This suggests that hypoglossal and external intercostal motoneuron pools ar

12 translocation of caspase-7 and caspase-3 in hypoglossal and facial motoneurons.

13 There was also substantial loss of cranial (hypoglossal and facial) motoneurons in the muscle-defici

14 Stimulation of the hypoglossal and glossopharyngeus nerves caused greater i

15 One week post-surgery, LTF of hypoglossal and phrenic motor output was measured.

16 Aromatase levels in hypoglossal and phrenic nuclei did not change with age.

17 identified the rostrocaudal distribution of hypoglossal and trigeminal motor nuclei, and their senso

18 ent uptake of sulforhodamine 101, peripheral hypoglossal and trigeminal nerves involved with tongue a

19 The sensory fibers of the hypoglossal and trigeminal nerves were found projecting

20 cture that resonance properties in vibrissa, hypoglossal, and potentially other motoneurones, may ser

21 dal oropharynx with independent and combined hypoglossal branch stimulation and pharyngeal branch of

22 receptor antagonist) to brainstems increased hypoglossal burst frequency and amplitude, with peak dis

23 Our data demonstrate that the size of the hypoglossal canal does not reflect vocal capabilities or

24 er of axons it contains, and the size of the hypoglossal canal in a sample of cadavers.

25 based on the hypothesis that the size of the hypoglossal canal is indicative of speech capabilities.

26 Hypoglossal canal size has previously been used to date

27 indicative of speech was the assumption that hypoglossal canal size is correlated with hypoglossal ne

28 The basis for the hypothesis that hypoglossal canal size is indicative of speech was the a

29 The mammalian hypoglossal canal transmits the nerve that supplies the

30 The mammalian hypoglossal canal transmits the nerve that supplies the

31 of numerous nonhuman primate taxa that have hypoglossal canals in the modern human size range, both

32 canus, and Australopithecus boisei also have hypoglossal canals that, both absolutely and relative to

33 t, oculomotor/trochlear (cranial nerve 3/4), hypoglossal (cranial nerve 12) and lateral motor column

34 ntrast, trk-ir was no longer seen within the hypoglossal, cuneate, and gracile nuclei at this time po

35 st labeling included the trigeminal, facial, hypoglossal, dorsal vagal motor nuclei, medullary linear

36 e ventral horn of spinal cord and neurons in hypoglossal, facial, trigeminal, and abducens nuclei.

37 ion of respiratory motor output (phrenic and hypoglossal) following episodic hypoxia.

38 aneously from abdominal (AbN), phrenic (PN), hypoglossal (HN) and central vagus nerves from neonatal

39 report here a direct bilateral projection of hypoglossal internuclear interneurons onto facial motone

40 Hypoglossal internuclear interneurons projecting to the

41 e small in size, and, like classic intrinsic hypoglossal local-circuit interneurons, had several thin

42 nic (104 +/- 7% vs. 57 +/- 5%, P < 0.05) and hypoglossal LTF (46 +/- 13% vs. 28 +/- 10%; P < 0.05).

43 xpression of serotonin-dependent phrenic and hypoglossal LTF following AIH.

44 By comparison with control rats, hypoglossal LTF was increased in testosterone-treated ra

45 We measured synaptic currents in E18.5 hypoglossal MNs from brain slices using whole-cell patch

46 We show that hypoglossal MNs of mice lacking gephyrin display increas

47 nal (Mo5), facial (Mo7), ambiguus (Amb), and hypoglossal (Mo12) motor nuclei innervate jaw, facial, p

48 formed asymmetric synapses with HRP-labeled hypoglossal motoneuron dendrites.

49 are present in all three compartments of the hypoglossal motoneuron model.

50 There was no reduction in hypoglossal motoneuron soma number or in serotonergic po

51 ric and asymmetric synapses with HRP-labeled hypoglossal motoneuron somata and dendrites.

