ライフサイエンスコーパス: inhibitory synapse

1 nnections (i.e., gap junctions or excitatory/inhibitory synapses).

2 g of the mechanisms neurons use to construct inhibitory synapses.

3 napses while NLGN3 is at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

4 lagen XIX-in the formation of Parvalbumin(+) inhibitory synapses.

5 tail that are necessary for NLGN function at inhibitory synapses.

6 ded from, but was evenly distributed across, inhibitory synapses.

7 n the Schaffer collateral pathway-associated inhibitory synapses.

8 t, much less is known about Abeta effects at inhibitory synapses.

9 g this exquisite alignment at the C. elegans inhibitory synapses.

10 nteracts with subtypes of GABAA receptors in inhibitory synapses.

11 uires balanced development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

12 the trafficking and synthesis of GABAARs at inhibitory synapses.

13 for further proteomic and imaging studies of inhibitory synapses.

14 endent homeostatic regulation of hippocampal inhibitory synapses.

15 n and glycosylation, and its localization to inhibitory synapses.

16 odulation of SV clustering and plasticity of inhibitory synapses.

17 are essential for homeostatic plasticity at inhibitory synapses.

18 was caused by an action of extinction on BA inhibitory synapses.

19 on constraints on KCC2 at excitatory but not inhibitory synapses.

20 nisms of neurotransmission at excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

21 with modifications in the number and size of inhibitory synapses.

22 se development with a unique selectivity for inhibitory synapses.

23 onnected to a hub neuron with electrical and inhibitory synapses.

24 ic long-term plasticity induced by mGluRs at inhibitory synapses.

25 e postsynaptic density), a characteristic of inhibitory synapses.

26 sters in the vicinity of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

27 e-driven signaling pathway in the genesis of inhibitory synapses.

28 erging evidence for the existence of STDP at inhibitory synapses.

29 plished by the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

30 ytes continuously engulf both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

31 nifying mechanism for development of diverse inhibitory synapses.

32 g-term changes in synaptic strength at these inhibitory synapses.

33 m forms of plasticity at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

34 ceptors (GABA(A) Rs) at a specific subset of inhibitory synapses.

35 for spontaneous release at mouse neocortical inhibitory synapses.

36 y assumed interaction between neurons was by inhibitory synapses.

37 reby decreased the confinement of GABAARs at inhibitory synapses.

38 ediating the anchoring of GABAA receptors at inhibitory synapses.

39 s contributed more to bursting behavior than inhibitory synapses.

40 )/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) at inhibitory synapses.

41 ing the dynamics of GABAARs and stability of inhibitory synapses.

42 the accumulation of GABAARs and gephyrin at inhibitory synapses.

43 ected differently by VACCs at excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

44 and increasing the density of excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

45 esponding with high densities of glycinergic inhibitory synapses.

46 fference between NLGN2 and 3 specifically at inhibitory synapses.

47 neurons contain intermingled excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

48 e the formation and functional maturation of inhibitory synapses.

49 h release probability (Pr) vesicles at these inhibitory synapses.

50 rally balanced development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

51 ruitment of presynaptic neurotransmitters at inhibitory synapses.

52 tic clefts that exist at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses.

53 atory and inhibitory synapses and facilitate inhibitory synapse adaptations.

54 Here, we simultaneously monitor in vivo inhibitory synapse and dendritic spine dynamics across t

55 Further, we find inhibitory synapse and dendritic spine remodeling to be

56 Inhibitory synapse and feed-forward circuit defects are

57 sion arises from both an increased number of inhibitory synapses and an enhancement of presynaptic GA

58 dhesion proteins are found at excitatory and inhibitory synapses and are mutated in some familial for

59 at GABA signaling promotes the maturation of inhibitory synapses and axons.

