ライフサイエンスコーパス: inoculum

1 cient invasion by the bacteria (<0.1% of the inoculum).

2 hy tissue, infected tissue and/or soil-borne inoculum).

3 y depends on the virulence of the chlamydial inoculum.

4 ginally were infected with standardized WHV7 inoculum.

5 h less than that seen after an infected-cell inoculum.

6 aised against the V regions expressed in the inoculum.

7 infect guinea pigs that received a low-dose inoculum.

8 +) T cell activation and the amount of virus inoculum.

9 been related to problems with filtering the inoculum.

10 uences from vaccinees, and 63 from the virus inoculum.

11 th 100% sequence homology, compared with HBV inoculum.

12 resent in the cells of the aerobically grown inoculum.

13 an be fully mineralized by a mixed bacterial inoculum.

14 compared to the major variant present in the inoculum.

15 tes and infected them with a human serum HCV inoculum.

16 depending on the specific epitope and virus inoculum.

17 under conditions of an exceedingly low virus inoculum.

18 ty of ER-MC cells in xenograft models at low inoculum.

19 dependent on the physiological state of the inoculum.

20 dependent on the physiological state of the inoculum.

21 200 mug of CPE but not using a 50-mug toxin inoculum.

22 preexist at a low frequency in the challenge inoculum.

23 sitive and 68% specific with a 2.0 McFarland inoculum.

24 be greater than that of infected vectors or inoculum.

25 then evaluated the mCIM using a 10-mul loop inoculum.

26 ther by mosquito bite or using a blood-stage inoculum.

27 l) triggered the fungal metabolism in the co-inoculum.

28 s, including those originally present at low inoculum.

29 was among the metabolites secreted into the inoculum.

30 crop pathosystems characterized by airborne inoculum.

31 tation as the result of moving to the 10-mul inoculum.

32 2 different states depending on the initial inoculum.

33 nant population found in the viral challenge inoculum.

34 alpha(-/-) mice with low-dose C. trachomatis inoculums.

35 or inhalation of noxious gases or infective inoculums.

36 res using it could be transferred with a low inoculum (0.5 to 1.5% vol/vol), it may act as an electro

37 In contrast, a sublethal inoculum (1 x 10(7) CFU) of BG2 caused less neutrophil i

38 lected conditions (41 degrees C, 5% (v/v) of inoculum, 1% (w/v) of CaCO(3), initial pH of 6.5 and sha

39 of causing clinical illness with a very low inoculum (10 to 100 CFU) and resistance to multiple anti

40 ized by endemic disease and free movement of inoculum) (10,15) , and regions with genetic similaritie

41 51% after 48 h), the OM digestibility of the inoculum (13% after 48 h) itself was of significance in

42 The initial inoculum, a filtered clinical stool sample from the inde

43 s developed from an activated sludge sample (inoculum), acetate as electron donor and a poised electr

44 Overall, glucose added at 1.8 wt % and soil inoculum added at 0.1 wt % provided the most effective m

45 s of organic carbon complexity and microbial inoculum addition rates on the performance of these trea

46 clinical disease outcomes and the volume of inoculum administered and investigated these differences

47 However, the contributions of the volume of inoculum administered and the ferret's respiratory tract

48 ase outcome were the result of the volume of inoculum administered.

49 Here we show that the dose of the virus inoculum affects these key virologic parameters followin

50 In contrast, clumped inoculum allowed the proliferation of several different

51 The expectorated viral inoculum also contains an assortment of mosquito salivar

52 sitive and 95% specific with a 0.5 McFarland inoculum and 100% sensitive and 68% specific with a 2.0

53 Once inoculum and catholyte were added to the MFC, a current

54 t and wild-type mothers, we showed that both inoculum and genotype shape microbiota populations in th

55 The proportion of each variant within each inoculum and in plasma from infected animals was determi

56 2,622, 1,434, and 1,703 polymorphisms in the inoculum and in the two foot lesions, respectively: most

57 clear but might include differences in start inoculum and niche-specific factors such as oxygen level

58 that impacted the results the most were high inoculum and pH 5.5 (no growth of H. influenzae and S. p

59 1E2 glycoprotein gene sequences in the donor inoculum and recipient mice were determined following si

60 festans (causal agent of potato late blight) inoculum and the subsequent risk of infection.

