ライフサイエンスコーパス: infectious dose

1 and is inversely proportional to the initial infectious dose.

2 ary infection, but with little change in the infectious dose.

3 s detected by PCR, and did not increase with infectious dose.

4 nd progressively more severe with increasing infectious dose.

5 , 8, or 10 birds) had no effect upon the 50% infectious dose.

6 rne pathogens causing serious disease at low infectious dose.

7 es at concentrations that are well-below the infectious dose.

8 ed one million fatalities per annum at a low infectious dose.

9 ring rotavirus doses of greater than one 50% infectious dose.

10 inked both to the viral replication rate and infectious dose.

11 ually acquired infection, because of a small infectious dose.

12 ), and 1-10 (group 3) cynomolgus macaque HEV infectious doses.

13 ased significantly in response to increasing infectious doses.

14 ed from the lungs of mice compared to higher infectious doses.

15 ice upon intranasal challenge with 1 million infectious doses.

16 ets inoculated with 10(3) 50% tissue culture infectious doses.

17 At a relatively high infectious dose (1 x 10(5) pfu/cornea): (1) CD4-deficien

18 In contrast, even at the highest infectious dose (1 x 10(8) PFU per eye), d34.5 was less

19 irulent (23 of 23 survivors) than the normal infectious dose (2 x 10(5) PFU per eye) of marker-rescue

20 ase even after peripheral challenge with low infectious doses (31 in a total of 410 days).

21 An optimal dose of 10(7) tissue culture infectious dose 50 was reached that caused mild to moder

22 Chronic HTLV VLs may be related to the infectious dose acquired at the time of infection, with

23 erum-derived wild-type HBV (5,000 chimpanzee infectious doses administered intravenously), despite ro

24 he human strain 027/BI/NAP1, establishing an infectious dose-age relationship.

25 or Shiga toxin-producing pathogen, has a low infectious dose and causes serious illness in humans.

26 k compensated for any initial differences in infectious dose and exceeded the threshold for transmiss

27 To examine the relationship between the infectious dose and gammaherpesvirus latency, we inocula

28 the level of memory induced was dependent on infectious dose and inversely correlated with the magnit

29 These pathogens have a low infectious dose and may cause life-threatening illnesses

30 a potential biological threat due to its low infectious dose and multiple routes of entry.

31 ivity, as measured by the 50% tissue culture infectious dose and nested PCR analysis of proviral DNA.

32 The 50% tissue culture infectious dose and p24 antigen concentration for each v

33 mmaherpesvirus latency is independent of the infectious dose and route of infection.

34 as conditional: it could be overcome by high infectious dose and the arthritis became severe when hig

35 notorious foodborne pathogen due to its low infectious dose and the disease symptoms it causes, whic

36 ctic H. pylori isolates had an increased 50% infectious dose and were greatly outcompeted when coinfe

37 At all infectious doses and in both tissues, the V delta 6.3+ p

38 ifferences were observed in intravaginal 50% infectious doses and in challenge infections, with the W

39 C57BL/6N mice could not be overcome by high infectious doses and was independent of spirochete level

40 infects over 250 different hosts, has a low infectious dose, and causes high morbidity and mortality

41 ended on the duration of MCMV infection, the infectious dose, and MCMV gene expression but was indepe

42 characterized by high infectivity rate, low infectious dose, and unusually high stability outside th

43 nfection diminishes more rapidly, and higher infectious doses are required to obtain infection rates

44 rain exhibits a 100-fold increase in the 50% infectious dose, as well as a 100-fold defect in competi

45 Even with increased infectious doses, CD4 T cells display this restricted pr

46 k was determined to be 5 x 10(5) 50% chicken infectious doses (CID(50)) per ml.