60 can protect the adult brain by migrating to inhibitory synapses and displacing them from cortical ne

61 s providing new insight into the function of inhibitory synapses and extrasynaptic receptors in contr

62 oride transporter function at excitatory and inhibitory synapses and facilitate inhibitory synapse ad

63 nce of spontaneous release at excitatory and inhibitory synapses and heterogeneity of the mechanisms

64 how that Syt1 is weakly coexpressed at these inhibitory synapses and must be genetically inactivated

65 napses, with neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) limited to inhibitory synapses and neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) dominating

66 distal networks recruit both excitatory and inhibitory synapses and result in divisive normalization

67 ic scaffold protein gephyrin is clustered at inhibitory synapses and serves for the stabilization of

68 relevant Ca(2+) sensor(s) at fast-releasing inhibitory synapses and shows that two major Syt isoform

69 current concepts of relevant complexities of inhibitory synapses and the importance of synaptic inhib

70 The number of inhibitory synapses and the ratio of cholecystokinin to

71 selectively strengthened excitatory, but not inhibitory, synapses and facilitated SD in both the neoc

72 omeostatic plasticity in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and impairment of this overall proc

73 To clarify adenosine's role at inhibitory synapses, and in excitation-inhibition balanc

74 ly important Ca(2+) sensor at fast-releasing inhibitory synapses, and show that Syt1 and Syt2 can red

75 al morphogenesis, assembly of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and synaptic refinement.

76 pha to induce presynaptic differentiation of inhibitory synapses, and that mice lacking IgSF21 exhibi

77 tes the dynamics and function of perisomatic inhibitory synapses, and they identify a CaMKII-dependen

78 rotransmitter release at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, and they serve a critical role in t

79 Recent studies indicate that inhibitory synapses are also plastic and are controlled

80 maintenance, and activity of excitatory and inhibitory synapses are essential for neuronal network f

81 When both excitatory and inhibitory synapses are examined together in the same ne

82 However, the properties of retinal inhibitory synapses are less well known.

83 lar mechanisms regulating the development of inhibitory synapses are poorly understood.

84 propose a general mechanism by which mature inhibitory synapses are strengthened.

85 ptors, we conclude that only a subset of all inhibitory synapses are strengthened.

86 GABAA receptors and inhibitory synapses are vital components of brain functi

87 nd Nlgn2, ligands that occur specifically at inhibitory synapses, are incompletely understood.

88 ergic synapses in vivo without affecting the inhibitory synapses assessed by miniature excitatory pos

89 the A1-mediated suppression, at about 50% of inhibitory synapses at pyramidal neurons.

90 It is unknown whether inhibitory synapses at these two cellular compartments o

91 ns were generated by reciprocal excitatory / inhibitory synapses, at locations as early as the cone-h

92 are involved in the final maturation of GABA inhibitory synapses before birth.

93 rigger of spontaneous release at neocortical inhibitory synapses but not at excitatory synapses, sugg

94 tatory synapses, whereas KCC2 is confined at inhibitory synapses by a distinct mechanism.

95 e neuropeptide hormone, insulin, strengthens inhibitory synapses by recruiting alpha6-containing GABA

96 in the dendritic tree, such that distributed inhibitory synapses can act synergistically to provide a

97 We show that homeostatic plasticity in inhibitory synapses can align the functional connectivit

98 They show that inhibitory synapses can interact with excitability at a

99 ction at excitatory synapses, however, RA at inhibitory synapses causes a loss instead of the gain of

100 ntially alters responses from excitatory and inhibitory synapses, causing the I/E ratio to change as

101 This inhibitory synapse combines the activity of an unusual c

102 s slowed down and confined at excitatory and inhibitory synapses compared with extrasynaptic regions.

103 asic alteration in expression of hippocampal inhibitory synapse components in AD.

104 Inhibitory synapses comprise only approximately 20% of t

105 isoforms, as NL1 can also induce functional inhibitory synapse connections when the presynaptic inte

106 Inhibitory synapses dampen neuronal activity through pos

107 ndocannabinoid (eCB)-mediated suppression of inhibitory synapses, decreased it at excitatory synapses

108 GABAB receptor-mediated inhibitory synapse defects are circuit-specific and are

109 or gene expression, they cause a decrease in inhibitory synapse density onto excitatory hippocampal n

110 ct underlying variations such as interneuron/inhibitory synapse density rather than functional synapt

111 in cultured rat hippocampal neurons reduced inhibitory synapse density without altering excitatory s

112 and GABAA receptor clustering at developing inhibitory synapses depends on the guanine nucleotide ex

113 xons regulates neuronal output, but how such inhibitory synapses develop and are maintained in vivo r

114 During maturation, inhibitory synapse development requires both NL2 and Sli

115 turbation of the NL2-ST3 interaction impairs inhibitory synapse development with consequent disruptio

116 olecules have been identified to function in inhibitory synapse development, it remains unknown wheth

117 ting protein, can co-regulate excitatory and inhibitory synapse development, offering a putative evol

118 IgSF9(DeltaC/DeltaC) mice) had no defects in inhibitory synapse development, providing genetic eviden

119 l molecular mechanism underlying hippocampal inhibitory synapse development.

