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1 iPLA(2) can be activated by caspase-3 via a proteolytic
2 iPLA(2)beta and any associated proteins were then displa
3 iPLA(2)beta or cPLA(2)alpha antisense ODN-treated adopti
4 iPLA(2)beta-KO mice developed age-dependent neurological
5 iPLA(2)beta-KO mice will be useful for further studies o
6 iPLA(2)beta-null macrophages are also less sensitive to
7 iPLA(2)gamma activity was monitored by quantifying prost
8 iPLA2 localized to mitochondria even before apoptotic in
10 propose the first structural model of GVIA-2 iPLA(2) as well as the interfacial lipid binding region.
11 uterium exchange experiments with the GVIA-2 iPLA(2) in the presence of both phospholipid substrate a
12 a(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (GVIA-2 iPLA(2)) is composed of seven consecutive N-terminal ank
13 p VIA Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) by fluoroketone (FK) ligands is examined by a c
14 VI Ca(2)(+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) is a water-soluble enzyme that is active when a
15 that calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) is involved in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).
17 of a calcium-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)), and this leads to arachidonic acid release and
18 ively inhibiting calcium-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) activity and absent in macrophages isolated fro
19 trophils with the Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) completely su
20 anipulation of Group VIA phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)beta) activity in pancreatic islets and insulinom
26 reported that Group VIA phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)beta) is required for this response, but the spec
27 lving Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)beta)-mediated ceramide generation, but the mecha
28 by a Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)beta)-mediated mechanism that promotes ceramide g
29 ore calcium-independent phospholipases A(2) (iPLA(2)s) participate in the regulation of vascular tone
30 kout (KO) mice lacking the group VIA PLA(2) (iPLA(2)beta), which participates in a variety of signali
31 ng a calcium-independent phospholipase A(2), iPLA2-VIA, which also prevents cardiolipin depletion/mon
32 calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (Ca(2+)-iPLA2) activity by MJ33 on fertilization competence of m
34 nclusion, the inhibition of the PRDX6 Ca(2+)-iPLA2 activity promotes an oxidative stress affecting vi
35 up VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA(2)beta), were recently identified in patients with
36 F) and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) in activation of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRA
37 6a and calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) in Golgi enzyme recycling, and show that retrogra
38 the mechanisms by which complement activates iPLA(2)gamma provides opportunities for development of n
39 lar myocytes with SERCA inhibitors activates iPLA(2)beta, resulting in hydrolysis of arachidonic acid
46 negative SREBP-1 reduces basal mSREBP-1 and iPLA(2)beta in the Akita cells and suppresses increases
47 Moreover, increases in iPLA(2) activity and iPLA(2)beta protein expression are also observed in both
48 ree fatty acid and a 2-lysophospholipid, and iPLA(2)beta has been reported to participate in apoptosi
49 activated by the store-operated pathway, and iPLA(2)beta as an essential component of signal transduc
51 on the functional roles of Orai1, STIM1 and iPLA(2)beta, and will address some specific questions ab
53 and the calcium-independent PLA2s (cPLA2 and iPLA2), are key enzymes mediating oligomeric amyloid-bet
54 genous iPLA2 transcription in both INS-1 and iPLA2-expressing INS-1 cells without affecting the expre
55 e major intracellular PLA2s, cPLA2alpha, and iPLA2, generate arachidonic acid and lysophosphatic acid
