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1 ide insertion near the core gene translation initiation codon.
2 results obtained with leaders bearing an AUG initiation codon.
3 slated due to the lack of an AUG translation initiation codon.
4 pproximately -99 nucleotides upstream of the initiation codon.
5 en the site of ribosomal recruitment and the initiation codon.
6 ing reporter genes carrying mutations in the initiation codon.
7 mozygous substitution in the AMN translation initiation codon.
8 t spans 71 bases immediately upstream of the initiation codon.
9 ter region -150 to + 1 relative to the ORF50 initiation codon.
10 ated 1498 bp upstream of the eas translation initiation codon.
11 rame as the unique physiological translation initiation codon.
12 from the first nucleotide of the translation initiation codon.
13 in the primary initiation event at the sORF initiation codon.
14 anning by the 40 S ribosomal subunit for the initiation codon.
15 te that allows the ribosome to bind near the initiation codon.
16 y influenced by nucleotides close to the AUG initiation codon.
17 ee upstream ORFs (uORFs) preceding the BACE1 initiation codon.
18 from the first nucleotide of the translation initiation codon.
19 on of messenger RNA and scan along it to the initiation codon.
20 omes move from the 5' end of the mRNA to the initiation codon.
21 ncrease the relative accessibility the BACE1 initiation codon.
22 eading frames, only one of which contains an initiation codon.
23 ite, as well as other motifs surrounding the initiation codon.
24 hydrolysis following the recognition of the initiation codon.
25 utilizes an ATG in exon 3 as its translation initiation codon.
26 at -83 bp relative to the ATG translational initiation codon.
27 initiation complexes, which then scan to the initiation codon.
28 r sequence closely following the translation initiation codon.
29 al subunit and accurately position it at the initiation codon.
30 frame stop-codon and an in-frame translation initiation codon.
31 ed to form a "scanning" mechanism toward the initiation codon.
32 rRNA binds to a region just upstream of the initiation codon.
33 t of the hTERT promoter, proximal to the ATG initiation codon.
34 cule is generated by an internal translation initiation codon.
35 ficient to promote ribosomal scanning to the initiation codon.
36 t room temperature when combined with an AUU initiation codon.
37 o structured regions of mRNA upstream of the initiation codon.
38 ndent upon an artificially added translation initiation codon.
39 initiation complexes and recognition of the initiation codon.
40 178 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon.
41 stically mediate 48S complex assembly at the initiation codon.
42 g leader RNAs preceding the Ag43 translation initiation codon.
43 e flaB sequence and 366 bp upstream from its initiation codon.
44 h was mapped to 96 and 94 bp upstream of the initiation codon.
45 14 bases upstream from the first translation initiation codon.
46 cognize and arrest scanning at a non-optimal initiation codon.
47 , a process that also requires a translation initiation codon.
48 92 nucleotides upstream from the translation initiation codon.
49 cleotides upstream of the ywhE translational initiation codon.
50 pass large segments of the mRNA to reach the initiation codon.
51 n 300 nucleotides upstream of a putative ATG initiation codon.
52 o bind to a messenger RNA and to scan to the initiation codon.
53 s target RNA sequence close to the transgene initiation codon.
54 ation complex and subsequent scanning to the initiation codon.
55 ssenger RNA (mRNA) and start scanning to the initiation codon.
56 tart sites within 85 nucleotides of the sdiA initiation codon.
57 , blocking ribosomes from reaching the ARG-2 initiation codon.
58 ithin Gag coding sequence, downstream of the initiation codon.
59 e at 32 nucleotides upstream of the UXP gene initiation codon.
60 cleotide G-rich region (M3Q) upstream of the initiation codon.
61 -AUG is the preferred, but not the required, initiation codon.
62 the most typical sequence SD3, GAGG, to the initiation codon.
63 suboptimal context for the Tnp2 translation initiation codon.
64 ng the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) to the initiation codon.
65 2, and 22 nucleotides from the translational initiation codon.
66 kb upstream of the exon containing the sole initiation codon.
67 contains three uORFs preceding the MOR main initiation codon.
68 esult from the use of two different in-frame initiation codons.
69 ly of 43S.mRNA complexes capable of locating initiation codons.
70 sequence by providing alternate translation initiation codons.
71 AUGs reside in contexts able to function as initiation codons.
72 The beta2g transcript has two potential initiation codons.
73 eotide of each of the respective translation initiation codons.
74 were products of translation from different initiation codons.
75 y alternative utilization of two translation initiation codons.
76 hat employs multiple alternative CUG and GUG initiation codons.
