ライフサイエンスコーパス: inhibitory neuron

1 in excitatory neurons and other subtypes of inhibitory neuron.

2 l cells that are densely interconnected with inhibitory neurons.

3 nd decreased excitatory synaptic response in inhibitory neurons.

4 or context that targets specific classes of inhibitory neurons.

5 ons or medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-like inhibitory neurons.

6 horn in TOW mice, specifically in GABAergic inhibitory neurons.

7 ons may be mainly driven by the NPY-positive inhibitory neurons.

8 s that Dravet Syndrome arises from defective inhibitory neurons.

9 ar dimensions, which is modulated further by inhibitory neurons.

10 acid neurotransmission and in the density of inhibitory neurons.

11 L5, in part by activating deep, fast-spiking inhibitory neurons.

12 rge of, and synaptic divergence from, nearby inhibitory neurons.

13 lectivity is observed in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

14 ) occurs at excitatory synapses made on some inhibitory neurons.

15 a strikingly diverse array of local-circuit inhibitory neurons.

16 olidation in Drosophila, are sleep-promoting inhibitory neurons.

17 axon cells (SACs), the two major glomerular inhibitory neurons.

18 lly defined subpopulations of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

19 ly heterogenous population of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

20 e spatial organization of RFs of presynaptic inhibitory neurons.

21 d cell cycle and overproduction of GABAergic inhibitory neurons.

22 cs of large-scale networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

23 inputs can directly activate excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

24 atory neurons while inducing excitation onto inhibitory neurons.

25 gram that is induced by neuronal activity in inhibitory neurons.

26 d by amacrine cells, which are thought to be inhibitory neurons.

27 egulate the ratio of cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

28 ain conditions affecting dendritic-targeting inhibitory neurons.

29 duced gain modulation of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

30 inhibition from parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory neurons.

31 , whereas type B synapses contacted presumed inhibitory neurons.

32 le for presynaptic Fmr1 in the excitation of inhibitory neurons.

33 ts for impaired excitation of neocortical FS inhibitory neurons.

34 tially from more narrowly tuned fast-spiking inhibitory neurons.

35 excitatory connections and for the axons of inhibitory neurons.

36 uts to the RNm targeted a region that lacked inhibitory neurons.

37 e the coordinated activity of excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

38 etic stimulation which predominantly targets inhibitory neurons.

39 d pulse-trains stimulate both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

40 la express SR, including both excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

41 regulating the subtype-specific functions of inhibitory neurons.

42 res mainly enwrapping parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons.

43 precise interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons.

44 neuron ratio and the percentage of GABAergic inhibitory neurons.

45 the phenotype of mice lacking MeCP2 only in inhibitory neurons.

46 reduced firing of fast-spiking, presumptive inhibitory, neurons.

47 by incorporating a private signal targeting inhibitory neurons, a common mechanism proposed for gain

48 ionally through the increased recruitment of inhibitory neurons, a phenomenon referred to as excitati

49 increasing the gains of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, a variety of the observed dynamic ne

50 odulates cortical activity and identifies an inhibitory neuron able to regulate the strength of corti

51 simply balancing excitatory neuron activity, inhibitory neurons actively shape excitatory circuits in

52 Inhibitory neuron activity was relatively stable and bal

53 monkey neocortex, the LFP reflects primarily inhibitory neuron activity.

54 a compelling argument for what one class of inhibitory neurons actually does.

55 iated inhibitory tone, with L2/3 parvalbumin inhibitory neurons also being suppressed.

56 racellular matrix typically localized around inhibitory neurons, also surround mouse CA2 pyramidal ne

57 In the visual cortex, inhibitory neurons alter the computations performed by t

58 Inhibitory neurons, although relatively few in number, e

59 Oscillations are driven by inhibitory neurons and are modulated by sensory stimuli

60 We investigated dTBI effects on inhibitory neurons and astrocytes in somatosensory and m

61 d to degrade perineuronal nets on endogenous inhibitory neurons and enhance synaptic plasticity in ho

62 s-specific adaptation (SSA) also prevails in inhibitory neurons and how it might relate to deviance d

63 this early developmental risk factor impacts inhibitory neurons and how these findings intersect with

64 haracterizing molecularly defined cohorts of inhibitory neurons and interrogating the functional cont

65 that in turn inhibit parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons and pyramidal neurons.

