ライフサイエンスコーパス: inequality

1 o-alternative system, which are bound by the inequality .

2 to a large portion of the observed activity inequality.

3 ce-be egalitarian institutions and agents of inequality.

4 isk ratios and relative and slope indices of inequality.

5 t contribute the most to overall YLLs and to inequality.

6 s and government actors in reducing economic inequality.

7 mericans' relative insensitivity to economic inequality.

8 rthward and westward that increases economic inequality.

9 rt for policies designed to redress economic inequality.

10 , intensified competition and increased size inequality.

11 easurement statistics that violate some Bell inequality.

12 ies, implying a strong decrease in mortality inequality.

13 ow, low-middle, high-middle, and high income inequality.

14 rage" can be understood through the lens of inequality.

15 t societies have varying degrees of economic inequality.

16 rkly demonstrated by the violation of a Bell inequality.

17 o the global burden of ill-health and health inequality.

18 consider focusing on areas with high income inequality.

19 opportunity model of beliefs about economic inequality.

20 er gender gap in activity and lower activity inequality.

21 e the ways in which schools structure social inequality.

22 of influence mimic the patterns of economic inequality.

23 urden of typhoid fever and associated health inequality.

24 h care is a prerequisite for reducing health inequalities.

25 he context of persistent social and economic inequalities.

26 s that serve as the foundation of later life inequalities.

27 national ophthalmic public policies tackling inequalities.

28 s to engage diverse stakeholders and address inequalities.

29 ad been lower in 2000, exacerbating existing inequalities.

30 with an evolving economy, but marked social inequalities.

31 of rhythmic signals, ORIOS uses mathematical inequalities.

32 fitness benefits cannot counter within-group inequalities.

33 gesting the potential for reducing cognitive inequalities.

34 d randomness, based on the violation of Bell inequalities.

35 strategies differ in their impact on health inequalities.

36 information to policy makers for addressing inequalities.

37 te to health improvement and reducing health inequalities.

38 sms for promoting health and reducing health inequalities.

39 damental if we are to understand and address inequalities.

40 cost savings and are likely to reduce health inequalities.

41 ty, and collective action to overcome social inequalities.

42 alth and shift the social gradient of health inequalities.

43 to efforts to improve health while reducing inequalities.

44 SDGs aimed at improving health and reducing inequalities.

45 mic productivity, but it also creates strong inequalities.

46 mportant to protect health and reduce health inequalities.

47 ays; 95% CI, 2.4-2.5 days) compared with low inequality (2.4 days; 95% CI, 2.4-2.5 days; P < .001) zi

48 ant longer length of stay was found for high inequality (2.5 days; 95% CI, 2.4-2.5 days) compared wit

49 tial disparities can lead to larger eventual inequalities, (2) feedback loops can embed early-life ci

50 political underpinnings of health and health inequalities; a strong base of international support fro

51 ng would lead to larger reductions in health inequalities across income groups.

52 Longevity inequality across districts, measured as the difference

53 How does visible economic inequality affect well-off individuals' support for redi

54 sitive conditions (ACSCs) and whether income inequality affects use of resources per hospitalization

55 Epigenetics and experiences of societal inequality (allostatic load) increase the complexity of

56 High initial levels of economic inequality alone, however, have relatively few deleterio

57 Previous research has highlighted that this inequality also exists at junior levels with newly quali

58 These data also replicated a linear inequality-ambivalence relationship.

59 Current inequalities among children who have asthma but not atop

60 Inequalities among hospice decedents by diagnosis have d

61 or explanatory factors only partly explained inequalities among some ethnic groups relative to white

62 d a nearly 2-fold increase in the geographic inequality among counties.

63 assuming today's diets and levels of income inequality, an additional 1.6% or 148.4 million of the w

64 ing was higher in states with greater income inequality, an effect driven by inequality at the upper

65 s attention has been devoted to neighborhood inequalities and fissures in the civic infrastructure th

66 ly needed to mitigate health and health-care inequalities and reduce the financial burdens of medical

67 on services, contributing to widening health inequalities and reduced life expectancy.

68 enges employers and educators to acknowledge inequalities and take action to address them.