52 We conclude that hypoglossal motoneuronal activity is more strongly influ

53 ta demonstrate that raphe pallidus inputs to hypoglossal motoneurones are predominantly glutamatergic

54 hilst 5-HT has a direct excitatory action on hypoglossal motoneurones as a result of activation of 5-

55 ther observed that the membrane impedance of hypoglossal motoneurones from both newborn and young ani

56 n anaesthetics on the membrane properties of hypoglossal motoneurones in a neonatal rat brainstem sli

57 Whole cell recordings were made from hypoglossal motoneurones in vitro.

58 ded results similar to those obtained in rat hypoglossal motoneurones in vitro.

59 recordings of noise-driven discharge in rat hypoglossal motoneurones that support this alternative e

60 We studied the responses of rat hypoglossal motoneurones to excitatory current transient

61 ore to characterise raphe pallidus inputs to hypoglossal motoneurones.

62 onsible for the resultant disfacilitation of hypoglossal motoneurones.

63 plitude, of miniature glutamatergic EPSCs in hypoglossal motoneurones.

64 nd neurotransmitter-sensitive K+ currents in hypoglossal motoneurones.

65 a TTX-insensitive persistent Na+ current in hypoglossal motoneurones.

66 At neonatal stage, ROCKalpha is expressed in hypoglossal motoneurons (HMNs) and in their afferent inp

67 erotonin (5-HT) of neonatal and juvenile rat hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) by using intracellular rec

68 it distribution, we voltage clamped juvenile hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) from the ventrolateral and

69 whole-cell patch-clamp recordings from mouse hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) in an in vitro slice prepa

70 Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) in postnatal day 4 (P4)-P1

71 s to investigate the actions of clonidine on hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) in rat brainstem slices.

72 Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs) innervate tongue muscles a

73 nd target for neurotransmitter modulation in hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs).

74 Inspiratory hypoglossal motoneurons (IHMNs) innervate the muscles of

75 Recent experiments on hypoglossal motoneurons and cerebellar granule cells sug

76 interactions between functionally identified hypoglossal motoneurons and DOR terminals, and that enke

77 inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in hypoglossal motoneurons and its modulation by serotonin.

78 plasmic reticulum (ER) kinase] in facial and hypoglossal motoneurons and persistent upregulation of C

79 facilitatory effect on both ventral horn and hypoglossal motoneurons and that this disfacilitatory me

80 Hypoglossal motoneurons driving tongue protrudor and ret

81 ly distributed on the soma-dendritic tree of hypoglossal motoneurons during AS-carbachol.

82 The control of hypoglossal motoneurons during sleep is important from a

83 using whole cell patch-clamp recordings from hypoglossal motoneurons in the neonatal rat brainstem sl

84 Ultrastructural analysis of rough ER in hypoglossal motoneurons revealed hypoxia/reoxygenation-i

85 We tested whether neonatal rat hypoglossal motoneurons target retrogradely transported

86 During AS-carbachol, 86% of the recorded hypoglossal motoneurons were found to be postsynapticall

87 These studies demonstrate that hypoglossal motoneurons which innervate the major protru

88 Following sciatic nerve stimulation, hypoglossal motoneurons which responded with a depolariz

89 ed cats, we recorded intracellularly from 26 hypoglossal motoneurons which were antidromically activa

90 both the somata and dendrites of HRP-labeled hypoglossal motoneurons with a preponderance of the cont

91 ic contacts with the somata and dendrites of hypoglossal motoneurons with asymmetric specializations.

92 some of which projected to the pre-BotC and hypoglossal motoneurons, colocalized 5-HT and SP, and re

93 In hypoglossal motoneurons, the amplitude of these minimal

94 ensitivities of native TASK-like currents in hypoglossal motoneurons, which strongly express TASK-1 a

95 somata and primary dendrites of HRP-labeled hypoglossal motoneurons.

96 nnections from the supratrigeminal region to hypoglossal motoneurons.

97 njected into the ipsilateral tongue to label hypoglossal motoneurons.

98 drites (61%, 68/112) of retrogradely labeled hypoglossal motoneurons.

99 midal neurons, inferior olivary neurons, and hypoglossal motoneurons.

100 ure select populations of neurons, including hypoglossal motoneurons.

