ライフサイエンスコーパス: indirect

1 IRF2 on replication of the SPI-1 mutant was indirect.

2 ors in earlier assessments that were largely indirect.

3 the transport mechanism have been sparse and indirect.

4 tibiotics, suggesting that these effects are indirect.

5 and up to now has only been achieved through indirect (14)C determinations of chromatographic blanks,

6 on potential energy surface reveals that the indirect 5-exo/3-exo/retro-3-exo path is faster than the

7 38 as the common target for both direct and indirect activation of CAR.

8 associated with the estimation of direct and indirect agricultural nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in d

9 emerging hypotheses are an imbalance between indirect and direct basal ganglia pathways, disturbed se

10 ect of knee SxOA on all-cause mortality into indirect and direct effects via walking disability and u

11 Indirect and direct evidence indicates that a significan

12 otoxic effect of plasma jet treatments (both indirect and direct) in dividing human cells.

13 rasound methods to evaluate the placenta are indirect and insensitive.

14 een PLIN5 and insulin sensitivity is at best indirect and is apparent only in conjunction with maxima

15 Interestingly, this effect was indirect and partially relied on the IFNAR1-dependent co

16 scription, and gene downregulation by p53 is indirect and requires p21.

17 Resource subsidies likely also have indirect and trait-mediated effects on predation and par

18 these findings support roles for both cFOS (indirect) and ATF3 (direct) in effecting MMP13 transcrip

19 h network analysis to specify explicitly the indirect as well as direct relationships between partner

20 ion of applied membrane tension, sigma-as an indirect assay for determining functional behavior in me

21 ability and DNA repair defects by direct and indirect assays in 12 breast cancer cell lines to estima

22 ifferences between the SW and AB methods for indirect assessment of onion flavor and nutraceutical va

23 ut measure in these studies was typically an indirect assessment of plasticity at the neural level.

24 ect association (b = 0.033; P = .86) and the indirect association (a x b = 0.007; P = .87) of resilie

25 The beta-In2Se3 nanosheets were found to be indirect band gap semiconductors (Eg = 1.55 eV), and sin

26 mized for excitation energies just above the indirect bandgap.

27 honon-assisted recombination pathway via the indirect bandgap.

28 have been synthesized, but most of them have indirect bandgaps and/or do not have bandgaps energies w

29 The indirect benefit associated with the temperature changes

30 Our analyses do not suggest indirect benefits for untreated children from being expo

31 < 0.001 for linear trend in the AUC of serum indirect bilirubin and iron levels).

32 Total and indirect bilirubin levels were not significantly associa

33 s of the CYP121A1 inhibitors suggest type II indirect binding through interstitial water molecules, w

34 tochondrial genomes per mitochondrion, is an indirect biomarker of mitochondrial function.

35 Modes of infant feeding such as direct and indirect breastfeeding, and formula feeding, and their c

36 Marine organisms may thus play an indirect but important role in the delivery of trace ele

37 Here, in a series of neuroimaging and indirect calorimetry human studies, we examine the relat

38 text]O2 max) were determined with the use of indirect calorimetry in 305 healthy volunteers [150 men

39 nd survival.REE was measured with the use of indirect calorimetry in cancer patients before the initi

40 Indirect calorimetry revealed lipid oxidation as the pri

41 Indirect calorimetry showed that Cyp2e1-null-mice fed FF

42 Indirect calorimetry was also used to determine metaboli

43 e for lipid profiles and insulin resistance, indirect calorimetry was performed and visceral white ad

44 These data include RMR (indirect calorimetry), body composition (dual-energy X-r

45 ulinemic-euglycemic clamp), lipid oxidation (indirect calorimetry), insulin secretion (2-h hyperglyce

46 ing radiolabeled palmitate and in mice using indirect calorimetry.

47 ydrate-dependent metabolism as determined by indirect calorimetry.