69 Given these persisting inequalities and their public health implications, new a

70 Research on wealth inequality and accumulation and the data upon which it r

71 ect sizes for the association between income inequality and any mental disorder or mental health prob

72 y an increasingly important role in economic inequality and elite formation in the United States, but

73 worth, we review trends in wealth levels and inequality and evaluate wealth's distinctiveness as an i

74 r each sex, we used a median split of income inequality and household income (income-to-needs ratio)

75 eighborhoods with differing levels of income inequality and household income.

76 ions and of their potential to reduce social inequality and improve other major life transitions.

77 fficiently simulated to satisfy the triangle inequality and incorporate group-level effects, which ar

78 nvironments, especially conditions of social inequality and injustice, contribute to disease clusteri

79 Studies of the association between income inequality and mental health have shown mixed results, p

80 ported a positive association between income inequality and mental health problems, six reported mixe

81 articles found no association between income inequality and mental health problems.

82 etailing the ways language reinforces gender inequality and offers strategies to reduce linguistic bi

83 investigated the association between income inequality and resilience; it found greater income inequ

84 cological variables, and we find that income inequality and sex ratio are better predictors than clim

85 planning and highlight the role of activity inequality and the built environment in improving physic

86 s should promote positive parenting, address inequality and the normalisation of violence across the

87 found a positive association between income inequality and the prevalence or incidence of mental hea

88 tudy explored the association between income inequality and use of dental services and the role that

89 across 30 US states (n = 4,613), macrolevel inequality and violence were associated with greater ind

90 STI) persist; however, the reasons for these inequalities, and ethnic variations in other markers of

91 les in this Series address population health inequalities, and the health effects of racism, mass inc

92 on of variance in age of death, a measure of inequality, and apply it to cause-specific contributions

93 enges of non-communicable diseases, economic inequality, and climate change, French international hea

94 our understanding of the effects of poverty, inequality, and economic segregation.

95 economic development, women's status, gender inequality, and gender-related norms and the prevalence

96 per person, the Gini coefficient for income inequality, and the share of total health expenditure sp

97 ds, but it is not known whether neighborhood inequalities are specific to stroke survival or similar

98 The only study of the role of income inequality as a determinant of the use of mental health

99 Oral health inequalities associated with socioeconomic status are wi

100 truments at the individual level, and income inequality at the aggregated, contextual, and ecological

101 eater income inequality, an effect driven by inequality at the upper end of the income distribution.

102 The finding that exposure to inequality begets inequality has fundamental implication

103 flicts, widening of health and socioeconomic inequalities between high-income and lower-income countr

104 (0.16; p<0.0001) symptoms, and larger health inequalities between socioeconomic groups in psychologic

105 Inequalities between socioeconomic groups increased in p

106 Enduring inequalities between states further emphasise the need f

107 cies if selection acts to reduce the fitness inequality between competitors and/or strengthen negativ

108 Situational inequality-boarding from the front (requiring walking th

109 We identified evidence of inequalities, both in terms of exposures to greenness an

110 ment Goal (SDG) 10, which addresses reducing inequalities, but little supporting evidence is availabl

111 it is a consequence of the violation of Bell inequalities by entangled quantum systems.

112 The authors measured age- and sex-adjusted inequalities by estimating absolute prevalence differenc

113 County should focus on reducing geographical inequality, by targeting those health conditions that co

114 ons for healthcare policies, suggesting that inequalities can be tackled with appropriate social and

115 eepen our understanding of how socioeconomic inequalities can become amplified and embedded.

116 eoretically guided framework on neighborhood inequality can enhance the pursuit of sustainable cities

117 We show that physical design that highlights inequality can trigger antisocial behavior on airplanes.

118 is, joint correlations which violate a Bell inequality--can be verified without trusting the measure

119 and money, in a manner which indicated that inequality carried an increasing marginal cost.

120 n America's longstanding economic and social inequality, cemented by an economic framework that predi

121 o girls, but it remains unclear whether this inequality changes after puberty.