101 F or Met showed defects in the navigation of hypoglossal motor axons into the branchial region.

102 (1) robustly promoted the growth of lesioned hypoglossal motor axons, (2) altered the expression and

103 ant excitatory serotonin receptor subtype at hypoglossal motor neurons.

104 nist and antagonist microinjections into the hypoglossal motor nuclei in adult rats exposed to 3 week

105 In trigeminal and hypoglossal motor nuclei of adult cats, hypocretin immun

106 ciated proteins in the developing facial and hypoglossal motor nuclei were examined in the Brazilian

107 sal nerves stimulation labeled the bilateral hypoglossal motor nuclei, the trigeminal motor nuclei, t

108 emistry in the mouse trigeminal, facial, and hypoglossal motor nuclei.

109 the pre-Botzinger complex (pre-BotC) and the hypoglossal motor nucleus (XIIMN), which are neuronal po

110 rons within the tracheosyringeal part of the hypoglossal motor nucleus (XIIts).

111 In contrast, the hypoglossal motor nucleus displayed immunoreactivity fro

112 rom the supratrigeminal region (Vsup) to the hypoglossal motor nucleus were studied in rats using ant

113 eactivity was also common in neurones of the hypoglossal motor nucleus, inferior olive, hippocampus a

114 The lesion did not prevent growth of the hypoglossal motor nucleus, which does not receive direct

115 o the dorsal and ventral compartments of the hypoglossal motor nucleus.

116 eus compared to synaptogenetic events in the hypoglossal motor nucleus.

117 negative pressure-related information to the hypoglossal motor nucleus.

118 y in the reticular formation adjacent to the hypoglossal motor nucleus.

119 months), male rats no longer exhibit LTF of hypoglossal motor output; phrenic LTF is significantly r

120 w that muscarinic receptor antagonism at the hypoglossal motor pool prevents the inhibition of geniog

121 rgic-GIRK channel mechanism operating at the hypoglossal motor pool that has its largest inhibitory i

122 Microdialysis probes were implanted into the hypoglossal motor pool.

123 ction and mastication, including the facial, hypoglossal, motor trigeminal, and dorsal motor vagus nu

124 y activated by designer drug (DREADD) in the hypoglossal motorneurons.

125 n we (i) attempted to redirect hypobranchial/hypoglossal muscle precursors towards various attractant

126 oat and tongue (hypopharyngeal/hypobranchial/hypoglossal muscle precursors, HMP) that take a stereoty

127 specific reduction of body wall muscles and hypoglossal muscles originating from the somites.

128 sites is found for all branchial and tongue (hypoglossal) muscles.

129 insufficiency, as evidenced by a loss of the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII) in embryos from th

130 iratory-related rhythmic motor activity from hypoglossal nerve (XIIn) and patch-clamped preBotC inspi

131 iratory-related rhythmic motor output in the hypoglossal nerve (XIIn) to 84 % (without IBMX) and to 7

132 .001) and suppressed serotonin excitation of hypoglossal nerve activity (p < 0.05).

133 The 2C antagonist, SB-242084, dropped hypoglossal nerve activity 17 +/- 6% (p < 0.05) and supp

134 tivation, increased the respiratory rate and hypoglossal nerve activity, induced c-fos expression in

135 analysis of MVBs in the normal postnatal rat hypoglossal nerve and under a variety of experimental co

136 o the magnitude of motor output; respiratory hypoglossal nerve discharge decreased and its frequency

137 hesize that the presence of afferents in the hypoglossal nerve is a derived characteristic of anurans

138 from stimulation of the medial branch of the hypoglossal nerve is predominantly due to ventral displa

139 suggested that afferents are present in the hypoglossal nerve of the leopard frog, Rana pipiens.

140 2A antagonist, MDL-100907, dropped intrinsic hypoglossal nerve respiratory activity by 61 +/- 6% (p <

141 ersus heteroreceptor effects of 8-OH-DPAT on hypoglossal nerve respiratory output.