48 lection; however, in the case of AKAP79/150, indirect CaMKII effects on palmitoylation are more impor

49 ial nitrogen-selective membrane material for indirect carbon capture from coal or natural gas power p

50 The key to recording 4D spectra with three indirect carbon or nitrogen dimensions with their inhere

51 ath (40%), and infection was the most common indirect cause of death (29%).

52 glial P2X7Rs are increasingly considered as indirect causes of neuronal effects.

53 that the bandgap in CH3NH3PbI3 has a direct-indirect character.

54 Thus, the net impact of direct and indirect climate change effects on soil moisture require

55 ect climate change effects and of additional indirect, climate change-induced changes in vegetation o

56 (e.g. pathogens), and test for more complex indirect community interactions.

57 heoretical approach was used to generate the indirect comparisons.

58 nections, as well as relatively parsimonious indirect connections via polysynaptic pathways.

59 n decreased or increased correlations: as an indirect consequence of attention-related changes in the

60 reduced amygdala activity was not merely an indirect consequence of hippocampal suppression; rather,

61 be independent of (although additive to) any indirect consequences to RyR1 activity that arise as a r

62 Direct contact with infected animals and indirect contact with infectious prions in bodily fluids

63 ific subsets of the information available on indirect contacts could lead to outputs widely different

64 This study investigated the role of indirect contacts in a potential infection spread in the

65 ur results highlighted the potential role of indirect contacts in between-farm disease spread and und

66 ggested that the contributions of direct and indirect contacts on diseases spread are apparent at dif

67 imple simulation model to assess the role of indirect contacts on epidemic dynamics compared to cattl

68 tacts), and on-farm visits by veterinarians (indirect contacts).

69 However, N-cadherin has an indirect control on cell shape.

70 Indirect costs are almost threefold direct costs, especi

71 Total indirect costs reached euro1772.90 (presenteeism, euro16

72 m of direct medical, direct non-medical, and indirect costs to patients exceeding 20% of total annual

73 Indirect costs were assessed using a human-capital appro

74 ongoing daily expenses while losing income (indirect costs).

75 of the event and to mitigate the direct and indirect damages to public health and resources.

76 Both indirect density- and trait-mediated effects drove the d

77 nt evidence for HPM specialization is mostly indirect, derived from correlative measures such as neur

78 but also because they induce relatively low indirect destabilizations.

79 effect of ligand-protein interactions and an indirect destabilizing effect on intraprotein interactio

80 ples are discussed, including label-free and indirect detection mechanisms.

81 tion sensor operated in counting mode and an indirect detection sensor (scintillator/fiber-optic/CCD)

82 gher pixel density compared to conventional, indirect detection sensors for electron microscopy appli

83 pectrometry (FAAS) for pre-concentration and indirect determination of the flavor enhancer maltol in

84 An eco-friendly method for indirect determining phosphorus and sulfur in animal fee

85 Many animals are indirect developers with distinct larval and adult body

86 ompare the larval and adult body plans of an indirect developing hemichordate, Schizocardium californ

87 a delay in trunk development is a feature of indirect development shared across distantly related phy

88 ltra-efficient photodetectors based on layer-indirect e-h excitations.

89 er I-VSD characteristics indicate that layer-indirect e-h pairs are generated by hot-electron impact

90 s generated by the direct (e.g., dA(*+)) and indirect (e.g., dA*) effects of gamma-radiolysis.

91 ssay but not on a competitive assay or on an indirect EBOV IgG ELISA.

92 The indirect effect of EAP on functional outcome was signifi

93 Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of implicit racial bias on proprioceptiv

94 The indirect effect of knee SxOA on all-cause mortality thro

95 ffected in mutants, which may be a direct or indirect effect of loss of Numb.

96 (11)C-Me-NB1-specific binding, indicating an indirect effect of Sigma1R on (11)C-Me-NB1 binding.

97 us (beta = 0.044; P = 0.07), and also had an indirect effect on gingival bleeding (beta = 0.011; P =

98 a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, suggesting an indirect effect on neurons.

99 e acts at least in part via the mediator (an indirect effect).

100 % CI, 0.33 to 2.86) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.87 to -0.08).