66 interneurons, differentiated into functional inhibitory neurons and received excitatory synaptic inpu

67 ruit different proportions of excitatory and inhibitory neurons and show distinct patterns of circuit

68 that PGC-1alpha is primarily concentrated in inhibitory neurons and that PGC-1alpha is required for t

69 BA)-releasing projections target hippocampal inhibitory neurons and thus act as a disinhibitory gate

70 m synaptic interactions among excitatory and inhibitory neurons and thus provide important insight in

71 of cortical populations into excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and for the neural oscillations that

72 GluR5 is expressed in glutamatergic neurons, inhibitory neurons, and glia in various brain regions.

73 ponents of the neurotransmitter machinery in inhibitory neurons, and other later aspects of neural de

74 While dTBI effects on inhibitory neurons appear region- and type-specific, a c

75 adial units of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons are assembled from progenitors that a

76 Although biophysical details of inhibitory neurons are becoming known, it is challenging

77 However, some GABAergic inhibitory neurons are capable of firing at very high ra

78 Inhibitory neurons are critical for proper brain functio

79 Inhibitory neurons are heterogeneous in the mature brain

80 omposed of different types of excitatory and inhibitory neurons are not well understood.

81 the mechanisms that regulate this process in inhibitory neurons are only poorly understood.

82 nciple" of inhibitory connectivity, in which inhibitory neurons are untuned for stimulus features due

83 for the first time that long-range inputs to inhibitory neurons are well tuned to orientation.

84 d before or after nerve injury, develop into inhibitory neurons, are activated by nociceptive primary

85 Inhibitory neurons as characterized in the present study

86 ctivity is widespread in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons as well as in oligodendrocytes and ol

87 s) and is widely expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, as well as in glial cells.

88 Golgi cells are the principal inhibitory neurons at the input stage of the cerebellum,

89 s in two distinct populations of neocortical inhibitory neurons: basket cells and Martinotti cells.

90 In excitatory but not parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons, both early and late components depen

91 are characterized by a strong implication of inhibitory neurons, both in terms of their firing rate a

92 cally, SSA dynamics involving excitatory and inhibitory neurons can be achieved by modifying the conn

93 equency, we found that phasic stimulation of inhibitory neurons can increase inspiratory frequency vi

94 Still, how the properties of specific inhibitory neuron classes relate to their local circuits

95 Ca(2+) responses in tadpoles, we found that inhibitory neurons cluster into two groups with opposite

96 A recent study shows that midbrain GABA (inhibitory) neurons code for environmentally predicted r

97 Cortical inhibitory neurons contact each other to form a network

98 y cytokines, together with a degeneration of inhibitory neurons, contribute to impair GABAergic trans

99 Local inhibitory neurons control the timing of neural activity

100 A heterogeneous population of inhibitory neurons controls the flow of information thro

101 differences between cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons could predict the experimental data a

102 ing six populations of spinal excitatory and inhibitory neurons, coupled with behavioral and electrop

103 changes were also observed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons cultured from Cd40(-/-) mice and were

104 The changes in excitatory and inhibitory neurons cultured from Cd40(-/-) mice were mim

105 Neocortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons derive from distinct progenitor domai

106 te that electrical synaptic plasticity among inhibitory neurons directly interacts with the switching

107 ommon APA preferences between excitatory and inhibitory neurons distinct from astrocytes and microgli

108 Inhibitory neurons dominate the intrinsic circuits in th

109 We have previously shown defects in inhibitory neuron drive onto excitatory projection neuro

110 g of networks of modules with excitatory and inhibitory neurons, each receiving excitatory inputs fro

111 ts for distinct mechanisms by which cortical inhibitory neurons enhance the brain's sensitivity to un