58 selective), but not its enantiomer, (S)-BEL (iPLA(2)beta selective) or pyrrolidine (cytosolic PLA(2)a
59 aphthalenyl)-2H-tetrahydropyran-2-one (BEL) (iPLA(2)gamma selective), but not its enantiomer, (S)-BEL
60 Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) beta (iPLA(2)beta or PLA2g6A), or depletion of plasma membrane
61 calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)beta (iPLA(2)beta) is required for high glucose-induced RhoA/R
62 [calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)beta (iPLA(2)beta)] is important in regulating extracellular l
65 ly identical under normal circumstances, but iPLA(2)beta-null mice develop more severe hyperglycemia
67 tion and nuclear localization are blocked by iPLA(2)beta pharmacologic inhibition or genetic ablation
68 red PLA(2) activity and PGI(2) production by iPLA(2)beta-KO cells were suppressed by pretreatment wit
71 first demonstration of a role for host cell iPLA(2)beta in cancer, and these findings suggest that i
73 icantly advance our understanding of the CIF-iPLA2-dependent mechanism of activation of ICRAC and sto
74 occurs with time- and temperature-dependent iPLA(2)beta inactivation that is attenuated by DTT or AT
76 g RNA-mediated down-regulation of endogenous iPLA(2) expression in ovarian carcinoma HEY cells result
78 we found that STS down-regulated endogenous iPLA2 transcription in both INS-1 and iPLA2-expressing I
79 rticipates in a variety of signaling events; iPLA(2)beta mRNA is expressed in bones of wild-type (WT)
80 enates from transgenic myocardium expressing iPLA(2)gamma resulted in 13- and 25-fold increases in th
83 ether, our results identify a novel role for iPLA(2)-catalyzed AA release and its metabolism by 12/15
88 Here we report that pancreatic islets from iPLA(2)beta-null mice have impaired insulin secretory re
89 mulated lung endothelial cells isolated from iPLA(2)beta-knockout (KO) and wild type (WT) mice with t
90 rometry of skeletal muscle mitochondria from iPLA(2)gamma(-/-) mice demonstrated marked decreases in
95 of these findings, cytochrome c release from iPLA(2)gamma(-/-) mitochondria was dramatically decrease
97 alcium-independent phospholipase A(2) gamma (iPLA(2)gamma), which possesses dual mitochondrial and pe
98 calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)gamma (iPLA(2)gamma(-/-)) are completely resistant to high fat
99 Calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)gamma (iPLA(2)gamma) (PNPLA8) is the predominant phospholipase
100 calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)gamma (iPLA(2)gamma) is a critical mechanistic participant in t
101 calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)gamma (iPLA(2)gamma) results in profound alterations in hippoca
102 calcium-independent phospholipase A(2)gamma (iPLA(2)gamma), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MA
104 the Drosophila homologue of the PLA2G6 gene, iPLA2-VIA, results in reduced survival, locomotor defici
107 g free carboxylic groups do not inhibit GVIA iPLA(2) and are, therefore, selective GIVA cPLA(2) inhib
109 Although the most potent inhibitors of GVIA iPLA(2) also inhibited GIVA cPLA(2), there were three 2-
112 her keto-1,2,4-oxadiazole inhibitor for GVIA iPLA2, which will serve as lead compounds for future dev
115 ular, the Group VIA phospholipase A(2) (GVIA-iPLA(2)) subfamily of enzymes functions independently of
116 the closest C. elegans homolog of human GVIA-iPLA(2) enzymes and use a combination of liposome intera
122 pathogenesis of Barth syndrome and identify iPLA2-VIA as an important enzyme in cardiolipin deacylat
123 l interactions, we have used immunocompetent iPLA(2)beta knockout (iPLA(2)beta(-/-)) mice and the mou
124 of Asp(513) (a cleavage site of caspase-3 in iPLA(2)) to Ala blocks laminin-10/11-induced cleavage an
126 1), but not beta(4), integrin is involved in iPLA(2) activation and cell migration to laminin-10/11.