61 s proposed as a check of the adequacy of the inoculum and to confirm sulfonamide MIC results.

62 e of liver disease was mediated by the virus inoculum and/or by host factors, including breed, age, a

63 grown with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum, and after 2 wk, plants were inoculated or mock

64 the presence of two distinct isolates in the inoculum, and compare isolate properties to those of a h

65 learance of infected cells depended on virus inoculum, and the required inoculum varied by epitope.

66 , and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and from the inoculum, and the SIV envelope fragment was amplified by

67 MHA) with 5% sheep blood and a 0.5 McFarland inoculum; and (iii) BHI screen agar plates containing 4

68 lavin when grown in a highly dense bacterial inoculum ( approximately 10(11) CFU/ml) on solid media,

69 rthropod-derived components within the viral inoculum are increasingly acknowledged to play a role in

70 findings support short distance movement of inoculum as the main spread of disease in the groves stu

71 MM-biocathode was similar to that of the MM inoculum but was enriched in Spirochaetes and other none

72 ngs grew similarly when provided sterile EMF inoculum, but drought-tolerant seedlings grew 25% larger

73 here is a robust phenomenon with respect to inoculum characteristics and environmental parameters li

74 tprK variable region sequences found in the inoculum compared to reactivity to tprK variant sequence

75 mes were observed for the blood donor spleen inoculum compared with the blood donor brain inoculum, s

76 10 years after infection with a well-defined inoculum composed of a clonal genotype 1a (isolate H77C)

77 The aim was to optimise inoculum concentration and incubation duration for a pub

78 An inoculum concentration of 160 g/L was considered optimal

79 Increasing the inoculum concentration of K. lactis resulted in decrease

80 is study investigated the influence of their inoculum concentration on aroma production.

81 ferences in the cell density, the planktonic inoculum concentration or the surface-area-to-volume rat

82 temperature, incubation time, CO2 level, and inoculum concentration were tested by all methods, and v

83 tio of viable aerosol concentration to total inoculum concentration).

84 These findings provide evidence that the inoculum concentration, i.e., severity of infection, is

85 In addition, the impact of temperature, inoculum concentration, shaking and pH control by additi

86 digestibility (DMD) generally increased with inoculum concentration.

87 lm formation, only when planktonic bacterial inoculum concentrations are less than a threshold level

88 At inoculum concentrations as low as 8 colony-forming units

89 tests and the occurrence of failures at low inoculum concentrations due to the exclusion of specific

90 A sharp increase in DMD observed at high inoculum concentrations may have been related to problem

91 AgNP-laden glass surfaces at lower bacterial inoculum concentrations than were needed for survival an

92 study increased test duration and increased inoculum concentrations to more environmentally relevant

93 Under lower inoculum conditions, similar to the levels of symbiont c

94 e amount of C. muridarum Nigg in the initial inoculum, confirming the role of the plasmid in virulenc

95 Although the inoculum consisted of approximately equal numbers of eac

96 Rats were infected with polybacterial inoculum consisting of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Trepone

97 In vivo, mice transplanted with an inoculum containing Nod1 x 2(-/-) T cells were protected

98 It is likely that the inoculum contains multiple genetic variants, differing i

99 a minority of the embryonic stem cell (ESC) inoculum contributes to the adult chimaera.

100 infected mice: ~50% of the initial bacterial inoculum could be harvested from the alveolar airspace 3

101 vidence suggests multiple sources of primary inoculum could be important.

102 abundant OTUs identified in the biofilm and inoculum cultures were highlighted on the basis of previ

103 systemic infection with the LD(5)(0) fungal inoculum decreasing 3-fold in alpha(X)beta(2)-deficient

104 ve of the presence of 21 kDa PrP(res) in the inoculum, demonstrating that GSS is a genuine prion dise

105 tart filling this knowledge gap by analyzing inoculum dependent patterns of viral load dynamics in ac

106 en-activated protein kinase signalling in an inoculum-dependent manner, and is required for induction

107 e SpoIIE inactivation strain did not exhibit inoculum-dependent solvent formation and produced good l

108 radation, and evidence for substrate- and/or inoculum-dependent specificity in syntrophic partnership

109 culation of Mdr1a (-/-) mice with the EF.CIF inoculum described here does not increase colon inflamma

110 cing runs, and the consensus sequence of the inoculum determined by NGS was identical to that previou

111 An incubation duration of 18 h using a mean inoculum digestibility value for calculation purposes wa

112 m was significantly more homogenous than the inoculum directly derived from AGMs, pointing to a strai

113 erved when birds were inoculated at a higher inoculum dose (10(8) CFU per bird).