112 Experimental studies suggest that these inhibitory neurons exert some form of divisive inhibitio

113 ecific pooling of excitatory inputs and that inhibitory neurons exhibit orientation-specific noise co

114 Neocortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkably diverse morphology

115 This population of inhibitory neurons exhibited enhanced responses during e

116 It is unclear when and how inhibitory neurons express distinct structural and funct

117 Here, we examined the role of inhibitory neurons expressing somatostatin (SOM(+)) or p

118 on and origins of orientation selectivity in inhibitory neurons expressing the calcium binding protei

119 Our results indicate that developing inhibitory neurons fall into distinct functional groups

120 nt role of local excitatory input in driving inhibitory neuron firing during rhythmic states and may

121 thways and distinct neurochemical classes of inhibitory neurons, followed by analyses of appositions

122 her with spinal SOM(+) excitatory and Dyn(+) inhibitory neurons, form a microcircuit that transmits a

123 al nervous systems, including excitatory and inhibitory neurons from several brain regions, as well a

124 Transplanted embryonic inhibitory neurons from the medial ganglionic eminence r

125 oreover, in vitro glucose sensing of glucose-inhibitory neurons from the ventromedial hypothalamus wa

126 Initial clinical trials show enhancement of inhibitory neuron function related to sensory gating and

127 ls, the most numerous population of cortical inhibitory neurons, greatly decreases SWA and cortical f

128 urons and motoneurons, whereas a minority of inhibitory neurons had commissural axonal projections.

129 ic access to molecularly defined subtypes of inhibitory neurons has aided their functional characteri

130 Inhibitory neurons have been shown to perform a variety

131 l cortex (V1) have shown that excitatory and inhibitory neurons have different tuning properties.

132 he output synapses of parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons, have only recently started to be add

133 ly select and regionally confined subsets of inhibitory neurones in key respiratory circuits such as

134 Here, we find that the level of activity of inhibitory neurons in AC controls frequency specificity

135 uit based approach to understand the role of inhibitory neurons in auditory processing.

136 imary visual cortex layer 2/3 excitatory and inhibitory neurons in awake mice during passive visual s

137 g loss of connections between excitatory and inhibitory neurons in both directions.

138 tory neurons and two distinct populations of inhibitory neurons in both superficial and deep layers o

139 cting the functional roles of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in cortical circuits is a fundamental

140 CANCE STATEMENT The wiring of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in cortical circuits is key to determ

141 Inhibitory neurons in cortical circuits play critical ro

142 At the same time, the computational role of inhibitory neurons in cortical microcircuit function has

143 The roles played by cortical inhibitory neurons in experience-dependent plasticity ar

144 cific GCaMP6f expression to demonstrate that inhibitory neurons in ferret visual cortex respond robus

145 ed monosynaptic currents from excitatory and inhibitory neurons in L4.

146 ynaptic transmission with BLA excitatory and inhibitory neurons in late infancy, events that coincide

147 nsition to motherhood affects excitatory and inhibitory neurons in layer 2/3 (L2/3) of the mouse prim

148 hat the known proportion and connectivity of inhibitory neurons in layer 4 of primary visual cortex i

149 The lack of direct thalamic input to inhibitory neurons in M1 may indicate temporal differenc

150 ound that deleting Mecp2 only from GABAergic inhibitory neurons in mice replicates most of this pheno

151 rvalbumin-positive and somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons in mice that were free to rest or run

152 togenetic activation of parvalbumin-positive inhibitory neurons in mouse primary visual cortex and co

153 but the precise role of specific classes of inhibitory neurons in ODP is controversial.