101 icantly mediated the effects of EIPC on QOL (indirect effect, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.33 to 2.86) and depress

102 beneficial treatment and intention to leave (indirect effect: 0.11 [95% CI, 0.06-0.18]).

103 mathematical model to predict the direct and indirect effectiveness of PCV by analyzing serotype-spec

104 Total effectiveness among vaccinees and indirect effectiveness were also evaluated.

105 explained 56% and 40%, respectively, of the indirect effects between cystatin C and PASP.

106 een-study heterogeneity to estimate temporal indirect effects by pooling of invasive pneumococcal dis

107 s frequently considered is the potential for indirect effects caused through enabling athletes to pus

108 The contribution of indirect effects differs among types of mutualism.

109 benthic detritivores, bivalves), and strong indirect effects expected on some demersal fish, sharks,

110 Coevolutionary pathways of indirect effects favour ongoing trait evolution by promo

111 Indirect effects from IR exposure generate reactive oxyg

112 o study alpha-cells with and without various indirect effects from other islet cells.

113 , if wildflower species escape gardens these indirect effects may be compounded with direct ones.

114 confidence interval: -0.12, -0.02) than the indirect effects mediated through later poverty at age 7

115 Direct and indirect effects Microcystis blooms may have on the Delt

116 over the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (1) , indirect effects of BAR-containing transgenes in planta,

117 esian networks, which enables the direct and indirect effects of biotic interactions to be modelled a

118 Many investigations have described indirect effects of calcium signaling on CFTR or other c

119 results underscore the value of considering indirect effects of climate change on vegetation when as

120 bee abundances were driven primarily by the indirect effects of climate on the temporal distribution

121 ping regions, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of climate, soil properties, carbon (C)

122 uating overall outcomes, direct and putative indirect effects of CMV, possible impact of viremia and

123 In this study, we assessed the indirect effects of ecosystem engineering by a wood-bori

124 We identify direct and indirect effects of eutrophication proxies on genetic st

125 However, the indirect effects of frost mediated through changes in pl

126 examined the direct and pollinator-mediated indirect effects of frost on three wildflower species in

127 of local taxa, to investigate the direct and indirect effects of future pH on biomass and fisheries r

128 Indirect effects of LMH on the behaviour of these consum

129 a field experiment we tested the direct and indirect effects of reducing the abundance of a common s

130 rformed mediation analysis to understand the indirect effects of systolic blood pressure and serum al

131 To disentangle the direct and indirect effects of temperature on ecosystem properties,

132 this species to isolate potential direct and indirect effects of these factors.

133 uel dryness) could be counterbalanced by the indirect effects on fuel structure (e.g. warmer conditio

134 changes in primary production have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplank

135 ns of specific effects, including direct and indirect effects on performance and behavior, and dynami

136 In contrast to indirect effects such as channel regulation by SMIT-tran

137 Indirect effects through cloud formation and precipitati

138 important mediator of this association, with indirect effects via cognitive reserve contributing 21%

139 Indirect effects were not detected.

140 Indirect effects were robust to alternative model specif

141 Aerosol-cloud interactions (aerosol indirect effects) play an important role in regional met

142 aviour or demography, through plant-mediated indirect effects, or by modifying interactions among spe

143 about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects, particularly for species important to

144 90% of the contributing genes probably have indirect effects.

145 d that frost had species-specific direct and indirect effects.

146 Indirect estimates of carbon fixation by Crocosphaera we

147 s study uses individual-level data, using an indirect estimation method, to test the hypothesis that

148 Because it was initially based on indirect evidence and findings in patients with establis

149 However, indirect evidence for the involvement of compound 1 was

150 th over 120 publications providing direct or indirect evidence relevant to the hypothesis.

151 Indirect evidence supports the utility of multiple scree

152 adequate evidence of harms of treatment and indirect evidence that overdiagnosis and overtreatment a

153 ate that they were rapidly buried, providing indirect evidence that they swam near the seabed.