77 1.6-kb spliced RNA bearing several in-frame initiation codons.
78 s rearranged to transfer the ribosome on the initiation codons.
79 s between the base immediately preceding the initiation codon (-1 position) and the nucleotide 3' to
80 *, out of frame with the polyprotein from an initiation codon 13 nucleotides downstream from the poly
81 ions relative to the first nucleotide of the initiation codon, -3 and +4, are usually such that suppo
82 length ASCT2 mRNA contains a 5'-situated AUG initiation codon, a significant degree of leaky scanning
83 ons -664, -655, and -644 relative to the ATG initiation codon account for almost all transcripts.
84 imental evidence for high fidelity A+1T+2G+3 initiation codons adhered much more strongly to the R-3/
85 l synonymous variations near the translation initiation codon affect the translation efficiency via e
86 en AUG and AUU largely disappears, with each initiation codon affording rapid 70SIC formation, leadin
88 ich has an inactive ORF containing a mutated initiation codon and a termination codon at internal pos
89 endpoint six nucleotides upstream of the gag initiation codon and another endpoint at the 3' end of t
90 not in domain IV, flanking both sides of the initiation codon and corresponding in length to that of
91 art site to be 200 bases upstream of the ATG initiation codon and found that a TATA motif was absent.
93 e protein can be expressed from a downstream initiation codon and is capable of interaction with the
94 eIF4F bind immediately upstream of the EMCV initiation codon and promote binding of 43S complexes.
95 lso produced that lack the first translation initiation codon and rely on a second in-frame ATG codon
97 of a mutant cspA mRNA devoid of both the AUG initiation codon and the coding sequence results in a se
98 mathematical connection between the SD, the initiation codon and the spacing between them has been l
99 for initiation at the downstream translation initiation codon and their inhibitory effect on M2 trans
100 re both in exon 2 and affect the translation initiation codon and/or the secretion of amelogenin (p.M
101 Q and SFRQ, are synthesized from alternative initiation codons and the change in their ratio as a fun
103 on codons or sense the nucleotide context of initiation codons and were able to assemble 48S complexe
104 SIC formation using either AUG or AUU as the initiation codon, and conclude that the high affinity of
105 open reading frame, provides a new in-frame initiation codon, and predicts a longer form of eIF4G-1
106 The most 5' exon is likely to harbor an initiation codon, and the protein sequence is highly con
107 hat is initiated by one of three nonstandard initiation codons, and the sequence coding the RLSNRLLLR
108 ificity to transcripts carrying non-standard initiation codons, and/or preserve translational fidelit
109 at the 175 nucleotides located 5' of the gag initiation codon are critical for efficient and selectiv
110 e of sequences downstream of the translation initiation codon are dependent on the individual mRNA.
111 mRNA sequences downstream of the translation initiation codon are important for translation of plasti
112 open the question of whether or not multiple initiation codons are associated with more complex patte
113 ning only eIF2 and eIF3 bind directly to the initiation codon as a result of specific interaction of
114 ously unknown mechanism that decodes the CUG initiation codon as leucine rather than the canonical me
117 al nonstructural proteins (NS) that share an initiation codon at the left end of the genome and which
119 a manner abolished by replacing its non-AUG initiation codon (AUA) start codon with the non-cognate
121 ons overlap UGAUGA (underline highlights the initiation codon AUG within the combined initiation-term
124 esults of experiments involving a variety of initiation codons (AUG, UAG, CAG, GUC, AUC, and UUC) pro
125 bands appeared 11-13 bases downstream of the initiation codon, AUG, 2.5 min after the induction of Ya
126 e A-rich unstructured region surrounding the initiation codon AUG828, and possesses cross-kingdom int
128 inhibits RNase E cleavage downstream of the initiation codon but has little or no immediate effect o
130 om their recruitment site on the mRNA to the initiation codon by an as yet poorly understood process.
131 ersion of an ACG codon to an AUG translation initiation codon by mRNA editing, a safety feature that
132 by sequences upstream and downstream of the initiation codon, called Shine-Dalgarno (SD) and downstr
133 reviously unexamined uORFs with noncanonical initiation codons can play in modulating gene expression
134 unique consensus sequence features near the initiation codon, characteristics of 5'-UTR nucleotide s
135 In the course of these experiments the ATG initiation codon commonly assigned to lipB genes in geno
136 ment was not because of upstream translation initiation codons contained in unspliced transcripts.
