ライフサイエンスコーパス: indirect effect

1 n sizes of hosts and parasites are lower (an indirect effect).

2 e acts at least in part via the mediator (an indirect effect).

3 glycolysis pathway components, suggesting an indirect effect.

4 vival of A. maculatum via a density-mediated indirect effect.

5 the uncertainty in estimates of the aerosol indirect effect.

6 ycle costing assessments included direct and indirect effects.

7 rence method can be used to estimate natural indirect effects.

8 e diverse needs of researchers studying such indirect effects.

9 90% of the contributing genes probably have indirect effects.

10 roup C IMD in Canada through both direct and indirect effects.

11 eded that anticipate these multiple possible indirect effects.

12 lopment and distinguished between direct and indirect effects.

13 orrelation matrix containing both direct and indirect effects.

14 d that frost had species-specific direct and indirect effects.

15 benefit of rotavirus vaccination, including indirect effects.

16 Associations were decomposed into direct and indirect effects.

17 plex in vivo milieu of factor redundancy and indirect effects.

18 climate, while macroclimate had no direct or indirect effects.

19 lly mediated by comorbid insulin resistance (indirect effect = -0.1355 [95% CI, -0.2471 to -0.0593];

20 ted increased rates of school noncompletion (indirect effect, -0.018; SE, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.053 to -0.

21 % CI, 0.33 to 2.86) and depressive symptoms (indirect effect, -0.39; 95% CI, -0.87 to -0.08).

22 beneficial treatment and intention to leave (indirect effect: 0.11 [95% CI, 0.06-0.18]).

23 se in number of hospital admissions (natural indirect effect 1.11, 1.04-1.17; total effect 1.41, 1.22

24 icantly mediated the effects of EIPC on QOL (indirect effect, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.33 to 2.86) and depress

25 ulsatility index (95% confidence interval of indirect effect, -1.35 to -0.29).

26 n standard ethanol consumption at 12 months (indirect effect -6.014 [95% CI -13.99, -0.046]).

27 fects have been widely investigated, whereas indirect effects, although documented, elude explicit qu

28 The relative magnitude of these indirect effects among persons with and without PPV23 in

29 giving model-free definitions of direct and indirect effects and clear assumptions for their identif

30 suggesting that it is important to consider indirect effects and exercise caution when forecasting a

31 igm to predict direct effects from potential indirect effects and identify errors owing to noise or m

32 n acidification may be apparent only through indirect effects and in combination with other variables

33 dence, key opportunities and landscapes, and indirect effects and lag times, we see a distinct shift

34 To avoid indirect effects and to address the cell-intrinsic role

35 alysis model was used to estimate direct and indirect effects and to establish a ranking of treatment

36 er, were undetectable, indicating that these indirect effects, and cloud systems in general, are well

37 Indirect effects are also stronger in communities where

38 asily reproducible in models, simulations of indirect effects are far more challenging and difficult

39 rect effect of treatment on the outcome, and indirect effects are identified by subtracting direct ef

40 Indirect effects are more likely to predominate in neste

41 ent with theory, in four of five communities indirect effects are strongest for species showing weak

42 I termination among kinetoplastids and avoid indirect effects associated with BrdU toxicity and genet

43 This is an indirect effect because adoptive transfer of G-CSF-induc

44 lower superior frontal gyrus volume (ie, an indirect effect) (beta = -.08; 95% CI, -0.14 to -0.01; P

45 explained 56% and 40%, respectively, of the indirect effects between cystatin C and PASP.

46 blood pressure explained 14% and 20% of the indirect effects between ESI and LS and e' velocity, res

47 ereas serum aldosterone explained 19% of the indirect effects between ESI and LS.