154 chy resources, with most studies focusing on indirect evidences, ultimately affecting our interpretat

155 bservations of dispersing individuals, while indirect evolutionary estimates often suggest substantia

156 The indirect ("ex-cell") electrochemical synthesis of benzox

157 roductivity was found to be an important but indirect factor in controlling Se as well as vanadium (V

158 propriate increase in resident autonomy with indirect faculty supervision.

159 ity and change plant biomass, with resulting indirect feedbacks on soil moisture.

160 ng pSMAD3 can ameliorate both the direct and indirect fibroproliferative actions of TGF-beta.

161 ter: TpnC4 is predominantly expressed in the indirect flight muscles (IFMs), whereas TpnC41C is the m

162 eir structure was ultimately disclosed by an indirect Fourier transform of static light scattering, s

163 nt distributions of the particles as for the indirect Fourier transform.

164 e direct (physical) interactions, as well as indirect (functional) interactions, as long as both are

165 ctically usable bulk and multilayer MX2 have indirect-gaps.

166 influenced the adult more during direct than indirect gaze.

167 g direct and direct-oblique gaze relative to indirect gaze.

168 ividual's genes on its own phenotype and the indirect genetic effects (IGEs) it has on conspecifics,

169 the novel finding that fibronectins mediate indirect gp120-alpha4beta7 interactions.

170 gions are complicated by multiple direct and indirect hippocampal-prefrontal connections.

171 mimicking the rhythmicity of descending late indirect (I) waves in corticospinal neurons (4.3 ms; I-w

172 exposure and mediator improved precision of indirect (i.e., mediated) effect estimates, and includin

173 Indirect immunofluorescence assays that combined monoclo

174 applied test to diagnose this disease is the indirect immunofluorescence reaction, however two sample

175 Indirect immunofluorescence showed reduced COL6A5 expres

176 noclonal antibodies (MAbs), as determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining and flow-cytometric

177 both donors and recipients, 6 serological (4 indirect immunofluorescent assays [IFA] and 2 enzyme-lin

178 When we considered the indirect impacts of frost mediated through changes in po

179 ecline of many vertebrate species, but their indirect impacts often go unmeasured, potentially leadin

180 a novel approach to pest management through indirect induction of plant resistance.

181 cer drug Gleevec lowers Abeta levels through indirect inhibition of gamma-secretase activity.

182 ave been suggested to discount the effect of indirect interactions and give good results in inferring

183 n of both trophic and non-trophic direct and indirect interactions is essential to understand the str

184 motor function via balanced output from the indirect (iSPNs) and direct pathway striatal projection

185 iven by direct climate change rather than by indirect land cover change impacts.

186 h direct learning from obtained outcomes and indirect learning from forgone outcomes to two groups of

187 kets that would otherwise be separated by an indirect local bandgap.

188 current tests of metabolic activity are only indirect markers of energy use or are highly invasive.

189 ations are not independently associated with indirect markers of increased hemolysis.

190 , rather than using minor-groove width as an indirect measure for shape readout, we developed a metho

191 al copy number in the peripheral blood as an indirect measure of partial viral reservoir (Rho = 0.458

192 The serum desaturation index (an indirect measure of SCD) was significantly reduced in no

193 d flow and (11)C-HED retention index (RI, an indirect measure of sympathetic innervation) were calcul

194 elating to pandemic emergence, a field where indirect measurements are often made at great risk and c

195 CP measurements from NAA are corroborated by indirect measurements based on lipid profiles.

196 the apparent disagreement between direct and indirect measurements can be overcome.

197 conductance derives from modeling studies or indirect measurements.

198 tions of the TnC molecule, which provides an indirect mechanism for their pathogenic properties.

199 ished during development, suggesting that an indirect mechanism mediated by plant water relations cou

200 3K9 methylation at the MCAM promoter, and an indirect mechanism, via the Ets1 transcription factor.

201 rved is the likely result of both direct and indirect mechanisms and probably involves multiple recep

202 These patterns could reflect direct and/or indirect mechanisms, but imply that individual variation

203 ntrol DNA replication by multiple direct and indirect mechanisms.