47 approximately 1.8-log10 reduction in the 50% infectious dose compared to that for wild-type A. pyogen

48 E. coli O157:H7, which has an unusually low infectious dose, could be induced by quorum sensing of s

49 immediate, transient, calcium dependent, and infectious dose dependent and was unaffected by a broad-

50 ets infected intranasally with 10(7) 50% egg infectious doses (EID(50)) of either H5N1 virus exhibite

51 the end of the disease, the estimated total infectious dose excreted in faeces by an infected deer o

52 Due to its aerosolizable nature and low infectious dose, F. tularensis is classified as a catego

53 The 50% chicken infectious dose for A/MuteSwan/MI/451072-2/06 and three

54 The infectious dose for biofilm-derived V. cholerae was orde

55 The median infectious dose for C3H mice was 10(4) to 10(5) organism

56 The 50% mosquito infectious dose for each of DENV-1-4 ranged from 6.29 to

57 Currently, the infectious dose for humans, as well as whether the disea

58 dose-response experiment found that the 50% infectious dose for male urethral infection was 78 inclu

59 the infected hamsters contained > or =10(10) infectious doses/g.

60 An/13 was found to have a low 50% infectious dose, grow to high titers in the upper respir

61 of the G. mellonella larvae that was strain, infectious dose, growth phase, and T4SS dependent.

62 bacterial clearance and were resistant to an infectious dose (>10(6) CFU/mouse) that was uniformly le

63 se after inoculation with 10 million hamster infectious doses, hamster scrapie infectivity persists i

64 ol (three administrations of 10 median horse infectious doses [HID(50)], intravenous) designed to mim

65 ve cells as quantified by 50% tissue culture infectious doses, however, was only 0.0006 to 0.005% of

66 00-fold higher than the corresponding median infectious dose (ID(50)) values measured by bioassay.

67 To establish the 50% infectious dose (ID(50)), C3H/HeN (H-2(k)) male mice wer

68 ted spirochetal surface adhesins, on the 50% infectious dose (ID(50)), dissemination, tissue coloniza

69 To determine the 50% infectious dose (ID(50)), male mice were inoculated with

70 of RNA per reaction and 10(-1.3 - -0.7) 50% infectious doses (ID(50)) per reaction for cultured viru

71 , and viral yield was very poor at 2 x 10(4) infectious doses (ID)/ml.

72 s in experimental mice (as determined by 50% infectious dose [ID(50)]) relative to wild-type spiroche

73 n in mice and hamsters revealed that the 50% infectious dose (ID50 ) of spores was significantly high

74 The 50% infectious dose (ID50) and lethal dose (LD50) of virus w

75 The 50% infectious dose (ID50) in hamsters was determined.

76 sting reduces PrP(TSE), resulting in one 50% infectious dose (ID50) remaining in every 5600 kg of fin

77 d to nearly a 10(4)-fold increase in the 50% infectious dose (ID50).

78 T10 SCI rats and controls had median infectious doses (ID50) of 10(2) and 10(5) CFU, respecti

79 the two LDVs and detects as little as 10 50% infectious doses (ID50) of LDV.

80 rice-water' stools have a 10-fold lower oral infectious dose in an animal model than in vitro grown V

81 These data also suggest that the infectious dose is as low as one organism, that rats tha

82 Although a large initial infectious dose is required for infection, data suggests

83 ia small droplet-aerosols and has a very low infectious dose it is characterized as a category A Sele

84 Low mean bird infectious doses (<2 to 3.7 log10) support direct introd

85 The 50% human infectious dose measured is higher than previous estimat

86 cted foci were as high as the tissue culture infectious doses measured in human peripheral blood mono

87 completely protected against 100 50% monkey infectious doses (MID50) of DENV-4, as indicated by the

88 MP assay was as low as 1.62x10(1) 50% embryo infectious dose/mL of virus in both regular samples and

89 ters of unconcentrated virus up to 5 x 10(5) infectious doses/ml.

90 HCV in a chimpanzee was approximately 10(4) infectious doses/mL.

91 e pools had titers of 10(3)-10(5) chimpanzee infectious doses/mL.

92 virus, SHIV89.6P, we compared the 50% animal infectious dose needed to achieve systemic infection aft

93 No differences in the 95% infectious dose occurred between strains with regard to

94 mately 2.6 x 10(3) spores, below the anthrax infectious dose of 10(4) spores.