48 We estimated direct and indirect effects by comparing 180-day mortality risks as

49 direct effects on NPP and only perhaps have indirect effects by constraining total stand biomass (Mt

50 een-study heterogeneity to estimate temporal indirect effects by pooling of invasive pneumococcal dis

51 longitudinal data, (b) causal inference for indirect effects, (c) mediation analysis for discrete an

52 cross generations, and estimating direct and indirect effects can be helpful for assessing specific m

53 Moreover, this was not due to an indirect effect caused by checkpoint activation by DNA d

54 o direct cholesterol-AQP4 interactions or to indirect effects caused by cholesterol-induced changes i

55 een histone marks and gene expression may be indirect effects caused by interactions between transcri

56 s frequently considered is the potential for indirect effects caused through enabling athletes to pus

57 The contribution of indirect effects differs among types of mutualism.

58 hrough consumption of prey (density-mediated indirect effects; DMIEs) and by inducing predator-avoida

59 ecologically based selection, as well as the indirect effects due to correlations among loci, is crit

60 onomous effect in the mature osteoclast with indirect effects due to the additional targeting of oste

61 adjusted odds ratio (aORDE) was 1.7 and the indirect effect estimate (aORIE) was 1.4.

62 h will provide bounds for natural direct and indirect effect estimates that better reflect the capaci

63 benthic detritivores, bivalves), and strong indirect effects expected on some demersal fish, sharks,

64 Coevolutionary pathways of indirect effects favour ongoing trait evolution by promo

65 tors and GPCRs in general include direct and indirect effects (Fig.

66 ghting (IORW) to estimate natural direct and indirect effects for mediation analyses.

67 ABCA4 in cone chromophore processing, and an indirect effect from the delayed recycling of chromophor

68 The long-term, landscape-scale indirect effects from agriculture suggest its full ecolo

69 oxicity, fatty liver disease, and direct and indirect effects from HIV infection, including increased

70 Indirect effects from IR exposure generate reactive oxyg

71 o study alpha-cells with and without various indirect effects from other islet cells.

72 Link weight and/or indirect effects had stronger effects on food-web stabil

73 ic rotavirus vaccination, including possible indirect effects, has not been assessed in low-resource

74 direct effect of methionine in liver and an indirect effect in adipose tissue through MR-dependent i

75 mpelling evidence of the role of the aerosol indirect effect in cooling regional climate on the Earth

76 Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivit

77 Indirect effects included a trophic cascade in which per

78 ulsatility index (95% confidence interval of indirect effect including arterial volume in the cortex,

79 , -2.22 to -0.40; 95% confidence interval of indirect effect including renal vascular resistance, -2.

80 extinction and local extirpation, as well as indirect effects including genetic diversity loss and ch

81 tance of droplet size dispersion for aerosol indirect effects: increasing aerosol concentration chang

82 s of CMV infection are compounded by adverse indirect effects induced by the multiple immunomodulator

83 This indirect effect is attributed to a change in water struc

84 A traditional way of estimating indirect effects is to use the "difference method," whic

85 Assessment of indirect effects is useful for epidemiologists intereste

86 Other spikelet-neuron pairs revealed indirect effects, likely to be the result of correlated

87 re important, and for the other four species indirect effects mattered.

88 hange on species distribution and phenology, indirect effects may also arise from perturbations in sp

89 , if wildflower species escape gardens these indirect effects may be compounded with direct ones.

90 an determine whether it transmits a negative indirect effect mediated by a reduction in its density,

91 experiment, with micro-earthquakes being an indirect effect mediated by aseismic creep.

92 by a reduction in its density, or a positive indirect effect mediated by its behavioural response to

93 ndex and HRQoL and to precisely quantify the indirect effects mediated by obesity-related comorbiditi

94 ts of warming, we considered the two primary indirect effects mediated by warming-driven changes in i

95 confidence interval: -0.12, -0.02) than the indirect effects mediated through later poverty at age 7

96 that has direct antineoplastic activity and indirect effects mediated through multiple types of immu

97 t of poverty at age <7 years into direct and indirect effects mediated through poverty and schooling/

98 these direct responses can be overwhelmed by indirect effects mediated via other interacting communit

99 ds attacking B. dracunculifoliae, as well as indirect effects (mediated via a third species or throug

100 An indirect effects mediation model suggests that MIC accou

101 Direct and indirect effects Microcystis blooms may have on the Delt

102 and substance use disorders, latent variable indirect effects modeling revealed that almost all of th

103 ement models, including factor analysis, and indirect effect models were used in the study.

