ライフサイエンスコーパス: inside-out

1 cur, causing embryos to complete development inside out.

2 a folded polypeptide globular domain turned inside-out.

3 examine the incidence and time dependence of inside-out abrasion in asymptomatic patients implanted w

4 y has posed a unique clinical scenario where inside-out abrasion results in externalization of conduc

5 ectric failure and mechanical separation via inside-out abrasion.

6 motaxis in vitro and in vivo with failure of inside-out activation and trafficking of the Mac1 integr

7 ier in integrin activation, and suggest that inside-out activation in intact cells may involve confor

8 ent conformation with disulfide bonds resist inside-out activation induced by cytoplasmic domain muta

9 ation, secretion, and integrin alphaIIbbeta3 inside-out activation induced by several agonists were n

10 In the absence of inside-out activation ligand, binding to LFA-1 is extrem

11 n the basis of the results, we propose a new inside-out activation mechanism for integrin alpha(IIb)b

12 genetic variability in proteins that mediate inside-out activation of alphaIIbbeta3 The RASGRP2 gene

13 ting monocytes through beta(2) integrins and inside-out activation of beta(2) integrins by monocyte c

14 Altogether, these studies establish that inside-out activation of beta1 integrins promotes tumor

15 s is critically dependent on agonist-induced inside-out activation of heterodimeric integrin receptor

16 elet aggregation was accompanied by impaired inside-out activation of integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) and

17 nd PI3Kbeta in integrin alpha2beta1 promoted inside-out activation of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 and thro

18 Second messenger-mediated inside-out activation of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 is a key

19 nderlie the cell adhesion phenotypes through inside-out activation of integrin signaling.

20 Although talin binding is sufficient for inside-out activation of integrin, other cytoplasmic pro

21 actin-binding protein that controls both the inside-out activation of integrins and actin filament an

22 tems, we show that Akt1 is essential for the inside-out activation of integrins in endothelial cells

23 Inside-out activation of integrins is mediated via the b

24 ein, is thought to have two roles: mediating inside-out activation of integrins, and connecting extra

25 signals involving TLR2 and PI3k that promote inside-out activation of Mac-1, thereby enhancing spore

26 Loss of ADAP also impairs TCR-initiated inside-out activation of the integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18,

27 s occurred in the TMs upon alpha(IIb)beta(3) inside-out activation.

28 re or after soluble ligand binding or during inside-out activation.

29 al changes in the TM domains associated with inside-out activation.

30 ein, and the lipid bilayer promotes integrin inside-out activation.

31 )-mediated activation of nmMYLK resulted in "inside-out" activation of beta1 integrin, followed by "o

32 -methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine to trigger "inside-out" activation, the effects of hyperoxia are rev

33 ssociated Protein-1)-mediated modulation of "inside-out" activation.

34 ich mediates Rap1 activation during platelet inside-out alphaIIbbeta3 signaling.

35 oocytes and measured unitary currents in the inside-out and cell-attached modes of the patch-clamp te

36 Membrane proteins play vital roles in inside-out and outside-in signal transduction by respond

37 n receptor plays key roles in mediating both inside-out and outside-in signaling between cells and th

38 fetimes of cell surface attachments for both inside-out and outside-in signaling exhibit single-bond-

39 In this article, we examine the impact of inside-out and outside-in signaling in neutrophils on th

40 ration of these domains is required for both inside-out and outside-in signaling, the role of TM homo

41 e plasma membrane in pathways referred to as inside-out and outside-in signaling.

42 ells, at the single-molecule level, from the inside out, and all the way up to cell-cell interactions

43 odels to take a comprehensive outside-in and inside-out approach at exploring how integrin alphaIIbbe

44 istry and biology have come together in the "inside-out" approach to enzyme engineering.

45 , Terada and colleagues demonstrate a novel 'inside-out' attachment sensing role for the adapter prot

46 Within minutes, CR3 undergoes inside-out auto-activation that drives the downregulatio

47 However, a role for inside-out beta1 activation in tumor cell metastasis is

48 hough abscission could be organized from the inside out by the microtubule-based midbody or from the

49 rtery wall is constructed radially, from the inside out, by two separate but coordinated processes.