204 ion of proinflammatory factors via direct or indirect mechanisms.

205 erred from geometric model fitting, but this indirect method does not provide information about the p

206 urs much earlier than can be detected by the indirect method of sampling media from explanted culture

207 role for brain-derived DA in the direct and indirect modulation of the peripheral auditory system of

208 , 1402 MR examinations (14 studies), and 159 indirect MR arthrography examinations (three studies).

209 s of direct MR arthrography, MR imaging, and indirect MR arthrography for SLAP tear diagnosis were 80

210 tudies to direct MR arthrography studies and indirect MR arthrography studies, 3-T studies to 1.5-T s

211 ts of MR imaging (MR imaging, and direct and indirect MR arthrography) and SLAP tears.

212 graphy compared with those of MR imaging and indirect MR arthrography.

213 Indirect N2O emission factors for groundwater (EF5g) and

214 els would have operated as both a direct and indirect negative feedback to end the T-OAE.

215 ional ExsD was introduced to the cascade via indirect negative feedback, the response time was signif

216 visitation, one species, Erigeron, incurred indirect, negative effects of frost on plant reproductio

217 Direct and indirect networks showed non-trivial differences with re

218 Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rivers are c

219 ays from the LHb to the VTA, a direct and an indirect one, which may subserve distinct biological fun

220 f best-corrected VA, slit-lamp, examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and ultrasound biomicroscopy.

221 t planned potable water reuse, whether in an indirect or direct potable reuse scenario, might provide

222 s)-and were sometimes based on modeled data, indirect or nonactive comparisons, or nonvalidated evide

223 te with neuromodulatory activity rather than indirect or secondary consequences of improved health an

224 explained subsequent emigration rates via an indirect path through the use of personal, not public, i

225 ation gives rise to stronger activity in the indirect pathway accompanied by decreased dendritic spin

226 manipulation of the function of the striatal indirect pathway may be a useful therapeutic target for

227 mpanied by decreased dendritic spines on the indirect pathway medium spiny projection neuron, indicat

228 te the consecutive reactions of the two-step indirect pathway of Cys-tRNA(Cys) synthesis (tRNA-depend

229 The indirect pathway operates under normo- or hypercapnic co

230 ffects on "direct pathway" SPNs (dSPNs) and "indirect pathway" SPNs (iSPNs); their firing rates becam

231 vered that a select population of so-called "indirect pathway" SPNs not only fire at abnormally high

232 her G-protein or beta-arrestin signaling in 'indirect pathway' medium spiny neurons (iMSNs), because

233 nigral (direct pathway) and striatopallidal (indirect pathway) medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and its re

234 ast, loss of ERK/MAPK signaling in D2R-MSNs (indirect pathway) resulted in a profound hyperlocomotor

235 rs of medium spiny neurons signaling via the indirect pathway, associated with behavioral inhibition.

236 by tRNA-dependent mechanism using a two-step indirect pathway, where O-phosphoseryl-tRNA synthetase (

237 are 'direct' effects of light on affect, an 'indirect' pathway via altered sleep-wake timing has been

238 Activity in striatal direct- and indirect-pathway spiny projection neurons (SPNs) is crit

239 atially compact, organization of direct- and indirect-pathway SPN activity that maps action space ind

240 medium spiny neurons belong to the direct or indirect pathways determines the form of spike timing-de

241 over time in an imbalance between direct and indirect pathways for properly focusing movement.

242 nderstanding the evolution of the direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition following tissue tr

243 input to the striatum between the direct and indirect pathways of the basal ganglia (BG).

244 ne D1 or D2 receptors, which form direct and indirect pathways, respectively.

245 role of 2-AG signaling in striatal direct or indirect pathways, respectively.

246 um spiny neurons of the accumbens direct and indirect pathways.

247 ribute cortical input between the direct and indirect pathways.

248 e motor functions of the striatal direct and indirect pathways.