104 using path analysis with total, direct, and indirect effect models.

105 unterfactual framework to define the natural indirect effect (NIE) and assess the relationship betwee

106 s on axon excitability, which may reflect an indirect effect of abnormal calcium current fluxes durin

107 the mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of birth weight on sedentary time throug

108 eoclasts, but not osteoblasts, suggesting an indirect effect of c-Kit on bone formation.

109 An indirect effect of carbonate mineral reactivity with CO(

110 ion by lymphoid stromal cells, suggesting an indirect effect of CD45 on innate immune cells in influe

111 t Swe1p stabilization following stress is an indirect effect of CDK inhibition.

112 Mediation analysis showed a significant indirect effect of cortical thickness on BMI mediated by

113 bserved long-term 21% reduction of GS was an indirect effect of decreased leaf hydraulic conductance

114 sed risk of smoking/drinking behaviors by an indirect effect of depression.

115 The indirect effect of EAP on functional outcome was signifi

116 levated CO2 in most years, likely due to the indirect effect of elevated CO2 on SWC.

117 Moreover, an indirect effect of genotype on negative emotionality via

118 An indirect effect of GTF2I genotype on the warmth facet of

119 Path analyses revealed a significant indirect effect of IL18 risk haplotype on symptoms of de

120 Mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of implicit racial bias on proprioceptiv

121 The indirect effect of knee SxOA on all-cause mortality thro

122 ffected in mutants, which may be a direct or indirect effect of loss of Numb.

123 mperature on adult survival, and a positive, indirect effect of prior rainy season precipitation on j

124 Mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of PTSD on cortical thickness via SKA2 m

125 n of cardiac rhythmic sSNA in DH rats was an indirect effect of reducing MAP and thus arterial barore

126 (11)C-Me-NB1-specific binding, indicating an indirect effect of Sigma1R on (11)C-Me-NB1 binding.

127 the loss of viability in such mutants was an indirect effect of the repression of nonhomologous end j

128 more than 10 A away from the active site, an indirect effect of this amino acid exchange on the catal

129 This indirect effect of TSLP on CD4 T cells is due in part to

130 HERP on cellular growth therefore are likely indirect effects of altered spliceosomal function, consi

131 er, these results will aid in predicting the indirect effects of anthropogenic wildlife declines and

132 x and include lifestyle risks and direct and indirect effects of antipsychotic drugs.

133 analysis was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects of APOE alleles on AD pathology and cog

134 over the 20 proteinogenic amino acids (1) , indirect effects of BAR-containing transgenes in planta,

135 esian networks, which enables the direct and indirect effects of biotic interactions to be modelled a

136 Many investigations have described indirect effects of calcium signaling on CFTR or other c

137 ntiospecific binding to the channel, and not indirect effects of changes to the bilayer.

138 Our analyses highlight that (i) indirect effects of climate change may be at least as st

139 che differences, and quantify the direct and indirect effects of climate change on each species.

140 Nevertheless, the direct and indirect effects of climate change on their metabolic fu

141 results underscore the value of considering indirect effects of climate change on vegetation when as

142 he same database to partition the direct and indirect effects of climate on NPP, using three approach

143 bee abundances were driven primarily by the indirect effects of climate on the temporal distribution

144 ping regions, we investigated the direct and indirect effects of climate, soil properties, carbon (C)

145 ents and offer the potential to suppress the indirect effects of CMV infection.

146 could help to control some of the direct and indirect effects of CMV infection.

147 uating overall outcomes, direct and putative indirect effects of CMV, possible impact of viremia and

148 In this study, we assessed the indirect effects of ecosystem engineering by a wood-bori

149 levated CO2 The simulations suggest that the indirect effects of elevated CO2 on net primary producti

150 systems and climatic conditions maximize the indirect effects of elevated CO2 The simulations suggest

151 nrichment on ecosystem productivity, and for indirect effects of enrichment on productivity mediated

152 Theory predicts that strong indirect effects of environmental change will impact com

153 remains difficult to separate the direct and indirect effects of ethanol.