50 macromolecular complex functioned to amplify inside-out Ca(2+) signaling in response to IL-8 stimulat

51 The mechanistic underpinnings of this inside-out Ca(2+) signalling were largely undefined.

52 c cancer selectively affect the mechanism of inside-out cell surface regulation without inhibiting ba

53 212-2-gated current (I(WIN)) was recorded in inside-out configuration.

54 excision using patch-clamp recording in the inside-out configuration.

55 Instead, CIU generates inside-out conformations where previously surface-expose

56 Thus, NHE9 mediates inside-out control of oncogenic signalling and is a high

57 On its own, computational "inside-out" design can lead to the production of catalyt

58 ed spiroligozymes) were designed, using the "inside-out" design strategy, and mutated synthetically t

59 Thus, initial segments assemble from the inside out driven by the intrinsic accumulation of ankyr

60 nverts changes in external K(+) into rapid, 'inside-out' electrical signaling to direct blood flow to

61 d recombinant pleckstrin homology domains to inside-out excised patches.

62 In inside-out-excised neuronal patch recordings, we found a

63 ted vagus and patch clamp and single-channel inside-out experiments showed that the effect of theophy

64 phase NPC assembly proceeds by an asymmetric inside-out extrusion of the INM.

65 ing this region, calmodulin regulates in an "inside-out" fashion the ectodomain shedding of the recep

66 esions and a chronically elevated outside-in/inside-out focal adhesion (FA) kinase (FAK)-Rho signalin

67 We find that contractility-based, inside-out forces are evenly distributed at the edges of

68 sized to occur due to modulation of cellular inside-out forces in response to changes in the external

69 ocortex, are thought to be essential for the inside out formation of neocortical layers.

70 dure that enabled us to image reconstructed, inside-out FtsZ rings by negative-stain EM, revealing th

71 The inside-out FtsZ rings moved back and forth along the tub

72 re that we discovered here for reconstituted inside-out FtsZ rings provides what to our knowledge is

73 iphosphine ((CH2)14)3 P (1) can rapidly turn inside-out (homeomorphic isomerization) to give a mixtur

74 hesis that teeth evolved before jaws and the inside-out hypothesis of dental evolution must be reject

75 on in the vertebrate lineage, inspiring the 'inside-out' hypothesis that teeth evolved independently

76 orces using nanonet force microscopy in both inside-out (I-O intrinsic contractility) and outside-in

77 colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-stimulated inside-out integrin activation and cytoskeleton organiza

78 The small GTPase Rap1 regulates inside-out integrin activation and thereby influences ce

79 Radil and negatively regulates Rap1-mediated inside-out integrin activation by tethering Radil on mic

80 , including advances in our understanding of inside-out integrin activation.

81 and spontaneously adhesive in the absence of inside-out integrin signaling but that LFA-1-mediated fi

82 roton fluxes indicated that IAR was inserted inside-out into our sealed LUV system, which we confirme

83 erichia coli, using right-side-out (RSO) and inside-out (ISO) membrane vesicles.

84 etach and go' model explains many aspects of inside-out lamination, defects in the Reeler mutant and

85 ing cascade to establish the characteristic "inside out" lamination pattern.

86 We outline a unified model for inside-out layering of the neocortex, hinging on a new i

87 ates heterologously expressed rat NBCe1-A in inside-out macropatches excised from Xenopus laevis oocy

88 Depletion of endogenous PIP(2) in inside-out macropatches from Xenopus oocytes inhibited h

89 In excised inside-out macropatches of HEK293 cells, activation of w

90 Exposing the cytosolic side of inside-out macropatches to a 5% CO(2)/33 mM HCO(3)(-) so

91 ensitivity to MTS reagents, as measured with inside-out macropatches.

92 urons do not integrate into the cortex in an inside-out manner but preferentially (75%) occupy superf

93 progenitors (RGPs) in a birth-date-dependent inside-out manner.