128 but only caspase-3 cleavage is amplified in iPLA(2)beta overexpressing INS-1 cells (OE), relative to
129 tic SMCs that was dramatically attenuated in iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice (>80% reduction at 5 min; p < 0.01
130 H]AA release upon FCL, this is attenuated in iPLA(2)beta-null macrophages and increases toward WT lev
131 , and restoring expression of iPLA(2)beta in iPLA(2)beta-deficient cells also restores high glucose-i
133 pocyte triglyceride content was identical in iPLA(2)gamma(-/-) mice fed either a standard diet or a h
134 ta cells and is associated with increases in iPLA(2)beta, mSREBP-1, and NSMase in both WT and Akita c
135 o induces more severe glucose intolerance in iPLA(2)beta-null mice than in wild-type mice, but PLA(2)
137 terations in hippocampal lipid metabolism in iPLA(2)gamma(-/-) mice including: 1) a markedly elevated
142 enesis and ascites formation were reduced in iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice
143 ed by pharmacologic or genetic reductions in iPLA(2)beta activity and amplified by iPLA(2)beta overex
146 lycerophosphocholine lipids is unimpaired in iPLA(2)beta-null macrophages upon electrospray ionizatio
148 rations of H(2)O(2), NO, and HOCl inactivate iPLA(2)beta, and this can be partially reversed by dithi
150 , and PCR confirmed that there was increased iPLA(2) activity and expression in neutrophils from peop
151 We demonstrate that high glucose increases iPLA(2)beta mRNA, protein, and iPLA(2) activity in a tim
152 ed by inhibitors of the calcium-independent (iPLA2) form of the enzyme, whereas responses to menthol
156 esults in augmentation of ER stress-induced, iPLA(2)beta-catalyzed hydrolysis of arachidonic acid fro
157 insulinoma cells to oxidative stress induces iPLA(2)beta oligomerization, loss of activity, and subce
160 ed fatty acids, including AA, and inhibiting iPLA(2)beta prevents the muscarinic agonist-induced acce
161 , all of which were suppressed by inhibiting iPLA(2)beta activity or expression with bromoenol lacton
163 e used immunocompetent iPLA(2)beta knockout (iPLA(2)beta(-/-)) mice and the mouse EOC cell line ID8.
164 tor abnormalities seen in aged flies lacking iPLA2-VIA gene function, and restore mitochondrial membr
165 h glucose-induced, protein kinase C-mediated iPLA(2)beta up-regulation activates the RhoA/Rho kinase/
166 these results demonstrate that mitochondrial iPLA(2)gamma is activated by divalent cations and inhibi
169 ia even before apoptotic induction, and most iPLA2-associated mitochondria were intact in apoptotic r
170 d genetic inhibition of iPLA(2)beta, but not iPLA(2)gamma, diminishes diabetes-associated vascular sm
173 enol lactone (BEL), a selective inhibitor of iPLA(2), significantly inhibited EOC metastatic tumor gr
175 tify novel signaling and functional loops of iPLA(2) activation leading to migration of non-apoptotic
177 D) simulations to build structural models of iPLA(2) in association with a phospholipid bilayer.
178 This study provides evidence for the role of iPLA(2) in enhanced superoxide generation in neutrophils
180 origin, our findings suggest that absence of iPLA(2)beta causes abnormalities in osteoblast function
181 dels to demonstrate the robust activation of iPLA(2)gamma in murine myocardial mitochondria by Ca(2+)
182 Thus, complement-mediated activation of iPLA(2)gamma is mediated via ERK and p38 pathways, and p
184 ting and fed blood glucose concentrations of iPLA(2)beta-null and wild-type mice are essentially iden
186 by FCL or thapsigargin but that deletion of iPLA(2)beta does not impair macrophage arachidonate inco
187 rmation is suppressed by genetic deletion of iPLA(2)beta or by inhibiting its activity or expression
188 ng signaling events that occur downstream of iPLA(2)beta activation, we found that p38 MAPK is activa
189 ate that p38 MAPK is activated downstream of iPLA(2)beta in beta-cells incubated with insulin secreta
190 te that smooth muscle-specific expression of iPLA(2)beta exacerbates ligation-induced neointima forma
191 I-17 activation, and restoring expression of iPLA(2)beta in iPLA(2)beta-deficient cells also restores
193 by forskolin, as well as by inactivation of iPLA(2)beta or NSMase, suggesting that iPLA(2)beta-media
195 Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of iPLA(2)beta, but not iPLA(2)gamma, diminishes diabetes-a
202 rombin and tryptase to determine the role of iPLA(2)beta in endothelial cell membrane phospholipid hy
204 hese results identify the obligatory role of iPLA(2)gamma in neuronal mitochondrial lipid metabolism
209 in Chagas' disease and a known activator of iPLA2, increased AA and PGE2 release, accompanied by pla