95 ulting in 40% or higher survival rates at an infectious dose of 40 LD50.

96 pesvirus pathogenesis, it is unclear how the infectious dose of a virus influences its ability to est

97 res/mL was obtained, which is well-below the infectious dose of anthrax spores at 2.5 x 10(5) spores/

98 to OspC, the animals were challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi B31 by tick bite.

99 conversion, the mice were challenged with an infectious dose of B. burgdorferi B31 via the natural tr

100 The infectious dose of Cryptosporidium varies by several ord

101 At the highest infectious dose of d34.5, the spontaneous reactivation r

102 rickle immunized by being orally fed a small infectious dose of E. tenella oocysts for 5 consecutive

103 cute disease in two animals, while a similar infectious dose of EIAV(17TM) (which derives SU from the

104 The minimum infectious dose of H. pylori J166 was 10(4) bacteria in

105 We sought to determine the infectious dose of Helicobacter pylori during primary an

106 At a relatively low infectious dose of HSV-1 (10(3) pfu/cornea) severe HSK d

107 y mediate HSK, but, in their absence, a high infectious dose of HSV-1 can induce histologically simil

108 Emitters surpassed the airborne 50% human infectious dose of influenza virus at all sample locatio

109 These results suggest that the infectious dose of naturally occurring biofilms of V. ch

110 The small infectious dose of NLV, the large quantity of virus part

111 The low 50% infectious dose of P. yoelii in BALB/c mice provides the

112 d resistance property contributes to the low infectious dose of pathogenic E. coli species.

113 in virus infectivity; the 50% tissue culture infectious dose of primary isolates was 25 to 30 times l

114 by inoculating animals with 10(10.5) 50% egg infectious dose of the latter virus and identified a mut

115 noculation with 7 x 10(6) 50% tissue culture infectious dose of the MERS-CoV isolate HCoV-EMC/2012, r

116 d foundation for assessing their role in the infectious dose of the pathogens when contaminated fresh

117 In this study, we have modulated the infectious dose of the poxvirus vaccinia virus as an app

118 en when inoculated with only a single animal infectious dose of the virus by the intravaginal route.

119 An understanding of the infectious dose of these viruses is important for risk a

120 ad range of epitope expression with the same infectious dose of virus.

121 quential rechallenge with 100 50% chimpanzee infectious doses of a heterologous type 1a (H77) and 1b

122 uvant and were challenged with 10(6) 50% egg infectious doses of A/HK/213/03, A/HK/156/97, or A/Vietn

123 each inoculated with 5 x 10(4.5) 50% chicken infectious doses of avian HEV by the oronasal route, gro

124 of P. aeruginosa infection by allowing lower infectious doses of bacteria to induce disease and promo

125 ieved with a minimum of 2,500 tissue culture infectious doses of cell-free virus stock, and there was

126 e we use a rapid in vitro assay to show that infectious doses of CWD prions are in fact shed througho

127 Thus, at increasing infectious doses of d34.5, both spontaneous reactivation

128 ians and African Americans with expected low infectious doses of HCV but not in those with high-dose

129 1 chimpanzees challenged with 100 chimpanzee infectious doses of heterologous genotypes, 6 developed

130 patients with influenza could be exposed to infectious doses of influenza virus, primarily in small-

131 3 once-weekly exposures to 10 tissue culture infectious doses of SHIV(SF162P3) resulted in consistent

132 challenged intrarectally with 50 50% animal infectious doses of SHIV89.6P 3 weeks after the last imm

133 were challenged intravenously with 10 monkey infectious doses of SIVmac239.

134 tly challenged with thirty 50% rhesus monkey infectious doses of SIVmac251 6 weeks after the last vac

135 ice were inoculated intracerebrally with low infectious doses of SY and challenged 80 days later with

136 s against subsequent challenge with 10 mouse infectious doses of the laboratory-adapted T-cell-tropic

137 llowing intravenous challenge with 20 animal infectious doses of the pathogenic SIV(Mne) in a long-te

138 in chimpanzees subsequently challenged with infectious doses of virus.