94 uired to modulate the FHOD1 activity and the inside-out mechanical coupling that tunes the cell inter

95 Here we detail three passive, 'inside-out' mechanotransduction mechanisms with an empha

96 of these mutations by radiotracer efflux and inside-out membrane patch clamping in COSm6 cells expres

97 When applied to inside-out membrane patches expressing rat TRPA1, URB597

98 mon CF mutation, F508del-CFTR, using excised inside-out membrane patches from transiently transfected

99 P/Q-type channels was reconstituted in giant inside-out membrane patches from Xenopus oocytes.

100 in blocking TRPC5 single channels in excised inside-out membrane patches, hinting to a direct block o

101 ensitization can be recapitulated in excised inside-out membrane patches, reversed by strong reducing

102 d acutely suppresses P/Q channel activity in inside-out membrane patches, that this action requires C

103 in physiological saline, and yet in excised inside-out membrane patches, the Na+ EC50 for KNa channe

104 )P(2) levels and/or by adding PI(3,5)P(2) to inside-out membrane patches.

105 effect on BK(Ca) channel open probability in inside-out membrane patches.

106 pressed in Lactococcus lactis and studied in inside-out membrane vesicles and in purified form.

107 When inside-out membrane vesicles from each of these substitu

108 e cross-linking studies on the McjD dimer in inside-out membrane vesicles of E. coli confirmed the pr

109 Moreover, in vitro experiments using inside-out membrane vesicles show that MRP1 supports ATP

110 cium transport measurements in intact cells, inside-out membrane vesicles, and proteoliposomes contai

111 take of tritiated estradiol glucuronide into inside-out membrane vesicles, their affinity for and abi

112 se-coupled H(+) transport was measured using inside-out membrane vesicles.

113 evelopment of a sterol transfer assay using "inside-out" membrane vesicles from Sf9 cells expressing

114 to "outside-in" primary immune mediated and "inside-out" metabolic stress of oligodendrocyte (OL) rel

115 It also suggests an inside-out model of signal transduction where VSV interr

116 These findings support an inside-out model of T cell triggering driven by small-mo

117 m the axon (inside) to the myelin (outside) (Inside-Out model).

118 alaxies, star formation is quenched from the inside out, on time scales less than 1 billion years in

119 From the inside out or from the outside in?

120 notype-dependent effect was observed for the inside-out or outside-in physical skin barrier function.

121 cell-attached patches but failed to do so in inside-out or outside-out patches.

122 r at the plasma membrane requiring integrin 'inside-out' or 'outside-in' signalling.

123 protein was functionally reconstituted in an inside-out orientation.

124 The spheres develop via an inside-out Ostwald ripening mechanism.

125 s in all four configurations (cell-attached, inside-out, outside-out, and whole-cell).

126 lower in the permeabilized cell than in the inside-out patch and that this is caused by interaction

127 ermined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and inside-out patch clamp in human trabecular meshwork (TM)

128 Using two-electrode voltage clamp and inside-out patch clamp recordings from Xenopus laevis oo

129 ombined with single-channel recording in the inside-out patch configuration showed that ATP efflux co

130 Inside-out patch experiments revealed that PD-307243 inc

131 d to the internal face of the membrane using inside-out patch recording.

132 tigated this point using both whole-cell and inside-out patch recordings from human Na(v)1.7 channels

133 nels were detected in both cell-attached and inside-out patch recordings in C6 cells expressing Cx43,

134 en applied directly as a purified peptide in inside-out patch recordings.

135 ssion, as assessed by whole-cell and excised inside-out patch recordings.

136 ving this process by using two-electrode and inside-out patch voltage clamp in normal and truncated (

137 In excised inside-out patch-clamp measurements, ATP reactivated the

138 d in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, using inside-out patch-clamp recordings.

139 ressed in HEK-293 cells using whole-cell and inside-out patch-clamp recordings.

140 hatase 1, inhibits NDPK-B-activated TRPV5 in inside/out patch experiments.