142 weeks of intermittent hypoxia showed reduced hypoglossal nerve responsiveness (logEC50) for serotonin

143 at hypoglossal canal size is correlated with hypoglossal nerve size, which in turn is related to tong

144 Hypoglossal nerve stimulation is a useful second-line th

145 ral and central endings of the branch of the hypoglossal nerve that supplies the syrinx, the tracheos

146 s via retrograde axonal transport within the hypoglossal nerve to the hypoglossal nucleus.

147 Lesion of the hypoglossal nerve to the syrinx greatly disrupted vocal

148 rupted vocal behavior, whereas lesion of the hypoglossal nerve to the tongue exerted no obvious disru

149 en the drug was administered after bilateral hypoglossal nerve transection.

150 y neurons from the tongue that ascend in the hypoglossal nerve were identified and described in the l

151 ats underwent unilateral transections of the hypoglossal nerve, followed by intramedullary grafts of

152 apparent correlation between the size of the hypoglossal nerve, or the number of axons it contains, a

153 e later emerging HMP, neural crest cells and hypoglossal nerve.

154 either the medial or lateral branches of the hypoglossal nerve.

155 ioral data obtained after transection of the hypoglossal nerve.

156 fibers from the third spinal nerve into the hypoglossal nerve.

157 nal nerve and from the lingual branch of the hypoglossal nerve.

158 but not exclusively, via stimulation of the hypoglossal nerves and also increases upstream resistanc

159 f transecting the cervical strap muscles and hypoglossal nerves on airflow dynamics during hypercapni

160 hodamine 101 uptake after the trigeminal and hypoglossal nerves stimulation labeled the bilateral hyp

161 cular septal defect, abnormal development of hypoglossal nerves, and defective remodeling of the aort

162 nd N-methyl-D-aspartate excitatory output of hypoglossal nerves, and that reduced excitatory responsi

163 With stimulation of the hypoglossal nerves, greater increases in area in these r

164 transecting either the strap muscles or the hypoglossal nerves.

165 e, we recorded ipsilateral and contralateral hypoglossal neurograms during hypercapnia.

166 ed the cholinergic phenotype in 84 +/- 6% of hypoglossal neurons compared with 39 +/- 6% in control a

167 forebrain, the torus semicircularis, and the hypoglossal nuclei (nXII).

168 merald, and Fluoro-Gold) into the facial and hypoglossal nuclei of the rat, we report here a direct b

169 of different tracers into the facial and the hypoglossal nuclei revealed a small, but constant, numbe

170 The oculomotor and hypoglossal nuclei showed less extreme involvement (<10%

171 ear, solitary, raphe, spinal trigeminal, and hypoglossal nuclei, as well as the vestibular complex an

172 ar formation that project to both facial and hypoglossal nuclei, could be involved in oro-facial coor

173 hat project ipsilaterally to both facial and hypoglossal nuclei.

174 litary tract nucleus, dorsal vagal motor and hypoglossal nuclei.

175 of the disease, the oculomotor, facial, and hypoglossal nuclei.

176 tor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) and the hypoglossal nucleus (HN).

177 phenotypes to the motor trigeminal (mV) and hypoglossal nucleus (mXII) has not been fully evaluated.

178 urons and premotor projection neurons to the hypoglossal nucleus (mXII) retrogradely labeled with Flu

179 the enkephalinergic (ENK) innervation of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXII) in the rat was organized diff

180 increase in serotonergic innervation of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXII).

181 The tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus (nXIIts), which receives projections

182 g density was observed across infancy in the hypoglossal nucleus (regression slope coefficient = 0.00

183 otor nucleus (Vmo), facial nucleus (VII) and hypoglossal nucleus (XII) are also located in the PCRt a

184 axons and axon terminals bilaterally in the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) as well as other regions of th

185 alic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) neurons to the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) motoneurons was studied using

186 orsal PCRt neurons to the motoneurons of the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) were examined at both the ligh

187 control the tongue musculature, namely, the hypoglossal nucleus (XIIN); however, virtually nothing i

188 ns (MNs) in the tracheosyringeal part of the hypoglossal nucleus (XIIts) that receive their synaptic

189 - injections of anterograde tracers into the hypoglossal nucleus - labeled fine varicose nerve fiber

190 ephalin-containing neuronal afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus also contain serotonin.