139 nged in groups of four with 10 rhesus monkey infectious doses of wild-type, pathogenic SIVmac251 at w

140 In this study, the effects of increasing infectious dose on the severity of arthritis were determ

141 tion at a dose of 1 x 109 50% tissue culture infectious dose on treatment days 22, 36, 50, 64, 78, an

142 iled to cause lethal encephalitis (at higher infectious doses) or induce the inflammatory responses a

143 were compatible with what is known about the infectious dose, our results are most consistent with an

144 infected deer would shed thousands of prion infectious doses over the course of CWD infection.

145 is reduced by 102.4-103.9 50% tissue-culture infectious doses per gram of tissue, and the severity of

146 (approximately 10(7.7)-10(9.5) woodchuck 50% infectious doses per milliliter [WID(50%)/mL] by subcuta

147 s scrapie in blood plasma exceeded 10(7) 50% infectious doses per milliliter.

148 e limit of detection of the bioassay was 0.2 infectious doses per mL.

149 Surprisingly, when inoculated with equal infectious doses (PFU), even the most replication-defici

150 The total number of infectious doses present in the blood pool was 220, out

151 eekly vaginal exposures to 50 tissue culture infectious dose SHIV162p3.

152 Infectious dose studies indicated that 8-fold more B. bu

153 nN mice, arthritis severity was dependent on infectious dose; symptoms were mild with infection by 20

154 ranging from 0.59 to 87.5 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID(50)) per reaction depending on th

155 k virus titers of 10(5.1) 50% tissue culture infectious doses (TCID(50))/ml and 10(5.5) TCID(50)/ml o

156 duction (0.7 to 1.5 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose [TCID50]) in nasal wash viral titers and

157 alth complications and utilizes a much lower infectious dose than other E. coli pathotypes.

158 318 were found to have a 100-fold-higher 50% infectious dose than spirochetes containing bb0318 In ad

159 registered only a slight increase in the 50% infectious dose than the control in SCID mice but a dram

160 i (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen with a low infectious dose that colonizes the colon in humans and c

161 The infectious dose that led to consistent dissemination to

162 produced lethal disease when administered at infectious doses that were 6- to 30-fold higher than a l

163 Analysis revealed the size of the infectious dose, the underlying mechanism of parasite de

164 At all infectious doses, the levels of spirochetes in ankle joi

165 om early use of threshold concepts ("minimal infectious dose") thru multiple generations of models.

166 before B. pertussis inoculation reduced the infectious dose to <100 CFU, and reintroduction of singl

167 rom BALB/cAnN mice increased with increasing infectious dose to levels found in severely arthritic C3

168 relatively small inocula, yet the effect of infectious dose upon CD4 T cell activation is not clearl

169 -2 challenges, as indicated by increased 50% infectious dose values relative to those for vehicle-tre

170 Thus, when the infectious dose was adjusted, the two assays were equall

171 The 50% human infectious dose was calculated to be 3.3 reverse transcr

172 The median infectious dose was estimated to be 300 oocysts for huma

173 After the infectious dose was increased to 10(6) CFU/mouse, 70% mo

174 A unique response to increasing infectious dose was seen in C57BL/6N mice, which display

175 (day 3) after infection if a relatively low infectious dose was used; however, transferring fewer me

176 Finally, by analyzing the 50% infectious dose, we found that motility is needed for in

177 he blood pool was 220, out of which only 3.5 infectious doses were associated with platelets.

178 olonization densities were lower and minimum infectious doses were higher for mutant strains than for

179 etween 4 and 27 times the 50% tissue culture infectious dose, were sufficient to cause a lethal, repr

180 r. inoculation of approximately 3 50% animal infectious doses, which is close to the threshold requir

181 3H/He mice developed severe arthritis at all infectious doses, with 100% infection requiring 200 spir