120 ttle is known about the molecular control of inhibitory synapse development.

121 lic synaptic adhesion protein that regulates inhibitory synapse development.

122 esion and organization mechanisms underlying inhibitory synapse development.

123 tic evidence for a specific role of IgSF9 in inhibitory synapse development/maintenance, presumably b

124 y which FGF22 and FGF7 induce excitatory and inhibitory synapse differentiation are unknown.

125 ted by a decrease in an outward current from inhibitory synapses (disinhibition) combined with an inc

126 Inhibitory synapses display a great diversity through va

127 onism of NK cells is an active phenomenon of inhibitory synapse disruption.

128 tablish a balanced network of excitatory and inhibitory synapses during development for the brain to

129 The starkest contrast between excitatory and inhibitory synapse dynamics is on dually innervated spin

130 Our results suggest that the inhibitory synapse dysfunction in the cortico-hippocampa

131 .g., depotentiation) or induce plasticity at inhibitory synapses (e.g., long-term potentiation) to su

132 and non-linear interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synapses enables the somatic voltage to encod

133 synaptic activity, affecting excitatory and inhibitory synapses equally.

134 TA-associated inhibitory synapses exhibited increase in paired-pulse r

135 Although many types of inhibitory synapses exist, these disorders have been str

136 However, KCC2 escapes inhibitory synapses faster than excitatory synapses, ref

137 These results indicate that dorsal horn inhibitory synapses follow different rules of organizati

138 ptimal ratio of the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses for maximizing the encoding capacity

139 In this scenario, alpha1-GABARs resident to inhibitory synapses form the hardwiring of neuronal circ

140 ism by which the Cb(R290H) mutation perturbs inhibitory synapse formation and causes brain dysfunctio

141 refore, GABA may regulate activity-dependent inhibitory synapse formation by coordinately eliminating

142 stic understanding of precise excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation in the mammalian brain.

143 ase to examine its role in distinct steps of inhibitory synapse formation in the mouse neocortex.

144 and FGF7 specifically promote excitatory or inhibitory synapse formation, respectively.

145 NL2, and is sufficient to induce functional inhibitory synapse formation.

146 examined the functional phenotypes of mixed inhibitory synapses formed by Golgi interneurons onto UB

147 g fibers on Purkinje cells in cerebellum and inhibitory synapses formed by parvalbumin- or somatostat

148 ders have been strongly linked to defects in inhibitory synapses formed by Parvalbumin-expressing int

149 namics is on dually innervated spines, where inhibitory synapses frequently recur while excitatory sy

150 The inhibitory synapses from different pattern-generating ne

151 mate receptor transporter vGluT2 and receive inhibitory synapses from striatal neurons, and many also

152 1 adenosine receptor activation and enhanced inhibitory synapses from the lateral subdivision of the

153 ction neurons, which have reduced axosomatic inhibitory synapses from the neuronal perikarya.

154 mechanisms through which TNFalpha regulates inhibitory synapse function in mature rat and mouse hipp

155 s that control the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synapse function remain poorly understood; no

156 ine dynamics, but lack of a vital marker for inhibitory synapses has precluded their observation.

157 Defects in excitatory and inhibitory synapses have been implicated in schizophreni

158 er, the rules governing STP of inhibitory-to-inhibitory synapses have not yet been determined.

159 At inhibitory synapses, HLA-E promoted central accumulation

160 the IgSF9 gene resulted in fewer functional inhibitory synapses; however, the strength of the remain

161 tion and size of gephyrin-tagged clusters at inhibitory synapses identified by correlated confocal el

162 ed voltage-dependent long-term depression of inhibitory synapses (iLTD) onto mouse and rat medium spi

163 itter levels dynamically set the strength of inhibitory synapses in a release-independent manner.