191 he caudal raphe nuclei that projected to the hypoglossal nucleus also contained serotonin.

192 ffects of 3AP at the IO, and possibly at the hypoglossal nucleus and other sites.

193 ilst rarer in the lateral reticular nucleus, hypoglossal nucleus and raphe nucleus.

194 rotonin release of similar magnitude in both hypoglossal nucleus and spinal cord.

195 of cytoplasmic human TDP-43, only MNs in the hypoglossal nucleus and the SC are lost after 8 weeks of

196 suggest that substance P projections to the hypoglossal nucleus are a subset of serotonergic project

197 ce of TME in the brain stem was found in the hypoglossal nucleus at 2 weeks postinfection.

198 on of upper airway (UA) motor neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus by a selective serotonin reuptake in

199 tance P-containing neuronal afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus colocalize serotonin.

200 glycine receptor alpha1 subunits in the rat hypoglossal nucleus during postnatal development.

201 For example, the Forum recognized that the hypoglossal nucleus had been incorrectly identified as t

202 urons in the DMV, NA, RO, in addition to the hypoglossal nucleus in 12 LBD patients.

203 brain atlas, and what was identified as the hypoglossal nucleus in that atlas should instead be call

204 NS, layer 2/3 of the neocortex (NCX) and the hypoglossal nucleus in the brainstem (XII).

205 atively moderate and late involvement of the hypoglossal nucleus indicates that, although the general

206 enkephalins acting on DOR but not MOR in the hypoglossal nucleus may play a role in the control of to

207 l), with a trend toward fewer neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus of animals with severe facial nucleu

208 P) were stereotactically administered to the hypoglossal nucleus of C57BL/6J mice.

209 id receptor (MOR) containing elements in the hypoglossal nucleus of the adult cat; and (2) the associ

210 s in the ventral horn of the spinal cord and hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla.

211 The serotonergic innervation of the hypoglossal nucleus originates from the caudal raphe nuc

212 zation of serotonin receptor subtypes in the hypoglossal nucleus provides a focus for the development

213 The hypoglossal nucleus received bilateral input from the fa

214 njection of ROCK or MLCK inhibitors into the hypoglossal nucleus reduced or increased, respectively,

215 microinjection of 5-HT2 antagonists into the hypoglossal nucleus reduces motor activity to a much les

216 ral hypothalamus neurons that project to the hypoglossal nucleus some were determined to be hypocreti

217 release in the ventral horn with that in the hypoglossal nucleus to determine whether the mechanism o

218 Protein kinase C activity within the hypoglossal nucleus was increased after long-term interm

219 number of motoneurons in the facial but not hypoglossal nucleus was significantly reduced.

220 The corticobulbar projection to the hypoglossal nucleus was studied from the frontal, pariet

221 motoneurons in the dorsal subdivision of the hypoglossal nucleus were demonstrated using tetramethyl

222 d into neighboring nuclei (nucleus gracilis, hypoglossal nucleus) served as controls.

223 n neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius, hypoglossal nucleus, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vag

224 terminals were found at the EM level in the hypoglossal nucleus, and none of these terminals contact

225 ne latex microspheres were injected into the hypoglossal nucleus, and then serotonin and peptide dual

226 the pre-Botzinger complex, nucleus ambiguus, hypoglossal nucleus, and ventrolateral subnucleus of sol

227 parent at the light microscopic level in the hypoglossal nucleus, but MOR-like immunoreactive process

228 ain cell groups that directly project to the hypoglossal nucleus, indicating the transneuronal spread

229 as one of the premotor neuronal pools of the hypoglossal nucleus, may coordinate and modulate the act

230 trol system (tracheosyringeal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus, nXIIts, and the syrinx, or vocal or

231 ith cardiopulmonary regulation including the hypoglossal nucleus, subnuclei of the nucleus of the sol

232 With the exception of the hypoglossal nucleus, where 5-HT1A receptor binding incre

233 lation in the tracheosyringal portion of the hypoglossal nucleus, which innervates the syrinx (the av

234 ll drugs were injected unilaterally into the hypoglossal nucleus.