154 We identify direct and indirect effects of eutrophication proxies on genetic st

155 However, the indirect effects of frost mediated through changes in pl

156 examined the direct and pollinator-mediated indirect effects of frost on three wildflower species in

157 of local taxa, to investigate the direct and indirect effects of future pH on biomass and fisheries r

158 with consequences for the interpretation of indirect effects of gene perturbation.

159 might reflect modulation of autoimmunity or indirect effects of HLA class I and HLA-DP alleles on re

160 rs in uninfected CD4(+) T cells via multiple indirect effects of infection.

161 O1 is critical for both direct (hepatic) and indirect effects of insulin on HGP and utilization, and

162 Top-down processes, via the direct and indirect effects of interspecific competitive killing (n

163 s lead to the intersection of the direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation.

164 Indirect effects of large mammalian herbivores (LMH), wh

165 (i.e. suppressive, due e.g., to competition) indirect effects of LMH on consumer abundance in more pr

166 Indirect effects of LMH on the behaviour of these consum

167 We further examined the indirect effects of maternal metal concentrations on inf

168 These direct and indirect effects of moisture indicate that future change

169 w us to separate and quantify the direct and indirect effects of multiple climate variables on natura

170 In order to compare direct and indirect effects of nutrient limitation on virus product

171 modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of observed and latent predictors of re

172 Using volcanic CO2 vents, we tested the indirect effects of ocean acidification on a calcifying

173 Yet, the indirect effects of ocean acidification on calcifying or

174 une responsiveness and inflammation, and the indirect effects of overnutrition and obesity-risk facto

175 xture of density-mediated and trait-mediated indirect effects of parasitism on non-host species creat

176 imed to estimate the magnitude and timing of indirect effects of PCVs on invasive pneumococcal diseas

177 Indirect effects of pediatric use of pneumococcal conjug

178 ay of direct viral cytopathogenicity and the indirect effects of persistent immune activation on CD4(

179 We sought to characterize the direct and indirect effects of PGE2 on human small airways with par

180 cussed in view of models for both direct and indirect effects of ppGpp/DksA on transcriptional trade-

181 months to distinguish clearly the direct and indirect effects of predators on primary producers and t

182 fects of predators on their prey and several indirect effects of predators on primary producers but n

183 a field experiment we tested the direct and indirect effects of reducing the abundance of a common s

184 wever, while ecologists have mostly explored indirect effects of rising ambient temperatures on tempe

185 ng [CO2] in the leaf-internal air-space from indirect effects of slow changes via leaf hydraulic adju

186 g and to discriminate between the direct and indirect effects of soil warming on microbial communitie

187 WGD, phenotypic changes, and the direct and indirect effects of species interactions.

188 the heart and thereby eliminating potential indirect effects of SRC-2 deletion in other organs.

189 not affected by VEGF-C or VEGF-D, indicating indirect effects of sVEGFR-3 expression.

190 rformed mediation analysis to understand the indirect effects of systolic blood pressure and serum al

191 To disentangle the direct and indirect effects of temperature on ecosystem properties,

192 given the potential for different direct and indirect effects of temperature via phenological change.

193 of malaria is particularly sensitive to the indirect effects of the current Ebola-virus-disease epid

194 We attribute this higher pKa to direct and indirect effects of the cytoplasmic domain, which is ric

195 Mediation analysis tested for indirect effects of the lifestyle factors on cognition v

196 , for the first time, to specific direct and indirect effects of the lipids, as well as the receptor

197 estimate total, natural direct, and natural indirect effects of the prepregnancy Mediterranean diet

198 ervation and management policy considers the indirect effects of these activities in order to increas

199 this species to isolate potential direct and indirect effects of these factors.