164 the structural and functional alterations of inhibitory synapses in AD are less well characterized.

165 est that mGlu7 serves as a heteroreceptor at inhibitory synapses in area CA1 and that the predominant

166 Inhibitory synapses in brain also present a particular c

167 o-regulate the development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in cortical pyramidal neurons in viv

168 breakdown of anandamide, suppressed >50% of inhibitory synapses in females with no effect in males,

169 on and distribution of proteins specific for inhibitory synapses in hippocampal areas of APPPS1 mice

170 an organizer of ligand-gated ion channels at inhibitory synapses in hippocampus CA1 and dentate gyrus

171 activity-evoked release at two types of fast inhibitory synapses in mouse brain.

172 gephyrin reorganization during plasticity of inhibitory synapses in mouse hippocampal cultured neuron

173 ies of punctate GlyRbeta immunoreactivity at inhibitory synapses in mouse spinal cord, brainstem, mid

174 ified YFP signal localizing appropriately to inhibitory synapses in multiple brain regions including

175 demonstrate multidimensional alterations at inhibitory synapses in NAc neurons following cocaine sel

176 tatory synapses, but the Ca(2+) sensor(s) at inhibitory synapses in native brain tissue are not well

177 Cadherin-10 localizes to both excitatory and inhibitory synapses in neocortex, where it is organized

178 e, GABAA receptor composition was altered at inhibitory synapses in Np(-/-) neurons as the alpha1 to

179 rols E/I ratios by regulating excitatory and inhibitory synapses in opposing directions.SIGNIFICANCE

180 We found that NLGN3 function at inhibitory synapses in rat CA1 depends on the presence o

181 Because of the critical location of these inhibitory synapses in relation to action potential regu

182 n the Schaffer collateral pathway-associated inhibitory synapses in stratum radiatum.

183 n2 is required for continuous maintenance of inhibitory synapses in the adult mPFC, and that chronic

184 2 (Robo2) is critical for the maintenance of inhibitory synapses in the adult ventral tegmental area

185 Whether TRPV1 also regulates inhibitory synapses in the brain is unclear.

186 dulating the strength of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the brain, but by different mecha

187 f neuromuscular synapses, is also present at inhibitory synapses in the central nervous system.

188 o led to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the cerebral cortex.

189 f CB1 receptor-immunopositive excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the inner one-third of the dentat

190 c factor (BDNF) in the assembly of GABAergic inhibitory synapses in the mouse cerebellar cortex.

191 However, most inhibitory synapses in the neocortex are formed onto pyr

192 GABA(B)R)-dependent short-term depression of inhibitory synapses in the nucleus reticularis thalami,

193 studying interactions between excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the second synaptic layer of the

194 infiltration and preferential elimination of inhibitory synapses in the ventral thalamus, which lead

195 ransmission and regulates the development of inhibitory synapses in the vertebrate brain, but the und

196 The results show that: 1) the strength of inhibitory synapses in vivo can be enhanced by increasin

197 ately 50% of glutamatergic synapses, but not inhibitory synapses, in culture.

198 ver, the Ca(2+) sensor(s) used by identified inhibitory synapses, including the output synapses of pa

199 Such reciprocal inhibitory synapses increased the LGMD's selectivity for

200 functional weakening of both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, increased intrinsic excitability, a

201 Conceptually, plasticity of inhibitory synapses is an attractive mechanism to allow

202 In fact, perturbing inhibitory synapses is associated with complex brain dis

203 has a role in the establishment of afferent inhibitory synapses is debated.

204 regarding receptor mobility and function at inhibitory synapses is derived indirectly from using rec

205 Coordinated development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses is essential for higher brain functi

206 e strengths and timescales of excitatory and inhibitory synapses is reflected in the overall correlat

207 tate their targeting to and stabilization at inhibitory synapses is rudimentary.