114 sponse recordings, correlated to the initial inoculum dose and to the levels of proinflammatory cytok

115 virus infections as examples, we demonstrate inoculum dose dependent patterns of virus dynamics.

116 d LAT-negative viruses are influenced by the inoculum dose following infection of the mouse whisker p

117 Despite the general recognition that inoculum dose is an important component of infection out

118 echanism to explain the lack of influence of inoculum dose on priming of T cells in the lymph node.

119 tes containing bb0318 In addition, at a high inoculum dose, bb0318 was found to be important for effe

120 Inoculum dose, i.e. the number of pathogens at the begin

121 illness onset was inversely correlated with inoculum dose.

122 T cells to the lungs was most influenced by inoculum dose.

123 eproduce observed virus dynamics for varying inoculum doses.

124 d intravaginally to lower rather than higher inoculum doses.

125 ecting 22,000 G3 mutant mice with MCMV at an inoculum easily contained by WT animals.

126 This inoculum effect is due to a decrease in free silver ion

127 This study showed that H2/CO2 pre-enriched inoculum enhanced biocathode CH4 production, although th

128 A proportion of the inoculum enters the bloodstream and goes to the liver, w

129 inoculation method that delivers an aerosol inoculum exclusively to the ferret ocular surface.

130 rs that likely influence HIV-1 virulence and inoculum, explain approximately 46% of the variation in

131 is can be severe, especially following heavy inoculum exposure.

132 actions degraded by a phenanthrene-degrading inoculum (%F(min)) indicated that slopes did not approxi

133 hallenged with an infectious HCV human serum inoculum for a prolonged period.

134 fermentation using Acetobacter aceti as the inoculum for approximately 30days at 32 degrees C to obt

135 this intermediate host used to produce virus inoculum for grass hosts.

136 ial comparison of a 1-mul versus 10-mul loop inoculum for the mCIM was performed by two testing sites

137 pie samples, including a fast-acting scrapie inoculum for which incubation time is highly dependent o

138 To test such prospects, an inoculum from a seawater-compensated ballast tank was am

139 d prior antiviral therapy or infection by an inoculum from a treatment experienced patient.

140 scent protein tags fail to distinguish virus inoculum from progeny.

141 s. drought intolerant), even when exposed to inoculum from the alternate tree type.

142 Rhizosphere soil inoculum from the S. ericoidesPR population stimulated p

143 nitial feasibility study, FMT using a frozen inoculum from unrelated donors is effective in treating

144 inistration of FMT using frozen encapsulated inoculum from unrelated donors.

145 ther groups received either negative control inoculum (group 4a,b) or were inoculated subcutaneously

146 ml vancomycin and casein and a 0.5 McFarland inoculum had the best sensitivity and specificity combin

147 binations were observed, suggesting that the inoculum had viral subpopulations that were selected aft

148 of MPyV infection and the titer of the viral inoculum have significant effects on the extent of allog

149 openem disk test, OXA-48 disk test, and high-inoculum [HI] OXA-48 disk test) and a new ICT (OXA-48 K-

150 art infusion (BHI) agar, and a 2.0 McFarland inoculum; (ii) Etest glycopeptide resistance detection (

151 Wastewater was used as the inoculum in CMFCs for anodic electrogenic bacteria that

152 mains regarding the role of locally produced inoculum in disease outbreaks, but evidence suggests mul

153 ould be fermented with the same fresh faecal inoculum in order to decrease variability.

154 res likely influence the distribution of the inoculum in the lower respiratory tract.

155 Ascospores are the primary inoculum in the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum t

156 Maximum currents produced using a wastewater inoculum increased with anode potentials in the range of

157 8%) reduction in the liver-to-blood parasite inoculum, indicating that in volunteers who developed P.