122 ion in generic initiatives addressing health inequalities could address the existing significant burd

123 how that in a real-world-setting exposure to inequality decreases affluent individuals' willingness t

124 rences about birth cohort differences in BMI inequality, differences in other factors may have also c

125 his association is causal and growing income inequality does lead to an increase in the prevalence of

126 drinkers and reducing alcohol-related health inequalities (e.g., in the routine/manual occupation gro

127 y resistance and ventilation perfusion ratio inequality even in adult patients with asthma having nor

128 Only in life satisfaction did health inequality fall during this period (-0.98 to -0.95; p=0.

129 We argue that this categorical inequality frame helps to resolve a fundamental tension

130 Although state inequalities from communicable diseases narrowed over ti

131 merican Community Survey (US Census), income inequality (Gini index; range, 0 [perfect equality] to 1

132 n-based study, we aimed to estimate survival inequalities globally for several subtypes of childhood

133 oaring top incomes, the widening of survival inequalities has occurred lower in the distribution-ie,

134 Increased income inequality has been associated with higher rates of crim

135 However, economic inequality has been hard to study in ancient societies f

136 No violation of a Bell inequality has been observed for a system entangled with

137 Economic inequality has been on the rise in the United States sin

138 e finding that exposure to inequality begets inequality has fundamental implications for policymakers

139 inequality in access to abortion and whether inequality has increased as the number of abortion clini

140 Socioeconomic inequality has increased in many domains of adolescent h

141 ave contributed to mortality reductions, and inequalities have resulted in missed opportunities for f

142 Children living in areas of high income inequality have higher rates of hospitalizations for ACS

143 are needed to curb widening life expectancy inequalities, help deprived districts catch up in longev

144 he possible determinants and consequences of inequality, here we perform experiments involving a netw

145 The level of income inequality (ie, the variation in median household income

146 lts support the hypothesis that early social inequalities impacts adult physiology.

147 1, we demonstrate that macrolevel structural inequality, impaired population outcomes, socio-politica

148 s to alleviate poverty, reduce socioeconomic inequalities, improve health outcomes, and provide finan

149 causes and an unfinished agenda in reducing inequalities, improving coverage of effective interventi

150 in the USA remain uninsured, and substantial inequalities in access along economic, gender, and racia

151 Inequalities in access to adequate prenatal care may con

152 Global inequalities in access to health care are reflected in d

153 ations, new and effective policies to reduce inequalities in adult BMI that tackle inequality with re

154 ps in adolescent health could predict future inequalities in adult health and need urgent policy acti

155 ispersion within groups suggest that growing inequalities in BMI at the population level are not driv

156 es of adult death worldwide, and substantial inequalities in care of patients with CVRDs exist betwee

157 There were significant income inequalities in caries prevalence in the youngest age gr

158 stems and for cancer policy makers to reduce inequalities in childhood cancer survival.

159 Socioeconomic, urban-rural, and regional inequalities in coverage, mortality, and stunting were s

160 SEP inequalities in CRP emerged in 30s, increased up to mid-

161 nces in the prevalence of Indigenous-related inequalities in dental disease experience and self-rated

162 In Britain, ethnic inequalities in diagnoses of sexually transmitted infect

163 d may serve to reduce observed socioeconomic inequalities in diet and obesity.

164 SEP inequalities in fibrinogen decreased with age.

165 of poor health in adulthood, suggesting that inequalities in health have early origins.

166 ts of surveillance can help address existing inequalities in health systems, improve the capacity to

167 ther widening and hardening of socioeconomic inequalities in health.

168 ergenerational transmission of socioeconomic inequalities in health.

169 o examine trends in health and socioeconomic inequalities in health.

170 ealth promotion policies may help reduce SEP inequalities in health.

171 rt effects have had on trends in black-white inequalities in heart disease mortality.

172 TION: ART is successful in helping to reduce inequalities in HRQoL between HIV-positive and HIV-negat

173 to decouple income and health, or to reduce inequalities in income, we might see the emergence of a

174 We examined how SEP inequalities in inflammation -assessed using C-reactive

175 We found that SEP inequalities in inflammation followed heterogeneous patt

176 diet explained part, but not all, of the SEP inequalities in inflammation; in general, BMI exerted th

177 Inequalities in medical care are endemic in the USA.

178 nd rare variant analysis in order to address inequalities in medical genomic analysis.The authors of

179 59), suggesting a reduction in socioeconomic inequalities in mental health.

180 s associated with reductions in racial group inequalities in mortality in Brazil.