154 erential and cooperative roles of SOM and PV inhibitory neurons in orchestrating specific cortical os

155 calcium imaging of identified excitatory and inhibitory neurons in superficial layers of cat primary

156 on vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing inhibitory neurons in the barrel and auditory cortices o

157 dy reveals new information on excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the BNST, which will facilitate ge

158 asing their spike firing rates, two types of inhibitory neurons in the cat's visual cortex paradoxica

159 Key inhibitory neurons in the circuit lie in a column of mor

160 Excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the CNS are distinguished by sever

161 ve deletion of Mecp2 from excitatory but not inhibitory neurons in the forebrain reduces GABAergic tr

162 ddition, the participation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the gamma rhythm varies across loc

163 of excitatory neurons and reduced numbers of inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus, as well as impair

164 ated SynII function at different subtypes of inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus.

165 obust plasticity of excitatory synapses onto inhibitory neurons in the lateral subdivision of the CeA

166 of activation of feedforward excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the main input layer of V1 are lik

167 Parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons in the mammalian CNS are specialized

168 ortical excitatory neurons but not forebrain inhibitory neurons in the mouse leads to spontaneous sei

169 he endocannabinoid system and those in other inhibitory neurons in the prefrontal cortex in subjects

170 alamocortical connectivity and dispersion of inhibitory neurons in the rapidly growing cortex.

171 ne the activity of individual excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the same region of the layer 2/3 m

172 Inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord perform dedicated

173 spect of motor coordination is controlled by inhibitory neurons in the spinal cord; however, the iden

174 ell recordings from layer 2/3 excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the visual cortex of awake behavin

175 However, we find that PV+ inhibitory neurons in V1 play a critical role in the exp

176 entified LGN inputs onto both excitatory and inhibitory neurons in V1, their synaptic properties have

177 naptic inputs to parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory neurons in visual cortex.

178 rony at baseline, while MeCP2 dysfunction in inhibitory neurons increased susceptibility to hypersync

179 Through their highly divergent axons, inhibitory neurons indiscriminately contact most neighbo

180 There has been a surge of interest in how inhibitory neurons influence the output of local circuit

181 tic changes of three major types of cortical inhibitory neurons (INs) during a neuron-pair operant co

182 hypofunction in parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) inhibitory neurons (INs) may contribute to symptoms in p

183 ed through feed-forward activation of spinal inhibitory neurons (INs).

184 ds on the correct assembly of excitatory and inhibitory neurons into neural circuits.

185 dulation of the gains of both excitatory and inhibitory neurons into our previous biologically based

186 2016) show that transplantation of GABAergic inhibitory neurons into the amygdala boosts the persiste

187 activity of parvalbumin-positive perisomatic inhibitory neurons is both necessary and sufficient for

188 The proper balance of excitatory and inhibitory neurons is crucial for normal processing of s

189 the spike reliability of excitatory but not inhibitory neurons is dependent on tone frequency.

190 ersity within the lineages of excitatory and inhibitory neurons is in part already established at the

191 We find that the tuning of inhibitory neurons is inconsistent with the local non-sp

192 ocal excitation of layer 4 fast-spiking (FS) inhibitory neurons is robustly decreased by 50%, but the

193 h restricted expression in subpopulations of inhibitory neurons, is unclear.

194 also significant interactions with presumed inhibitory neurons labeled for calretinin, calbindin, or

195 Inactivation of RORbeta in inhibitory neurons leads to reduced presynaptic inhibiti

196 thm generator includes the same reciprocally inhibitory neurons LG (lateral gastric) and Int1 (intern

197 The axons of inhibitory neurons located within the LPZ extended acros

198 agmin-1-deficient synapses of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, loss of function of synaptotagmin-7

199 Inhibitory neurons make up a substantial fraction of the

200 from excitatory neurons, but not parvalbumin inhibitory neurons, makes a major contribution to the pa

201 Inhibitory neurons marked by the expression of dynorphin

202 experimental designs targeting a majority of inhibitory neurons may be able to resolve this question.