208 phyrin, the principal scaffolding protein at inhibitory synapses, is essential for postsynaptic clust

209 o destabilization of GABAARs and gephyrin at inhibitory synapses, leading to reductions in the effica

210 ession (LTD), as well as functional roles at inhibitory synapses, lending renewed emphasis on better

211 sensory input-dependent plasticity, shortens inhibitory synapse lifetimes and lengthens intervals to

212 2), a postsynaptic cell-adhesion molecule of inhibitory synapses linked to neuropsychiatric disorders

213 The number of inhibitory synapses made by CCK(+)VGlut3(+) basket cells

214 n of NPAS4 coordinates the redistribution of inhibitory synapses made onto a CA1 pyramidal neuron, si

215 c spines, whereas GABAA receptors cluster at inhibitory synapses mainly on the soma and dendritic sha

216 -10 forms nanoscale puncta at excitatory and inhibitory synapses, maintains excitatory and inhibitory

217 gene deletion enhances anatomical changes of inhibitory synapse markers after extinction training.

218 were correlated with decreased expression of inhibitory synapse markers in IgSF9(-/-) mice, providing

219 ng activity of Cb and a consequent defect in inhibitory synapse maturation represent a likely molecul

220 that the different effects on excitatory and inhibitory synapses may have resulted from off-target ac

221 system, we investigated the dynamics of the inhibitory synapse mediated by an inhibitory receptor, p

222 uantitative information regarding axo-axonic inhibitory synapses mediated by chandelier cells across

223 pendent transcription factor NPAS4 regulates inhibitory synapse number and function in cell culture,

224 pyramidal neuron, simultaneously increasing inhibitory synapse number on the cell body while decreas

225 this collagen results not only in decreased inhibitory synapse number, but also in the acquisition o

226 of presynaptic LRP4 reduces excitatory (not inhibitory) synapse number, impairs active zone architec

227 eading to a global decline in excitatory and inhibitory synapse numbers and a decrease in synaptic tr

228 ndritic complexity, decreased excitatory and inhibitory synapse numbers, decreased intrinsic excitabi

229 iding anatomical evidence for a reduction in inhibitory synapse numbers, whereas excitatory synapse d

230 GABA release is reduced in TA-associated inhibitory synapses of Fmr1 KO mice in a GABAB receptor-

231 We find that dynamic inhibitory synapses often disappear and reappear again i

232 onversely, presynaptic inhibition by KORs of inhibitory synapses on D2 MSNs enhances integration of e

233 We find that inhibitory synapses on dendritic shafts and spines diffe

234 The proportion of putative inhibitory synapses on dendritic shafts in the right MeP

235 tic sites (nociceptive afferent terminals vs inhibitory synapses on dorsal horn neurons).

236 Striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) form inhibitory synapses on neighboring striatal neurons thro

237 ve loss of striatal neurons and reduction of inhibitory synapses on pallidal neurons that serve as th

238 er elements in the neural circuitry, such as inhibitory synapses on principal cells and the synapses

239 Motifs C4 and C5 form halos of 60-100 inhibitory synapses on proximal dendrites of AI gammaACs

240 the cell body while decreasing the number of inhibitory synapses on the apical dendrites.

241 d gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-containing, inhibitory synapses on the CRH synthesizing neurons.

242 or shafts (8%), with 2% symmetrical, likely inhibitory, synapses on shafts and spines.

243 , which was determined by the strength of an inhibitory synapse onto this neuron.

244 that promotes network activity by repressing inhibitory synapses onto excitatory neurons.

245 spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) of inhibitory synapses onto layer 5 neurons in slices of mo

246 es of interneurons make functionally diverse inhibitory synapses onto principal neurons.

247 w that MDGA1 and MDGA2 bound to neuroligin-2 inhibitory synapse-organizing protein, also implicated i

248 target-specific remodeling of BA perisomatic inhibitory synapses originating from parvalbumin and cho

249 activity-dependent adaptation of perisomatic inhibitory synapses over prolonged periods of time in hi

250 50% decrease of neurotransmitter release at inhibitory synapses, paralleled by a reduction in releas

251 This inhibitory synapse parallels IPS's inhibition of the sam

252 This inhibitory synapse parallels IRS's inhibition of the mic

253 Mullner et al. (2015) show that single inhibitory synapses placed in the right location on the

254 through which excitatory activity can affect inhibitory synapse plasticity.