141 In detached, inside out patches single-channel currents were abolishe

142 +) (10 mum) applied to the cytosolic side of inside-out patches activated the 20 pS channel.

143 Zn(2+) to the intracellular face of excised, inside-out patches activates TRPA1 with an EC(50) value

144 ibodies markedly reduced channel activity in inside-out patches and also produced a pronounced reduct

145 K(ATP) channel activity was measured in inside-out patches and plasma membrane potential in perf

146 o TEA, iberiotoxin, was activated in excised inside-out patches by Ca 2+(i) and is the type I maxi-K+

147 Addition of FMRP to inside-out patches containing native Aplysia Slack chann

148 In inside-out patches diC8-PIP(2) also inhibited TRPC6 acti

149 d CNBD, application of cyclic nucleotides to inside-out patches did not affect currents recorded from

150 a water soluble form of PIP(2), to quiescent inside-out patches evoked single channel currents with a

151 lar magnitude in cell-attached patches as in inside-out patches exposed to 10 mm MgATP.

152 Single channel recordings of excised inside-out patches from the apical membrane of aldostero

153 Utilizing inside-out patches from Xenopus oocytes heterologously e

154 n of anti-TRPC6 and anti-TRPC1 antibodies to inside-out patches inhibited Icat1 and Icat2, respective

155 ified Gbetagamma proteins applied to excised inside-out patches inhibited TRPM3 currents, indicating

156 n of anti-TRPC3 and anti-TRPC7 antibodies to inside-out patches markedly inhibited ET-1-evoked I(cat)

157 potassium (BK(Ca)) channels were studied in inside-out patches of human NTERA2 neuronal cells (NT2-N

158 ent chemicals; no activation was observed in inside-out patches unless a polyphosphate was present.

159 matched the maximum activation achieved with inside-out patches with zero cytosolic Ca(2+), whereas t

160 uced the gamma of 5-HT(3A)(QCA) receptors in inside-out patches, an effect reversed by the reducing a

161 In inside-out patches, currents were inhibited strongly by

162 In excised inside-out patches, GsMTx4 sensitized both channels to t

163 In whole-cell recordings and inside-out patches, H(2)O(2) or diamide caused a strong

164 In excised, inside-out patches, the same method of FN application le

165 K(ATP) channel density, recorded in excised inside-out patches, was larger at the cell end when comp

166 experiments and when transiently applied to inside-out patches.

167 but had little effect on channel opening on inside-out patches.

168 , H(2)O(2) did not directly activate ENaC in inside-out patches.

169 by acidification of the cytosolic surface of inside-out patches.

170 in the cell-attached patches but not in the inside-out patches.

171 0 nm Ang II-evoked TRPC6 channel activity in inside-out patches.

172 er the ability of PIP(2) to activate SOCs in inside-out patches.

173 l or macroscopic currents were recorded from inside-out patches.

174 ctivate TRPA1, also failed to activate it in inside-out patches.

175 Hypoxia did not inhibit BK in inside-out patches.

176 ly rising ICl was recorded in whole-cell and inside-out patches.

177 y when applied to the internal surface using inside-out patches.

178 le-cell dialysis, as well as when applied to inside-out patches.

179 id and allowed channel activation by heat in inside-out patches.

180 ol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P(2)) in excised inside-out patches.

181 els inactivate upon prolonged stimulation in inside-out patches; this "rundown" is due to PIP(2) depl

182 Inhibition of kindlin-dependent steps in the inside-out pathway as an approach to block platelet aggr

183 The importance of integrin inside-out pathway in vascular physiology has been unequ

184 nction, the identity of the T cell receptor "inside-out" pathway for lymphocyte function-associated a

185 Here, we define the "inside-out" pathway mediated by N-terminal SKAP1 (SKAP-5

186 Overall, our findings define a TCR "inside-out" pathway via N-SKAP1-C-RapL that regulates T

187 pregnated neurons conformed to the expected "inside-out" pattern of development, meaning that cells p

188 However, the mechanism is probably "inside-out": pharmacological chaperoning in the endoplas

189 olves a novel process whereby large, intact, inside-out phosphatidylserine (PS)-exposed autophagic ve

