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   1  (cleft palate, cleft lip, anal atresia, and hypospadias).                                           
     2  anomalies, especially cryptorchidism and/or hypospadias.                                            
     3 re older (p = 0.048) compared with boys with hypospadias.                                            
     4 , all of which have been implicated in human hypospadias.                                            
     5 ght into possible genetic mechanisms causing hypospadias.                                            
     6 such as cryptorchidism, urethral defects and hypospadias.                                            
     7 e-scale analysis of phytoestrogen intake and hypospadias.                                            
     8 sures to estrogenic compounds impact risk of hypospadias.                                            
     9 lies cryptorchidism (undescended testis) and hypospadias.                                            
    10 cellent outcomes for distal but not proximal hypospadias.                                            
    11 yndrome disorders, namely cryptorchidism and hypospadias.                                            
    12 tween chlordane levels and cryptorchidism or hypospadias.                                            
    13 ion during the external genital phase causes hypospadias.                                            
    14 ween placental weight and cryptorchidism and hypospadias.                                            
    15 tract, including digit loss, syndactyly, and hypospadias.                                            
    16 wth factor receptor 2 (Fgfr2) exhibit severe hypospadias.                                            
    17 be the best approach for midshaft and distal hypospadias.                                            
    18 m a completely female appearance to isolated hypospadias.                                            
    19 hat included vaginal and uterine defects and hypospadias.                                            
    20  (1.9%), breast mass (1.2%), club foot (1%), hypospadias (0.6%), hydrocephalus (0.6%), cleft lip or p
    21 eo-oesophageal anomalies (2.25 [0.96-5.26]), hypospadias (1.96 [0.98-3.92]), and gastroschisis (3.19 
  
  
  
    25 ng follow-up, 1,713 boys were diagnosed with hypospadias and 6,878 with cryptorchidism (3,624 underwe
  
    27 ow window of prenatal development results in hypospadias and chordee, whereas earlier disruptions cau
    28 g window did blocking androgen action induce hypospadias and cryptorchidism and altered penile length
  
    30 sduce develop with variably penetrant severe hypospadias and incomplete midline fusion of the primiti
    31 types: endodermal Fgfr2 deletion causes mild hypospadias and inhibits maturation of a complex urethra
    32 dation, microcephaly, digital abnormalities, hypospadias and loose connective tissue) and resemble on
    33 s in select reproductive organs (e.g. penile hypospadias and prostate dysgenesis but normal testis), 
  
    35 developmental link between Hoxa13-associated hypospadias and those produced by antagonists to androge
    36 h hypospadias and so-called 'chordee without hypospadias', and so its correction is a topic of releva
  
    38  crypt-orchidism, 1.2 (95% CI: 0.6, 2.4) for hypospadias, and 1.9 (95% CI: 0.9, 4.0) for polythelia. 
  
    40 7,20-lyase deficiency, including micropenis, hypospadias, and gynecomastia, who is homozygous for CYP
    41 irth, the 46,XY proband had a bifid scrotum, hypospadias, and micropenis consistent with clinical sta
  
  
  
    45 sm were longer than mean values in boys with hypospadias (both p < 0.01) and shorter than mean values
    46 al defect characterized by hypertelorism and hypospadias, but additional midline malformations are al
    47  developmental factors in the development of hypospadias, but there is doubt whether the incidence of
    48 e analysis included data on mothers of 1,250 hypospadias cases and 3,118 controls who delivered their
  
  
  
    52 ed with many common birth defects, including hypospadias, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, or 
  
    54  reproductive tract abnormalities (including hypospadias, cryptorchidism, hypospermatogenesis, and te
    55 en external urogenital and anorectal tracts; hypospadias - ectopic ventral positioning of the urethra
    56  of a small utricle (not in the patient with hypospadias), ejaculatory duct reflux, internal urachal 
    57 rgical techniques for treating patients with hypospadias, exstrophy, incontinence, and ambiguous or v
  
  
    60 52, 95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.76) and hypospadias (hazard ratio = 1.97, 95% confidence interva
    61 deletion of Fgfr2 results in the most severe hypospadias highlights a major role for Fgfr2 in the dev
    62 mass, obstetric fistula, undescended testes, hypospadias, hydrocephalus, cleft lip or palate, and clu
    63 ses, obstetric fistulas, undescended testes, hypospadias, hydrocephalus, cleft lip/palate, and clubfo
  
    65 beta-catenin knockout animals develop severe hypospadias in both sexes raises the possibility that th
  
    67  Fgfr2 or its ligand Fgf10 results in severe hypospadias in mice, in which the entire urethral plate 
    68 nor abnormalities at or shortly after birth (hypospadias in one baby and rotation of small intestine 
  
    70  patient presented with developmental delay, hypospadias, inguinal hernia and dysmorphic features whi
    71 cele [adult and paediatric]), hydrocephalus, hypospadias, injuries or wounds, neck mass, undescended 
  
  
  
  
  
    77 of FK506-binding protein-52 (Fkbp52) develop hypospadias, most likely due to actions of Fkbp52 as a m
    78 d adjusted odds of cryptorchidism (n = 219), hypospadias (n = 199), and polythelia (extra nipples) (n
    79 chidism (n = 71, age 13.4 +/- 5.8 months) or hypospadias (n = 81, age 11.4 +/- 6.2 months) were recru
  
  
    82  and penile length were reduced in boys with hypospadias or cryptorchidism relative to normative data
    83 rders of fetal masculinization, resulting in hypospadias or cryptorchidism, are common, but their cau
  
  
    86 expression in the urethra, and an associated hypospadias phenotype, suggesting that these genes are d
    87  The use of engineered tissue substitutes in hypospadias reconstruction has also been applied clinica
    88 as challenged more traditional approaches to hypospadias repair and is now considered by many pediatr
  
  
    91   After more than 100 years of innovation in hypospadias repair, new concepts regarding penile curvat
  
    93  quartile-specific ORs for cryptorchidism or hypospadias show no notable associations with trans-nona
  
  
  
    97 le to simplify decision-making algorithms in hypospadias surgery, while achieving good functional and
  
  
   100 cial support with risks of gastroschisis and hypospadias, using data from the National Birth Defects 
   101 in the bladder wall; affected males may have hypospadias (ventrally misplaced urethral opening) of va
  
  
   104 AGD in human infants with cryptorchidism and hypospadias, which are potential manifestations of TDS d
   105  surgical techniques have been developed for hypospadias, with excellent outcomes for distal but not 
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