181 to a) assess racial/ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in noise pollution in the contiguous United

182 nt in screening uptake, but further reducing inequalities in screening uptake through written materia

183 INTERPRETATION: Ethnic inequalities in sexual health markers exist, and they we

184 INTERPRETATION: Global inequalities in survival from childhood leukaemia have n

185 here is better national data on the scale of inequalities in the healthcare workforce, there is a gap

186 n a general population sample, socioeconomic inequalities in the risk of type 2 diabetes extend to ol

187 We examined trends in education-related inequalities in US MVA death rates from 1995 to 2010.

188 Because inequalities in visual health by social position mirror

189 country-specific strategies tackling social inequalities in visual health in adults, little is known

190 ing challenges include continuing to address inequalities in wealth distribution, poverty, and access

191 hould focus on understanding factors driving inequalities in weight gain between individuals.

192 ect between-group compared with within-group inequalities in weight gain in the United States.

193 rtion clinic, no national study has examined inequality in access to abortion and whether inequality

194 onal factors; however, it might also suggest inequality in access to certain aspects of health care f

195 rities should be encouraged to eliminate the inequality in cervical cancer incidence in the medium te

196 ty, the results suggest that rising economic inequality in contemporary society can spark skepticism

197 in vaccine and cervical screening uptake on inequality in disease incidence in England.

198 ll described, but little is known about this inequality in ethnic minorities.

199 Inequality in health outcomes in relation to Americans'

200 er, we examine how mass incarceration shapes inequality in health.

201 We find inequality in how activity is distributed within countri

202 ublic health interventions aimed at reducing inequality in HPV-related disease incidence: increasing

203 addition to standard concerns with relative inequality in income, the article reviews evidence on co

204 Second, inequality in life expectancy increased over time.

205 t with previous studies, we found increasing inequality in mortality at older ages.

206 ps of U.S. counties as a basis for analyzing inequality in mortality for all age groups in 1990, 2000

207 of Ghana's districts, but the cross-district inequality in mortality has increased.

208 Many recent studies point to increasing inequality in mortality in the United States over the pa

209 veal a strong similarity between patterns of inequality in nature and society, hinting at fundamental

210 owledge, no nationwide studies have assessed inequality in noise pollution.

211 . population, so this research suggests that inequality in old-age mortality is likely to decline.

212 = 704) in which apparent levels of economic inequality in participants' home states were portrayed a

213 We observed rising inequality in the distribution of funding and that its e

214 strikingly high and rising level of economic inequality in the nation has alarmed scholars, pundits,

215 experiments (n = 811), we found that higher inequality in the outcomes of an economic game led parti

216 exposed to information about rising economic inequality in the United States (or control information)

217 s reveal an underappreciated layer of racial inequality in the United States, one that could contribu

218 Widening economic inequality in the USA has been accompanied by increasing

219 Income inequality in the USA has increased over the past four d

220 This report, part of a Series on health and inequality in the USA, focuses on how the health-care sy

221 mine their local delay (activation time) and inequality in voltage splitting (entropy), and their rel

222 Consideration of income inequality, in addition to income level, may provide a b

223 Distal factors correlated with rising inequality including unequal access to technological inn

224 0 children increased significantly as income inequality increased from low (27.2; 95% CI, 26.5-27.9)

225 o at birth, Gender Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, and Gender Parity Index for primary sc

226 ry exposure to both physical and situational inequality, induced by the design of environments, can f

227 rmation about geographical and socioeconomic inequalities is available.

228 nformation about trends in adolescent health inequalities is scarce, especially at an international l

229 s distributed within countries and that this inequality is a better predictor of obesity prevalence i

230 Rising income inequality is a global trend.

231 Income inequality is associated with poor health and social out

232 The observed violation of a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is clear evidence for the non-classical natur

233 duals to be less generous pertains only when inequality is high, challenging the view that higher-inc

234 nclude inequity aversion, a moral sense that inequality is intrinsically unfair, and cultural explana

235 These findings suggest that societal inequality is reflected in people's minds as dominance m

236 otional state, where emotional reactivity to inequality is strongly predictive of altruism in an inde

237 In female adolescents, the high-inequality low-income group displayed the greatest age-r

238 In conclusion, oral health inequalities manifest in different ways in different age

239 both childhood and adulthood, trends in BMI inequalities may differ according to other dimensions of

240 Results suggest that inequality may promote poor outcomes, in part, by increa

241 range, 0 [perfect equality] to 1.00 [perfect inequality]), median household income, and total populat

242 s, we examine the association between income inequality, mental health problems, use of mental health

243 INTERPRETATION: Income inequality negatively affects mental health but the effe

244 ulate that female adolescents living in high-inequality neighborhoods and low-income households may e