213 Furthermore, we demonstrate that loss of iPLA2-VIA function leads to a number of mitochondrial ab
216 bly transfected INS-1 cells that overexpress iPLA(2)beta hydrolyze phospholipids more rapidly than co
218 GE(2) was amplified in GECs that overexpress iPLA(2)gamma, compared with control cells, and was block
220 ced cleavage and activation of overexpressed iPLA(2), whereas mutation of Asp(733) to Ala has no such
221 and forskolin is amplified by overexpressing iPLA(2)beta in INS-1 cells and in mouse islets, and the
222 hemotaxis, Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase (iPLA(2)beta) and cytosolic phospholipase (cPLA(2)alpha),
223 ate whether group VIA Ca2+-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) plays a role in the protection of mitochondrial f
225 2g5, 12a, and 12b), cPLA2 isoform (pla2g4a), iPLA2 isoform (pla2g6), and PLA2-receptor (pla2r1) were
226 es or thapsigargin, that this requires prior iPLA(2)beta activation, and that p38 MAPK is involved in
227 possibility, we find that ER stress promotes iPLA(2)beta accumulation in the mitochondria, opening of
229 er receptor A ligand fucoidan, and restoring iPLA(2)betaexpression with recombinant adenovirus increa
231 illustrate that smooth muscle cell-specific iPLA(2)beta participates in the initiation and early pro
232 o investigate whether smooth muscle-specific iPLA(2)beta is involved in neointima formation, we gener
233 DN)-treated monocytes display reduced speed, iPLA(2)beta also regulates directionality and actin poly
234 release and PGI(2) production by stimulated iPLA(2)beta-KO endothelial cells were significantly redu
235 Complement- and EGF + ionomycin-stimulated iPLA(2)gamma activity was attenuated by the S511A/S515A
238 actone (BEL) suicide substrate used to study iPLA(2)beta functions inactivates iPLA(2)beta by alkylat
242 ed iPLA(2)beta(-/-) mice to demonstrate that iPLA(2)beta is responsible for the majority of thapsigar
243 beta-null mice, and here we demonstrate that iPLA(2)beta-null macrophages have reduced sensitivity to
244 sm and membrane structure demonstrating that iPLA(2)gamma loss of function results in a mitochondrial
247 ese and previous findings thus indicate that iPLA(2)beta-null mice exhibit phenotypic abnormalities i
248 These findings raise the likelihood that iPLA(2)beta participates in ER stress-induced apoptosis
251 These converging observations reveal that iPLA(2)beta and cPLA(2)alpha regulate monocyte migration
252 a in cancer, and these findings suggest that iPLA(2)beta is a potential target for developing novel a
253 n circulating cells, these data suggest that iPLA(2)beta may be a suitable therapeutic target for the
254 ion and neointima formation and suggest that iPLA(2)beta may represent a novel therapeutic target for
258 on of iPLA(2)beta or NSMase, suggesting that iPLA(2)beta-mediated generation of ceramides via sphingo
263 recent identification of new members of the iPLA(2) family, each inhibitable by (E)-6-(bromomethylen
264 he precise binding mode of FK ligands to the iPLA(2) should greatly improve our ability to design new
265 nts' lymphoblasts in tissue culture with the iPLA(2) inhibitor, bromoenol lactone, partially restores
270 d with control cells, and was blocked by the iPLA(2)gamma inhibitor bromoenol lactone in both iPLA(2)
271 kinase IIbeta, and we have characterized the iPLA(2)beta interactome further using affinity capture a
272 ioenergetics, we generated mice null for the iPLA(2)gamma gene by eliminating the active site of the
276 Collectively, our findings indicate that the iPLA(2)beta-ceramide axis plays a critical role in activ
277 ensively examined through utilization of the iPLA2-selective inhibitor (E)-6-(bromomethylene)-3-(1-na
278 hough in wild-type flies inactivation of the iPLA2-VIA does not affect the molecular composition of c
282 us mitochondrial phospholipids in transgenic iPLA(2)gamma mitochondria revealed the robust production
283 ersible inactivation because oxidant-treated iPLA(2)beta contains DTT-reducible oligomers, and oligom
292 amide generation, but the mechanism by which iPLA(2)beta and ceramides contribute to apoptosis is not
293 l migration and invasion with cells in which iPLA(2)beta expression had been down-regulated in vitro.
294 ation, we generated transgenic mice in which iPLA(2)beta is expressed specifically in smooth muscle c
296 s identified 37 proteins that associate with iPLA(2)beta, and nearly half of them reside in ER or mit
299 pancreatic islets, that this increases with iPLA(2)beta expression level, and that it is stimulated
301 from different intracellular locations, with iPLA(2)beta acting as a critical regulator of the cellul
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