235 no evidence for serotonin 7 activity in the hypoglossal nucleus.

236 ransport within the hypoglossal nerve to the hypoglossal nucleus.

237 nucleus consistently labeled neurons in the hypoglossal nucleus.

238 -human primate cerebral cortex innervate the hypoglossal nucleus.

239 s, dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus, or hypoglossal nucleus.

240 solitarii (nTS), whereas it decreased in the hypoglossal nucleus.

241 c and serotonergic neuronal afferents to the hypoglossal nucleus.

242 the caudal raphe nuclei also project to the hypoglossal nucleus.

243 serotonergic caudal raphe projections to the hypoglossal nucleus.

244 ctions and the enkephalin projections to the hypoglossal nucleus.

245 leus, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and hypoglossal nucleus.

246 y enlarged corticobulbar tract ending in the hypoglossal nucleus.

247 ller, which is located ventro-lateral to the hypoglossal nucleus.

248 he DMV followed by the NA, RO, but never the hypoglossal nucleus.

249 he dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus and the hypoglossal nucleus.

250 entral and ventrolateral subdivisions of the hypoglossal nucleus.

251 motoneuronal dendrites and perikarya in the hypoglossal nucleus.

252 he phrenic motor function data, no change in hypoglossal output was evident until 2 months had elapse

253 rostral part of M2, with considerably fewer hypoglossal projections arising from the other cortical

254 intermittent hypoxia did not appear to alter hypoglossal response to alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-methylisox

255 atory-related activity was recorded from the hypoglossal rootlet of 700- to 800-microm medullary sect

256 nt to induce serotonin-dependent phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) LTF in anaesthetized rats.

257 n in shaping and gating inspiratory drive to hypoglossal (XII) motoneuronal activity.

258 ting spontaneous respiratory-related rhythm, hypoglossal (XII) motoneuronal inspiratory drive current

259 Hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons (MNs) innervate the geniog

260 tsynaptic 5-HT type 2 (5-HT(2)) receptors on hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons leads to long-lasting incr

261 tic enhancement of AMPA receptor function in hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons that can be induced by int

262 opulations of brainstem respiratory neurons, hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons, and rhythmogenic (type-1)

263 onin (5-HT)-dependent synaptic plasticity in hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons, which control tongue musc

264 PKA activity, affecting inspiratory drive in hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons.

265 complex (pre-BotC) through premotoneurons to hypoglossal (XII) motoneurons.

266 500 microM) pressure microinjection into the hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus (100-500 nl; pH = 7.2-7.

267 having axonal branches in the region of the hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus and assess their behavio

268 retains the preBotC, the respiratory-related hypoglossal (XII) motor nucleus and XII premotor circuit

269 distribution, we measured respiratory LTF in hypoglossal (XII) motor output.

270 rats while monitoring integrated phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) motor output.

271 Integrated phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) nerve activities were measured before

272 Integrated phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) nerve activities were measured before,

273 Hypoglossal (XII) nerve activity was unaffected, suggest

274 2), 5 min intervals), integrated phrenic and hypoglossal (XII) nerve burst amplitudes were increased

275 n to rhythmogenesis, we compared preBotC and hypoglossal (XII) nerve motor activity in medullary slic

276 and stimulus conditions (volume paired with hypoglossal (XII) nerve stimulation).

277 atory-related rhythm and motor output in the hypoglossal (XII) nerve.

278 ibution of GG motoneurons (GGMNs) within the hypoglossal (XII) nucleus has not been studied in the ad

279 ency, whereas injection into the ipsilateral hypoglossal (XII) nucleus induced tonic/seizure-like act

280 active during inspiration and project to the hypoglossal (XII) nucleus that contains motoneurons impo

281 collaterals to areas containing inspiratory hypoglossal (XII) premotoneurons and motoneurons.

282 s (P) 0-22) spontaneous rhythmic activity in hypoglossal (XII) rootlets that occur in synchrony with

283 We studied the influence of selective hypoglossal (XIIth) nerve stimulation on tongue movement