245 We find a violation of the CHSH-Bell inequality of 2.35 +/- 0.18, in agreement with the first

246 Inequality of opportunity, defined as differences in the

247 We computed Gini coefficients to study the inequality of under-5 mortality rates across counties.

248 based on the violation of temporal steering inequalities, of the security of two quantum key distrib

249 Physical inequality on airplanes-that is, the presence of a first

250 CHSH (Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt)-type Bell inequality on entangled states composed of different ion

251 into the direct biological effects of social inequality on immune function, thus improving our unders

252 impacts of advantageous and disadvantageous inequality on momentary happiness at the individual leve

253 To determine the influence of income inequality on pediatric hospitalization rates for ambula

254 care, physical environmental factors, income inequality, or labor market conditions.

255 oviding powerful evidence that the US health inequality patterns are not inevitable.

256 locations for real, we also found that while inequality per se did not influence pain perception, alt

257 tdown increased steadily over time, but wide inequalities persist between and within countries.

258 Despite progress, important inequalities persist, and need to be addressed to achiev

259 ggression and violence (e.g., wealth, income inequality, political circumstances, historic circumstan

260 ng water is a human right, crucial to combat inequalities, reduce poverty and allow sustainable devel

261 nt funding, low education levels, and social inequalities remain as the main barriers to be overcome.

262 This arbitrary inequality results from cumulative advantage in the repu

263 , income, access to health care, area income inequality, segregation, and social capital.

264 al tension in the sociology of education and inequality, shedding light on how schools can-at once-be

265 Although the increase in income inequality since 1980 has been driven largely by soaring

266 High dropout rates, dosing inequalities, small sample sizes, and poor assessment of

267 history, opening directions for research on inequality, sociality, and aging.

268 f relatively fixed, macrostructural forms of inequality, such as socioeconomic status; we examine how

269 However, certain causes contributed more to inequality than to overall YLLs.

270 sing how the multidimensional and multilevel inequalities that characterize contemporary cities bear

271 d as reaching age 85 years, shows geographic inequalities that may depend on local environmental cond

272 measurements on distant particles satisfy an inequality that can be violated if the particles are ent

273 e, the effects of regulation, the origins of inequality, the connection between work and wages, the e

274 tries (n = 41,824): The greater the national inequality, the greater is the endorsement of between-gr

275 ather than revealing insensitivity to rising inequality, the results suggest that rising economic ine

276 apid reductions in the NCD burden and health inequalities, they will also need to complement tobacco

277 mal child development and perpetuates health inequalities through the intergenerational transmission

278 by application of Hoeffding large deviations inequalities to evaluate the performance of empirical su

279 s review, we apply the theory of categorical inequality to education, focusing particularly on contem

280 research tested a behavioral account linking inequality to individual decision making.

281 The mechanisms linking inequality to poor outcomes among individuals are poorly

282 By applying the notion of categorical inequality to schools, we provide a set of conceptual to

283 Research on inequality typically examines the effects of relatively

284 However, higher income inequality uniquely related to fewer days of physical ac

285 Our aim was to investigate inequalities using diverse indicators of oral health and

286 The recently reported violation of a Bell inequality using entangled electronic spins in diamonds

287 We validate this platform by measuring Bell inequality violations and performing quantum state tomog

288 ample size, contextual level at which income inequality was assessed, quality assessment, type of ins

289 lity and resilience; it found greater income inequality was associated with higher prevalence of depr

290 but were more evident in women than men, and inequalities were larger among women in the 1970 cohort

291 of other studies, we find an enormous global inequality where 20 of the 36 highest emitting countries

292 r, future emissions scenarios show that this inequality will significantly worsen by 2030.

293 itative studies of the association of income inequality with prevalence or incidence of mental disord

294 reduce inequalities in adult BMI that tackle inequality with respect to both childhood and adult SEP

295 hat it is characterized by varying levels of inequality, with initial increases in access being typic

296 the protocol is assessed by violating a Bell inequality, with the degree of violation determining the

297 these categories contribute to production of inequalities within schools and beyond.

298 ntributed more significantly to geographical inequality within King County.

299 s infectious disease risks and global health inequalities worldwide, with a particular focus on the r

300 The Gini coefficient, which measures income inequality, would decrease from 0.66 to 0.33.