158 d cytotoxicity, and this was correlated with inoculum-induced upregulation of the inhibitory ligand H

159 ed how spatial heterogeneity of natural soil inoculum influences the performance of pine seedlings an

160 P1a pathway mutants, the growth phase of the inoculum is a key modulator of infectivity.

161 ed in risk assessments for crop diseases, as inoculum is generally assumed to be ubiquitous and nonli

162 A 1.0-ml volume of inoculum is optimal for delivery of virus to the lower r

163 ught to investigate the digestibility of the inoculum itself and the importance of correcting for thi

164 Remarkably, even though fibrils in the inoculum lack the entire C-terminal domain of PrP, brain

165 The inoculum level of SaB was higher in patients with elevat

166 al cells for both strains were equivalent to inoculum levels for 7 days after application, and viable

167 This amplifies inoculum levels of different strains in ash stands.

168 , episodic stresses can predispose plants to inoculum levels they would otherwise resist.

169 d that total cell amounts were equivalent to inoculum levels.

170 -cropping farms, whereas external sources of inoculum may be contributing to CLS epidemics in the mon

171 33 using 2 methods to prepare the bacterial inoculum (MicroScan turbidity and MicroScan Prompt).

172 Compared to the inoculum (mid-log-phase bacteria), H. ducreyi harvested

173 fact that SBV was the major component of the inoculum mixture.

174 At identical inoculum, mortality was reduced by more than half in mic

175 In a low-inoculum murine skin abscess model including a foreign b

176 At increasing inoculum numbers, mortality rates strikingly increased f

177 This was from an initial inoculum of <5 cfu per 25 ml milk with a background of c

178 A viral inoculum of 10(5) pfu/eye was determined to be optimal f

179 was observed after 2 h in loops receiving an inoculum of 100 or 200 mug of CPE but not using a 50-mug

180 s been extensively studied in volunteers, an inoculum of 2 x 10(7) bacteria resulted in 50% lethal do

181 me infectious within 15 d after receiving an inoculum of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (bacteria)

182 this model, after infection with a high-dose inoculum of encapsulated S. pneumoniae, alveolar macroph

183 ecreased survival in response to a sublethal inoculum of H. capsulatum The absence of myeloid HIF-1al

184 Surprisingly, infection with a large inoculum of high-passage-number attenuated L. interrogan

185 Infected by the same inoculum of Histoplasma, gal3(-/-) mice had lower fungal

186 Sugar addition and inoculum of selected yeast starter have been crucial for

187 ed whether we could reduce the gene transfer inoculum of the pseudotype while still achieving gene tr

188 njected with a subthreshold (nontumorigenic) inoculum of tumor cells by triggering macrophage proinfl

189 Human challenge with a small inoculum of virulent S. Typhi administered in bicarbonat

190 it morbidity and mortality at relatively low inoculums of MPXV.

191 o predict the effect of the level of initial inoculum on disease progression in a typically-sized cit

192 immune responses and the effects of initial inoculum on outcome.

193 eages may have been present in the infecting inoculum or assembled through multiple transmissions.

194 not fully, restored by an increase in virus inoculum or by altering the route of infection.

195 ion in mice after injection with either mock inoculum or murine CMV (mCMV).

196 hormones and even the size of the infecting inoculum or the number of repeated infections.

197 These biofilms were grown from dental plaque inoculum (oral microcosms) and were obtained from six sy

198 isease delay and severity were unaffected by inoculum parameters or tissue blotting but occurred soon

199 th a probability that is function of initial inoculum, plant population size and nodulation cycle len

200 riven by a fundamental asymmetry between the inoculum population and the stably colonized population

201 ch testing is complicated by difficulties in inoculum preparation and test interpretation.

202 The effect of the source medium on inoculum preparation was evaluated, and there were no di

203 Initially, an inoculum prepared from human feces was introduced into t

204 ses indicated that this variant arose in the inoculum pretransmission.

205 nfection of the recipient by high-titer MPyV inoculums producing the most profound PVAN.