200 e then assess the evidence for direct versus indirect effects of this plant diversity on vertebrate d

201 nd adults most likely reflect the direct and indirect effects of vaccination.

202 lysis (path analysis) to calculate direct vs indirect effects of vortioxetine on cognitive function.

203 It is important to know whether indirect effects of warming will be as ecologically sign

204 Our results demonstrate that the indirect effects of warming, in creating phenological mi

205 ortance of considering multiple, direct, and indirect effects of weather throughout the annual cycle,

206 e cumulative loss of sagebrush to direct and indirect effects of wildfire has contributed strongly to

207 ffect (beta = 0.089; P < .001) as well as an indirect effect on adherence mediated by medications con

208 ect on circulating lymphocytes, but also has indirect effect on circulating lymphocytes as well as st

209 ate vaccines (PCVs) in children has a strong indirect effect on disease rates in adults.

210 us (beta = 0.044; P = 0.07), and also had an indirect effect on gingival bleeding (beta = 0.011; P =

211 Mesenchyme miRNAs thus have an indirect effect on lining mucosal epithelial cell growth

212 a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, suggesting an indirect effect on neurons.

213 t this inhibition may be mediated through an indirect effect on NFkappaB activation.

214 Bs showed enhanced hair regrowth, suggesting indirect effect on the correction of radiation-induced f

215 Palmitoylation of SP-C had an indirect effect on the extent of protein-lipid perturbat

216 lation of tumor progression in MM through an indirect effect on the recruitment of AMCs to areas of M

217 by 10-15% within 1 h suggesting a direct or indirect effect on the vascular endothelium.

218 lthough vitamin D had modest but significant indirect effects on asthma severity, its total effect wa

219 xygen species and suppressed senescence, and indirect effects on BM endothelial cells, in which treat

220 the endoderm or NC mesenchyme had direct and indirect effects on both cell types during fate specific

221 They found that predators drove positive indirect effects on both plant-facilitating soil propert

222 that glucosinolates may have both direct and indirect effects on dodder-feeding herbivores.

223 Predators can exert strong direct and indirect effects on ecological communities by intimidati

224 role in K(+) conservation through direct and indirect effects on ENaC, distal nephron K(+) channels,

225 uel dryness) could be counterbalanced by the indirect effects on fuel structure (e.g. warmer conditio

226 a protein or virus can have either direct or indirect effects on function.

227 ollective data suggest that Clr6 I'' has (i) indirect effects on gene expression, conceivably by medi

228 hydroclimate variables will have direct and indirect effects on growth for each functional group.

229 changes in primary production have direct or indirect effects on higher trophic levels, from zooplank

230 introduction in Africa will have substantial indirect effects on invasive pneumococcal disease.

231 We predicted direct and indirect effects on key traits of the tadpole host (rate

232 These end products may have direct or indirect effects on modulating the health of their host.

233 Species have strong indirect effects on others, and predicting these effects

234 l health of the vagina due to its direct and indirect effects on pathogens and host defence.

235 ns of specific effects, including direct and indirect effects on performance and behavior, and dynami

236 cle regeneration and homeostasis, as well as indirect effects on pigmentation.

237 Climate can have direct and indirect effects on population dynamics via changes in r

238 involves not only sperm protection but also indirect effects on preimplantation embryos via oviduct

239 umerous proteins that mediate proton fluxes, indirect effects on proton movements involving endogenou

240 erosols influence the climate via direct and indirect effects on radiative balance.

241 warming may also influence their direct and indirect effects on soil ecosystem processes.

242 location could be consistent with direct or indirect effects on substrate binding.

243 suggests that CD28 deficiency has direct and indirect effects on the B cell compartment.

244 Despite these direct and indirect effects on the C cycle, little is known about t

245 n migration success and pathogen spread, and indirect effects on the evolution of migratory systems.

246 ated these community-scale processes, having indirect effects on the feedback effect.

247 hese effects can occur through direct and/or indirect effects on the host and/or virus.