249 agrass seedlings through multiple direct and indirect pathways: increased stress, reduced establishme

250 rect pH effects on enzymatic activities, and indirect pH effects on activity via substrate speciation

251 nlit surface water by determining direct and indirect photochemical transformation rates of imidazoli

252 ed to identify contributions from direct and indirect photolysis.

253 is complex procedure requires combination of indirect portography and percutaneous transhepatic porta

254 algae (primary producers) can have a strong, indirect positive influence on the abundance of some cal

255 ct (GHT), although the contribution of these indirect projections to circadian photoreception is curr

256 0 studies reported statistically significant indirect protection effectiveness (IPE) with point estim

257 ewed systematically the literature on "herd"/indirect protection from vaccinating children aged 6 mon

258 studies are required to better quantify the indirect protection from vaccinating children for differ

259 This large indirect protection should be considered when assessing

260 oteomics approach to characterise direct and indirect protein targets and pathways that mediate the e

261 ght be the case using direct readout, making indirect readout an important, yet often ignored, contri

262 equence requirements for target recognition, indirect readout mechanisms have the potential to engage

263 Indirect readout mechanisms of transcription control rel

264 Populations self-organise in an indirect reciprocity system in which the norm that emerg

265 ingle gateway hypothesis," which supposes an indirect regulation of hepatic glucose production by ins

266 may also be required for optimal, reciprocal indirect regulation via membrane potential and PIP2, esp

267 sults highlight the importance of RALY as an indirect regulator of transcription and cell cycle progr

268 t, independent of its transport activity and indirect regulatory mechanisms involving inositol-derive

269 r-related activity, with a complex and often indirect relationship to decision processes.

270 cies-specific direct and pollinator-mediated indirect responses to frost, thus suggesting that frost

271 h the proposal that TbRFT1 plays a direct or indirect role in GPI anchor glycosylation in the Golgi a

272 sea-surface temperature appear to play more indirect roles through a series of feedbacks among syste

273 The structures show unexpectedly that indirect sequence recognition dictates integration site

274 comparisons between treatments with that of indirect simulated evidence.

275 This effect is indirect: SOCS2 induces EfnA1 expression, and EfnA1 indu

276 ficits were causally attributed to AMPARs in indirect spiny projection neurons (iSPNs) and to excess

277 A small-area estimation model combined indirect standardization of NHANES-based prevalence with

278 al or experimental measures of recovery over indirect statistical signatures, such as spatial varianc

279 mouse model of autism and indicate that the indirect striatal pathway disruption might play a causat

280 rativity typically is derived from theory or indirect structural data.

281 that our approach can uncover the direct and indirect structural paths for predicting functional conn

282 multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) causes indirect systemic inflammation through unknown pathways.

283 ter activity, suggesting that vimentin is an indirect target of miR-375.

284 the bHLH transcription factors and therefore indirect targets of AvrHah1.

285 lysis, and to distinguish between direct and indirect targets.

286 ogenin levels are usually estimated using an indirect technique, alkali labile phosphate (ALP), that

287 These results demonstrate the importance of indirect thaw effects on CO2 flux: plant growth and wate

288 ough evidence from clinical observations was indirect, there is close correspondence to neuroanatomic

289 the nature of the fundamental band gap from indirect to direct.

290 and structure, manifested by a strain-driven indirect-to-direct bandgap transition and brightening of

291 e-resonance Raman process is affected by the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition, and a comparison

292 g intensity of large herbivores may exert an indirect top-down ecological force on soil microbial com

293 its contribution is commonly measured using indirect tracer, spectroscopy, or electrical methods, no

294 In mammals, the indirect traffic of PMPs also requires PEX16, a protein

295 cell confluency, medium refreshment, direct/indirect treatment, oxygen concentration, etc.), in prim

296 aper we present a physical discussion of the indirect two-photon absorption (TPA) occuring in silicon

297 in may still remain exposed to reflected and indirect UV rays.

298 lucose to tissue TCA metabolism is primarily indirect (via circulating lactate) in all tissues except

299 delling to test the importance of direct and indirect (via floral resources) climate effects on the i

300 on of azobenzene switching in new as well as indirect ways.