206 , and specifically relate environment to the inoculum production, the resulting infection process, or

207 Aggressively reducing the bacterial inoculum promptly is critical because factors already in

208 In contrast, mgpB region B of the same inoculum propagated for 8 weeks in vitro remained unchan

209 thin 10 min on copper surfaces using a 'dry' inoculum protocol (with approximately 10(7) cfu cm(-2) )

210 medium (soil, compost, sewage sludge, etc.) inoculum provision, a targeted enrichment and isolation

211 (P < 0.0006) versus the wild type in a mixed inoculum rat endocarditis model.

212 d relative to TX82 (P </= 0.0001) in a mixed-inoculum rat endocarditis model.

213 ving heat-killed (i.e., control) virus-sized inoculum remained asymptomatic.

214 Here, we show that a small fraction of the inoculum remains in the skin and begins to develop into

215 The hypothesis that a larger infectious inoculum, represented by high aerosol production, determ

216 and ascertain the S. Typhi (Quailes strain) inoculum required for an attack rate of 60%-75% in typho

217 ape may have allowed these trees to serve as inoculum reservoirs that could lead to the infection of

218 Reducing the viral inoculum resulted in more efficient immune control.

219 amino acid evolution away from the infecting inoculum sequence still could be observed.

220 Often the inoculum shows a dramatic decrease in Colony Forming Uni

221 gonist (Kineret(R)) in the adoptive transfer inoculum significantly reduces microglia-induced tau pat

222 Changes in inoculum size (10(2)-10(5) colony-forming units/spot) or

223 sis shows dose-dependency based on bacterial inoculum size and based on PFP concentration.

224 ions (cell ratio of H. uvarum/S. cerevisiae; inoculum size and inoculation time of S. cerevisiae; fer

225 Our data do not support that inoculum size has a measurable influence on T cell primi

226 stipulates RPMI 1640 as the test medium, an inoculum size of 1 to 3 x 10(3) CFU/ml, and an incubatio

227 In particular, we investigated the impact of inoculum size upon outcomes of single-dose fungal exposu

228 bital motion, temperature, cultivation time, inoculum size, atmospheric gases and nutritional medium)

229 utant TIGR4 strains to assess the effects of inoculum size, bacterial replication, capsule, and alveo

230 The timing of exposure, inoculum size, immune status of the infant, and virulenc

231 rate the large effects of bacterial factors (inoculum size, the capsule, and rapid replication) and a

232 C57BL6 mice with M. tuberculosis resulted in inoculum size-dependent weight loss and mortality.

233 9 exported from one cell line to another was inoculum-size-dependent and reflected the levels of STIN

234 previously supported in studies using a low-inoculum skin infection model, where low levels of PVL a

235 Results suggested that local (within field) inoculum sources may be responsible for the initiation o

236 The relative contribution of these inoculum sources to CLS epidemics on table beet is not w

237 ls of air may assist in localizing potential inoculum sources, informing local and/or regional manage

238 th bactericidal and sterilizing effect, with inoculum spiked with 0.5% rifampin- and isoniazid-resist

239 leukotoxic effect might predominate in high inoculum studies, whereas protective proinflammatory pro

240 In addition, after a high-dose inoculum, successful lung infection required rapid bacte

241 inoculum compared with the blood donor brain inoculum, suggesting lower titres of infectivity in the

242 nfection, but 15-50% of the initial ingested inoculum survives within the PMN phagosome and likely co

243 genes 4 h after inoculation, compared to the inoculum suspension concomitant with an increased expres

244 These are longer than the inoculum template length, and a nascent 3' untranslated

245 When the polarity of the inoculum template was (+), the recombinant pool that acc

246 error occurred only when the polarity of the inoculum template was (+).

247 nt pool is determined by the polarity of the inoculum template.

248 the relative contribution of the polarity of inoculum templates remains poorly understood.

249 for the SIVsmE660 variants in the challenge inoculum that are most like SIV and HIVs that circulate

250 , or 10(6) parasites to determine an optimal inoculum that ensured cutaneous lesions without causing

251 In contrast, with a lower-dose inoculum, the bacterial doubling time increased to 56 mi

252 in part upon the size of the original virus inoculum, the viral load at the time of depletion, and t

253 sitely susceptible to an otherwise nonlethal inoculum, thereby demonstrating the requirement for neut

254 s, Tregs should be removed from the transfer inoculum to avoid false-negative results.