203 nder promoters targeting a large fraction of inhibitory neurons may provide a perturbation of suffici

204 hese effects are especially prominent in the inhibitory neuron Mi4, and we show that central octopami

205 Thus, inhibitory neurons migrate relatively long distances to

206 e of monosynaptic and disynaptic pathways to inhibitory neurons: Monosynaptic input causes more power

207 rvated each of the three distinct classes of inhibitory neurons, most targeted neurons expressing dop

208 cortical development, newborn excitatory and inhibitory neurons must migrate over long distances to r

209 fects synaptic connections in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, neural circuit plasticity, and memor

210 factors such as Npas4 in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons, Npas4 activates distinct programs of

211 neurons by apoptosis, without any effect on inhibitory neuron numbers.

212 rchitectural changes in neuronal density and inhibitory neuron numbers.

213 ression of Fgf13 mRNA in both excitatory and inhibitory neurons of hippocampus.

214 ed whole-cell recordings from excitatory and inhibitory neurons of mouse primary auditory cortex, we

215 hippocampus differed from that within spiny inhibitory neurons of neostriatum and cerebellar cortex.

216 Cx36-containing electrical synapses between inhibitory neurons of the thalamic reticular nucleus are

217 ion in distinct neuronal types: Rai1 loss in inhibitory neurons or subcortical glutamatergic neurons

218 ive from progenitors in the pallium, whereas inhibitory neurons originate from progenitors in the sub

219 The specific impact of prenatal stress on inhibitory neurons, particularly developmental mechanism

220 r for several psychiatric disorders in which inhibitory neuron pathology is implicated.

221 intersect with research on risk factors and inhibitory neuron pathophysiology in schizophrenia, anxi

222 Axons of many inhibitory neurons projected ipsilaterally also to regio

223 nervate excitatory and functionally distinct inhibitory neurons, providing the basis for differential

224 aining began, whereas parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV-INs), which mainly inhibit periso

225 statin-expressing and parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons reduced their activity, whereas vasoa

226 Inhibitory neurons regulate the adaptation of neural cir

227 al vectors labels a subset of excitatory and inhibitory neurons related to learned lever-pressing beh

228 this modulation, the contributions of other inhibitory neurons remain unclear.

229 al levels of response, while narrow-spiking (inhibitory) neurons remained less active.

230 ect, or are complemented by other classes of inhibitory neurons, remains to be investigated.SIGNIFICA

231 n excitatory and parvalbumin (PV)-expressing inhibitory neurons, respectively.

232 s a broad network of cortical excitatory and inhibitory neurons resulting in increased cortical activ

233 se gain was suggested to be mediated through inhibitory neurons, resulting in the disinhibition of py

234 estigate how the three main types of retinal inhibitory neuron (RIN)--horizontal cells (HCs), inner n

235 Recurrently coupled networks of inhibitory neurons robustly generate oscillations in the

236 cally recover activity after deprivation and inhibitory neurons show no recovery.

237 Dravet inhibitory neurons showed deficits in sodium currents an

238 y as circuit properties, with excitatory and inhibitory neurons showing similar behaviors.

239 n in the activity of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM cells).

240 uced the activity of somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM-INs) in V1 that could potentiall

241 Somatostatin-expressing inhibitory neurons (SOM-INs), which mainly inhibit dista

242 rinsic excitability of somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons (SOMs).

243 nd a quarter in layer 4) ensheathes axons of inhibitory neurons, specifically of parvalbumin-positive

244 positive GABAergic neurons are the essential inhibitory neuron subtype necessary for gamma rhythms.

245 pe and a unique human parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neuron subtype.

246 Functional characterization of distinct inhibitory neuron subtypes has not been sufficient to ex

247 ly, we discuss the idea that dysfunctions of inhibitory neuron subtypes may be responsible for variou

248 We review the emerging view that inhibitory neuron subtypes perform context-dependent mod

249 racting strongly with the firing patterns of inhibitory neurons, suggesting a process of sequence gen

250 n increases synapse number in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, suggesting an instructive role and a

251 ty of the non-specific pooling principle for inhibitory neurons, suggesting different rules for funct

252 se local interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons support ripple generation in the inta

253 synaptic connectivity between excitatory and inhibitory neurons supports the generation of gamma osci

254 ry "simple" cells and presumptive fast-spike inhibitory neurons (suspected inhibitory interneurons).