255 Dynamic changes of the strength of inhibitory synapses play a crucial role in processing ne

256 ectively, these data reveal novel defects in inhibitory synapse protein expression during critical pe

257 In line with previous reports that inhibitory synapse reduction protects neurons from degen

258 y temporarily expressing GFE3 we showed that inhibitory synapses regrow following ablation.

259 that target-specific changes in perisomatic inhibitory synapses represent a mechanism through which

260 can be imaged with a fluorescent cell fill, inhibitory synapses require a molecular tag.

261 sition to the NMDAR, whereas the increase in inhibitory synapses required Ca(2+) diffusion to a more

262 The formation of excitatory and inhibitory synapses requires precise molecular control.

263 tion at excitatory synapses, action of RA at inhibitory synapses requires protein translation and is

264 specific functional roles in excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively, but the molecular bas

265 lding proteins as proxies for excitatory and inhibitory synapses, respectively, to quantify the numbe

266 -side pairs results from a greater number of inhibitory synapses, revealing that an asymmetry in syna

267 K269Q-SynI expressing inhibitory synapses showed increased synaptic strength d

268 e plasma membrane, leading to a reduction in inhibitory synapse size and number along with a decrease

269 cadherin-10 reduces excitatory but increases inhibitory synapse size and strength, altering the E/I r

270 One such component is neuroligin-2 (NL2), an inhibitory synapse-specific cell surface protein that fu

271 t/stellate-cell synapse functions, such that inhibitory synapse-specific neuroligin-2 was unexpectedl

272 At inhibitory synapses, stochastic openings of VACCs trigge

273 od; no proteins that regulate excitatory and inhibitory synapse strength in a coordinated reciprocal

274 At fast inhibitory synapses, strengthening is thought to occur b

275 as a function of the electrical coupling and inhibitory synapse strengths with the help of a novel vi

276 ocytotic cycle of vesicles at excitatory and inhibitory synapses that accounts for all modes of vesic

277 Inhibitory synapses that form on pyramidal neuron dendri

278 a-Nrxn affect transmission at excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the contribution of neurexophilin-1

279 At both excitatory and inhibitory synapses, the magnitude of A1R-mediated suppr

280 At inhibitory synapses, the theory suggests a statistically

281 inhibitory interneurons and the capacity of inhibitory synapses to be plastic make them ideal regula

282 hat, when fused to GFP, allow excitatory and inhibitory synapses to be visualized in living neurons.

283 calcium uncaging at identified, single-site inhibitory synapses to investigate the statistics of ves

284 uncta, a postsynaptic scaffolding protein at inhibitory synapses used here as a proxy for the granule

285 , on the relative location of excitatory and inhibitory synapses, voltage-dependent and -independent

286 The increase in inhibitory synapses was prevented by inhibiting the inse

287 de of 2-AG-dependent long-term depression of inhibitory synapses was reduced.

288 Np(+/+) neurons, the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses was significantly lower in Np(-/-) c

289 ols to glycine neurotransmitter receptors at inhibitory synapses, we find that gephyrin scaffolds act

290 e CB1 receptor-immunopositive excitatory and inhibitory synapses were Glu-CB1 -RS, 21.89% (glutamater

291 When Cx36 was deleted, inhibitory synapses were more numerous, although both di

292 ephyrin is the major instructive molecule at inhibitory synapses, where it clusters glycine as well a

293 Correspondingly, we find specific defects at inhibitory synapses, where NONO regulates synaptic trans

294 tal investigations have examined perisomatic inhibitory synapses, which control action potential outp

295 NLGN2 is only at inhibitory synapses while NLGN3 is at both excitatory an

296 regulates in vivo postsynaptic maturation of inhibitory synapses with contrasting modes of action spe

297 primary afferents, and form GABA-A-mediated inhibitory synapses with the host.

298 teral pyloric (LP) neuron makes reciprocally inhibitory synapses with the pacemakers.

299 Select pairs promote excitatory and inhibitory synapses, with neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) limited t

300 s arbors mature, they acquire excitatory and inhibitory synapses, with the latter forming first and b