137 e ( approximately 2.4 kb upstream of the ATG initiation codon) containing the core promoter, transcri
141 codon-anticodon mismatches, to recognize the initiation codon context, and to discriminate against es
142 ne of three predicted stem loops, and an AUG initiation codon controvertibly implicated in genome pac
144 ed by systematic mutagenesis of the putative initiation codons demonstrated the usage of these codons
146 M2-1 termination codon upstream of the M2-2 initiation codons did not significantly affect the expre
147 hment of 40S subunits to the mRNA places the initiation codon directly in the P site, as on HCV-like
148 ough eIF1 is unable to inspect the region of initiation codon directly, its position close to the P-s
150 op structure immediately downstream from the initiation codon exerted significant inhibition on trans
151 otide, in addition to disablement of the BM2 initiation codon, failed to generate viable mutant virus
152 a consensus ribosome binding site and an ATG initiation codon, followed by 19 sense codons and a stop
153 N1 starting 30 nucleotides downstream of the initiation codon for ATXN1 and ending at nucleotide 587.
155 stem from tRNA(Tyr) and the use of CCG as an initiation codon for cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI);
156 ull mutants, in which either a translational initiation codon for each of these viral genes was subst
157 rt of the coding region, 'liberation' of the initiation codon for loading of the next 40S subunit may
158 function, indicating that this is the likely initiation codon for nuoN, and predicting a protein of 4
160 a single-stranded small bulge containing the initiation codon for uORF3, as well as adjacent stem str
161 cans in the 5' to 3' direction to locate the initiation codon, form the 80S initiation complex and st
162 12 leader sequence, two in-frame translation initiation codons have been identified, one upstream and
163 somal subunits some distance upstream of the initiation codon; however, the mechanisms by which they
164 17 gene sequence upstream of the translation initiation codon identified two potential transcription
171 ine-tract located upstream of the functional initiation codon in type I and II picornavirus IRES.
175 he regulated ribosome bypass of noncanonical initiation codons in the EPRS 5'-leader add complexity i
176 ry uORFs encoded by noncanonical CUG and UUG initiation codons in the EPRS mRNA 5'-leader serve to da
178 is translated from an upstream in-frame CUG initiation codon, in contrast to the AUG codon used for
181 S), which occurs at suboptimal translational initiation codons, increases the physiological flexibili
182 variants defined as stop-gain, frame shift, initiation codon (INIT) and splice site mutations (n = 9
183 ction with the 40S subunit, which places the initiation codon into the P site, where it directly base
184 ull-length in vivo mRNA, suggesting that the initiation codon is an important determinant of ribosome
187 only other coli gene reported to use AUU as initiation codon is infC, which encodes the initiation f
189 RNA is bypassed, or clustering, in which the initiation codon is reached by dynamic binding and relea
191 a naturally occurring, downstream, in-frame initiation codon is used to make a dCREB2 protein off of
194 slation of the C/EBPbeta mRNA from different initiation codons leads to the synthesis of two transcri
195 r evidence of weak expression from the z1/z2 initiation codons, leaves open the question of whether o
197 virus M2 gene initiates at one of the three initiation codons located upstream of the termination co
198 her ICP22 with an M90A mutation in the US1.5 initiation codon (M90A) or US1.5 with three stop codons
199 that the translation efficiency of the BACE1 initiation codon may be increased in patients with Alzhe
202 00 nucleotides upstream of its translational initiation codon, mouse Cyp2s1 contains three overlappin
203 tant bop genes, each carrying the AUG to GUC initiation codon mutation, with or without a compensator
204 pseudoknot I (PKI) immediately preceding the initiation codon occupies the ribosomal P site and that
206 uced T-DNA was located 62 bp upstream of the initiation codon of an adenylate translocator-like prote
207 ruses possessing M segments with the mutated initiation codon of BM2 protein at the stop-start pentan
210 lated a 1614-bp DNA fragment upstream of the initiation codon of Epac1 gene, inclusive of glucose res
211 te that a c.2T>C mutation in the translation initiation codon of KDM5C results in translation re-star
213 e 40S subunit in 48S complexes formed at the initiation codon of mRNA is bound to eukaryotic initiati
214 assembly of 48S initiation complexes at the initiation codon of mRNA, which requires at least seven
216 hat a nonsense mutation and a mutation in an initiation codon of RNASEL segregate independently in tw
217 amino acids were found 5' of the translation initiation codon of TBF1 and shown to affect its transla
218 d mutagenesis enabled the designation of the initiation codon of the ccsA gene and established the fu
219 -264 nucleotides upstream of the translation initiation codon of the CD155 gene, which we have called
220 nucleotide immediately after the translation initiation codon of the enhanced GFP (EGFP) gene, shifti
221 PNA) that is antisense around the methionine initiation codon of the huntingtin gene of Huntington's
224 "lox-stop-lox" (LoxTB) 5' of the translation initiation codon of the mouse Mc3r gene and reactivated
226 named the F protein, is synthesized from the initiation codon of the polyprotein sequence followed by
228 rmination codon and the overlapping putative initiation codon of the second of the two hypovirus ORFs
229 istronic reporters carrying mutations in the initiation codon of the second ORF and mutant elongator
231 found to have an ATG-to-AAG mutation in the initiation codon of the upstream ORF encoding SNURF.