255 The effect was stronger among putative inhibitory neurons than among putative excitatory neuron

256 ecies conservation of regulatory elements in inhibitory neurons than in excitatory neurons.

257 Here, we identify a wide-field inhibitory neuron that responds to visual stimuli of a p

258 thalamocortical system, gap junctions couple inhibitory neurons that are similar in their biochemical

259 hey facilitate somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory neurons that in turn inhibit parvalbumin-expr

260 V1 interneurons are inhibitory neurons that play an essential role in verteb

261 l. (2014) find that itch can be modulated by inhibitory neurons that produce dynorphin, an endogenous

262 a recurrent network model of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that reproduced in detail the experim

263 6 CT neurons and subnetworks of fast-spiking inhibitory neurons that reset the phase of low-frequency

264 nsist of interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons that result in rhythmic inhibition ca

265 tiple types of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons that together allow us to move, think

266 new neurons received inputs from CA3 and CA1 inhibitory neurons that were rarely observed under contr

267 Among inhibitory neurons, the amygdalar pathway innervated pre

268 led by explicitly considering excitatory and inhibitory neurons, their connectivity and their membran

269 generated, we investigated how two types of inhibitory neurons, those that express parvalbumin and s

270 en predominantly studied in association with inhibitory neurons throughout the brain, we describe a d

271 the connectivity between different types of inhibitory neuron to regulate cortical plasticity are la

272 we show that adding a separate population of inhibitory neurons to a spiking model of V1 provides con

273 ing an external current to the population of inhibitory neurons transformed the model into a type II

274 We found that inhibitory neuron transplantation into the hippocampus o

275 Cortical inhibition is mediated by diverse inhibitory neuron types that can each play distinct role

276 tivities of two classes of ventrally located inhibitory neurons, V1 and V2b interneurons (INs).

277 ivo data suggest that the excitability of PV inhibitory neurons was suppressed during global ischemia

278 ing a cortical model built of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, we explored a wide range of stimulat

279 to jointly and equally target excitatory and inhibitory neurons, we find a large linear regime where

280 The inputs to inhibitory neurons were also traced in cat V1, and when

281 Excitatory and inhibitory neurons were identified by transgenic labelli

282 is of our recordings confirmed that putative inhibitory neurons were indeed more active during desync

283 The dendritic fields of inhibitory neurons were more spatially compact than thos

284 in Cd40(-/-) mice, whereas those of striatal inhibitory neurons were much more exuberant.

285 edict that top-down signals primarily affect inhibitory neurons, whereas excitatory neurons are more

286 eads to the activation of dendrite-targeting inhibitory neurons which in turn suppress dendritic Ca(2

287 a network of heterogeneous canonical Class 1 inhibitory neurons which includes the sub-threshold dyna

288 Parvalbumin-positive (PV+) inhibitory neurons, which are implicated in cortical osc

289 ominantly composed of fast-spiking, putative inhibitory neurons, which displayed unusually strong cou

290 immunoreactivity specifically in a subset of inhibitory neurons, which suggests that increased inhibi

291 ted with alterations in the axonal arbors of inhibitory neurons, which underwent a parallel process o

292 neous firing of parvalbumin-positive (PV(+)) inhibitory neurons, while excitatory and somatostatin-po

293 l cortical layers by recruiting fast-spiking inhibitory neurons whose cell body resides in deep corti

294 al class of amygdalar intercalated mass (IM) inhibitory neurons, whose wiring may help modulate auton

295 enetically activating parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons with channelrhodopsin-2.

296 The CeL consists of mostly GABAergic inhibitory neurons with different functional and molecul

297 es of glutamatergic excitatory and GABAergic inhibitory neurons with divergent anatomical and molecul

298 By contrast, 'Atypical' inhibitory neurons with their excitable phenotype but we

299 silencing, or activating spinal glycinergic inhibitory neurons with viral vectors all have dramatic

300 paralysis, while retrograde TeNT traffics to inhibitory neurons within the central nervous system (CN