248 umption is problematic because it disregards indirect effects on the independent functions of downstr

249 nd conceivably affect tRNA selection through indirect effects on the S4-S5 interface or by altering i

250 ons, I154F and W155R, have unique direct and indirect effects on the stability, biogenesis, or cataly

251 t ants had significant short-term direct and indirect effects on the studied ecosystem processes.

252 metallic dendrite growth via the dendrites' indirect effects on the surrounding electrolyte, allowin

253 management strategies can have unanticipated indirect effects on the target species via the associate

254 megaherbivores also exert an array of strong indirect effects on their communities.

255 cellular metabolism and may have direct and indirect effects on virus replication.

256 nced crop fertilization may have unforeseen, indirect, effects on crop susceptibility to pests, such

257 aviour or demography, through plant-mediated indirect effects, or by modifying interactions among spe

258 about the relative importance of direct and indirect effects, particularly for species important to

259 Aerosol-cloud interactions (aerosol indirect effects) play an important role in regional met

260 n binding to the tightly bent DNA loop or an indirect effect promoting global negative supercoiling o

261 This result shows that trophic indirect effects propagate across networks and habitats

262 he disabled symbiosis pathway rather than an indirect effect resulting from abolished symbiotic nitro

263 We also discuss indirect effects resulting from inflammatory responses,

264 vore species richness on herbivore-initiated indirect effect strength.

265 -related amygdala reactivity and, through an indirect effect, stress-related symptoms of depression a

266 In contrast to indirect effects such as channel regulation by SMIT-tran

267 rence with assay reagents and unacknowledged indirect effects such as nutrient depletion during the a

268 Anticancer therapies can also have indirect effects, such as alterations in blood pressure,

269 Indirect effects tended to be considerably larger in wat

270 er concentrations of p-NH4(+), likely due to indirect effects that affect BFM.

271 g., mortality), cannot detect longer-term or indirect effects that can potentially be assessed using

272 destabilize food webs, leading to cascading indirect effects that dramatically reorganize community

273 stone mistletoe species) resulted in diverse indirect effects that led to the disassembly of an inter

274 with the pMHC, but also from a collection of indirect effects that modulate how TCR residues are used

275 er species is maintained due to the positive indirect effects that these species have on each other b

276 is was used to assess the total, direct, and indirect effects; the latter was mediated through weight

277 response to predation risk and the nature of indirect effect they transmit from predators to plants.

278 ptional target of p53 or whether this was an indirect effect through additional regulatory factors.

279 e direct effects on crop yields beyond their indirect effects through climate; emissions of black car

280 Indirect effects through cloud formation and precipitati

281 effects of climate change on ecosystems and indirect effects through farmers' adaptations are likely

282 d not indicate any statistically significant indirect effects through placental metal concentrations.

283 r-avoidance behavior in prey (trait-mediated indirect effects; TMIEs).

284 ality due to predation and transmit negative indirect effects to plants, whereas (ii) burrowing detri

285 deeper into the soil, transmitting positive indirect effects to plants.

286 r response to predators and thus the sign of indirect effect transmitted.

287 igodendrocytes to promote myelination and an indirect effect upon the OPC population, modifying their

288 cancer (independent of BMI), and a positive indirect effect via BMI.

289 d that there was a statistically significant indirect effect via Clostridium cluster I colonization f

290 important mediator of this association, with indirect effects via cognitive reserve contributing 21%

291 H may directly affect microglia, or may have indirect effects via the periphery or other CNS cells.

292 -LOF mutations on FA at any age; however, an indirect effect was found on FA at all ages through ecze

293 The indirect effect was null (risk ratio = 1.004, 95% CI: 1.

294 The sum of the 5 indirect effects was B = -0.001 (95% CI, -0.02 -0.01); P

295 formed with structural equation modeling and indirect effects were evaluated with bootstrapping.

296 t models, for one species neither direct nor indirect effects were important, and for the other four

297 Indirect effects were not detected.

298 In contrast, positive (facilitative) indirect effects were not significantly correlated with

299 Indirect effects were robust to alternative model specif

300 For ET, indirect effects were, on average, 65% of the size of di