233 constructed by mutating from ATG to CTG the initiation codons of gE (gEctg) or both gE and gM (gEctg
235 0S ribosomal subunit locates the translation initiation codon on an mRNA via the so-called scanning p
236 ng sites were predicted upstream of the csrA initiation codon, one of which overlapped its Shine-Dalg
238 discriminate between cognate and noncognate initiation codons or sense the nucleotide context of ini
241 overlapping the Shine-Dalgarno sequence and initiation codon partially relieve repression by CsrA.
242 acterial lacZ reporter gene at the SM22alpha initiation codon, permitting precise analysis of the tem
243 reduces accuracy (the Sui(-) [suppressor of initiation codon] phenotype), whereas eliminating base p
246 omplex rearrangement favoring more efficient initiation codon recognition during ribosomal scanning i
248 on of the TATA box, but not the putative ATG initiation codon, reduce OriLyt function to background l
249 te antisense oligonucleotide targeted to the initiation codon region of the Bcl-2 mRNA, can induce ca
250 ides, 5'-CTCCATGGTGCTCAC-3') targeted to the initiation codon region of the HER-2 mRNA, and complemen
253 (BEV), all ribosomes scan through dVI to the initiation codon, requiring eIF1 to bypass its AUG.
254 to reveal that t(6)A has a critical role in initiation codon restriction to AUG and in restricting f
257 somal initiation complexes at CUG versus AUG initiation codons revealed that cells use an elongator l
258 between -61 and -32 bp from the translation initiation codon.Reverse transcription-PCR analysis reve
259 ion factor (eIF) 1 maintains the fidelity of initiation codon selection and enables mammalian 43S pre
261 mechanisms controlling ribosome scanning and initiation codon selection by 5' upstream open reading f
262 factor (eIF) eIF1 maintains the fidelity of initiation codon selection by enabling 43S complexes to
264 ether stimulate 48S IC formation influencing initiation codon selection during ribosomal scanning.
265 itiation factor IF3 maintain the fidelity of initiation codon selection in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
274 ng initiation, which likely ensures that the initiation codon sequestered in domain L is properly acc
277 ins a 19-nt pyrimidine-rich element near the initiation codon that supports translation of an interna
278 The BK(Ca) alpha-subunit has three predicted initiation codons that generate proteins with N-terminal
279 8-bp deletion (nucleotides 406-444 after the initiation codon) that creates a frame-shift mutation an
280 ucleotide deletions close to the translation initiation codons, that pDEST17 is intrinsically suscept
281 hree nucleotides immediately upstream of the initiation codon (the -1 triplet) of two chloroplast gen
282 erminal region of mRNAs and then scan to the initiation codon to form 48S initiation complexes with e
283 ext, a 48S-like complex assembles at the AUG initiation codon upon association of eIF3 and ternary co
284 on inhibition assays showed no alternate AUG initiation codon usage, demonstrating that -3A--> G did
286 t of triplets in the mRNA, starting with the initiation codon (usually AUG) defines the open reading
288 transcription start site at -22 bp from the initiation codon was identified and confirmed by primer
289 ional efficiency of an AUG, CUG, GUG, or UUG initiation codon was measured for the naturally leaderle
290 arting at 24 nucleotides upstream of the AUG initiation codon was sufficient to confer substantial st
293 er, DB is located 64-78 nt downstream of the initiation codon, whereas an exponential increase of tra
294 reporters harboring stall sequences near the initiation codon, which cannot accommodate multiple ribo
295 replacing the region upstream of the pvuIIC initiation codon with a library of random oligonucleotid
296 nitiation factors undergo 5' scanning to the initiation codon, with no known role for complementarity
297 resence of eIF1 scan along it and locate the initiation codon without a requirement for adenosine tri
298 frame ATG, and utilization of this potential initiation codon would yield a 55-kD LAP-N protein.
299 2-GTP-Met-tRNA(iMet) to bind directly to the initiation codon, yielding 48S initiation complexes.
300 , force translation from downstream in-frame initiation codons, yielding amino-terminally truncated i
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