255 ivity, but both assays required an increased inoculum to detect carbapenemase production in isolates

256 minimal combination of carbon substrate and inoculum to drive pH neutralization and element removal.

257 hod that delivers an influenza virus aerosol inoculum to ferrets and the characterization of size dis

258 m 5% of the total bacterial community in the inoculum to over 50% after 4 months.

259 conditions using green waste compost as the inoculum to study cellulose hydrolysis in a microbial co

260 mate change on the connectivity of crops for inoculum transmission may provide additional explanatory

261 utant was attenuated (P = 0.0024) in a mixed-inoculum (TX82 plus TX82 DeltaccpA) rat endocarditis mod

262 The plasma inoculum used for the serial passage did not contain adv

263 96; and (iii) the source of prion-containing inoculum used to infect deer affects the likelihood of p

264 (foot lesions) from a single animal with the inoculum used to initiate experimental infection.

265 rite-curing, depending strongly on the fecal inoculum used.

266 parasite load occurred independently of the inoculum used.

267 ts the number of PreS1*-HDVs per cell in the inoculum used.

268 e isogenic parental strain, TX82, in a mixed-inoculum UTI model (P < 0.001 to 0.048), that reconstitu

269 ber of variants transmitted and that certain inoculum variants are preferentially transmitted.

270 depended on virus inoculum, and the required inoculum varied by epitope.

271 ncurrent net ongoing evolution away from the inoculum virus sequence, likely balancing replicative fi

272 When administered in a relatively large inoculum volume, the virus also replicated efficiently i

273 tissue culture infective doses in a range of inoculum volumes (0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 ml) and followed vira

274 We found that a wide range of inoculum volumes was used to experimentally infect ferre

275 We found that the lethal inoculum was >100-fold greater in transgenic versus glob

276 In contrast, when the polarity of the inoculum was (-), the progeny contained a pool of native

277 mina refining), to which a diverse microbial inoculum was added, were used in this study to identify

278 Approximately 8% of the ATCV-1 inoculum was associated with macrophages after 1 h, and

279 r material, in which around 10% of the viral inoculum was detectable.

280 with P. aeruginosa, we showed that a lethal inoculum was effectively cleared by tobramycin NPs in a

281 When the inoculum was homogenously distributed, a single EM funga

282 Infected or mock-infected inoculum was identified within lymphatic vessels of the

283 accumulating in the cells in which the virus inoculum was made.

284 Bacterial inoculum was measured in patient sera with elevated (n =

285 res and in the murine decidua in vivo A high inoculum was necessary to infect both human and mouse de

286 ces noted in MICs, regardless of whether the inoculum was prepared from isolates grown in Middlebrook

287 Even when the inoculum was reduced to 1 x 10(4) IFU, the CBA/J mice st

288 f both strains, although a relatively higher inoculum was required for BALB/c.

289 , an E1E2 variant undetectable in the source inoculum was selected for during transmission.

290 Single-genome amplification showed that this inoculum was significantly more homogenous than the inoc

291 ganglioside reconstitution of the tumor cell inoculum was sufficient to increase MDSC infiltration, s

292 establishment of infection from a high-dose inoculum, we adoptively transferred large numbers of T c

293 ma from an acutely infected AGM as the virus inoculum, we exposed adult and juvenile AGMs, as well as

294 All tested types of WHV inoculum were related, because they were collected from

295 this issue advocates for the use of a larger inoculum when culturing urine obtained by "in-and-out" c

296 ues at a high frequency (83%) using a single inoculum, when animals with restrictive MHC-I or TRIM5al

297 binant protein spanning MgpB region B of the inoculum, while reactivity to a recombinant protein repr

298 In corroboration, preincubation of the ETEC inoculum with antiadhesin and antifimbrial bovine colost

299 ith the BD InoqulA instrument using a 10-mul inoculum with results from cultures plated manually with

300 the spaces between cells, the amount of the inoculum within the lumen of lymphatic vessels, and the

301 llowing vaccination, and therefore, a larger inoculum would be required for effective vaccination.