190 Herein we report an inside-out preinstallation-infusion-hydration method for

191 indicated that the receptors involved in the inside-out proadhesive pathway (CD14, TLR2, and CD11b/CD

192 CD14 plays an important role in this "inside-out" proadhesive pathway by binding fimbriae and

193 circulating mature reticulocytes expressing inside-out PS-exposed autophagic vesicles because of asp

194 These results suggest that RGP-guided inside-out radial neuronal migration facilitates the ini

195 pletion of DISABLED-1, which compromises the inside-out radial neuronal migration pattern in the deve

196 nnexin B12 showed that the protein underwent inside-out refolding that brought previously buried hydr

197 ellular catalytic domain can be activated by inside-out regulation is not completely understood.

198 d a fluorescent probe that shed light on the inside-out regulation of one of the major leukocyte inte

199 lipodia formation, suggesting a key role for inside-out S1P signaling.

200 Reelin is essential for the stereotypical inside-out sequential lamination of the neocortex, but t

201 eric membrane proteins that uniquely mediate inside-out signal transduction, whereby adhesion to the

202 tant gap in understanding substrate-specific inside-out signal transfer along cleaved transmembrane p

203 This inside-out signal transfer required substrate homodimeri

204 These cells exhibit increased beta2 integrin inside-out signaling (binding affinity and avidity), and

205 dlins are cytoplasmic molecules that mediate inside-out signaling and activation of the integrins.

206 ional states independently regulated by both inside-out signaling and ligand binding.

207 critical role in integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3) inside-out signaling and platelet aggregation.

208 dulates ethanol inhibition of L1 adhesion by inside-out signaling and that differential regulation of

209 required for ligand binding during integrin inside-out signaling and that the deadbolt does not regu

210 The molecular mechanisms underlying inside-out signaling are not completely understood.

211 gain of function is not because of enhanced inside-out signaling because granular secretion, Thrombo

212 s, licensing controls signals as proximal as inside-out signaling by activating receptors but not int

213 zation step is mediated by the activation of inside-out signaling by integrins and by the secretion o

214 In toto, our data suggest that inside-out signaling by specific residues in the cytopla

215 a1, beta2 and beta3 integrins, but defective inside-out signaling causes immune deficiency and bleedi

216 ssue macrophages and the requirement of TLR2 inside-out signaling for CR3 exploitation by P. gingival

217 ngs provide evidence for a novel paradigm of inside-out signaling in platelets, whereby beta3 integri

218 This indicates the existence of inside-out signaling in the EGF receptor system.

219 Remarkably, inside-out signaling induced by each one of these recept

220 Inside-out signaling is mediated by binding adaptor prot

221 lets, is known to regulate receptor-mediated inside-out signaling leading to integrin activation and

222 regulates integrin activation, TCR-initiated inside-out signaling may induce a conformational change

223 E-cadherin present at the cell surface by an inside-out signaling mechanism is important in cancer.

224 at upon binding Syk opens the receptor by an inside-out signaling mechanism that amplifies BCR signal

225 rolling activation of these receptors via an inside-out signaling mechanism, but the precise structur

226 egrin signaling in HTM cells, possibly by an inside-out signaling mechanism.

227 We present evidence that LapD utilizes an inside-out signaling mechanism: binding c-di-GMP in the

228 , with activators, inhibitors, and elaborate inside-out signaling mechanisms controlling its conforma

229 mechanism impairs the activation of a major inside-out signaling pathway that triggers the conformat

230 pon denervation, demonstrating an unexpected inside-out signaling pathway; the receptor up-regulation

231 Upon platelet activation, inside-out signaling pathways increase the affinity of a

232 ese studies establish ADAP as a component of inside-out signaling pathways that couple GP Ib-IX-V and

233 1), can directly participate in the platelet inside-out signaling process.

234 Inside-out signaling regulation of the beta2-integrin le

235 e as compared with controls, suggesting that inside-out signaling remains intact.

236 at-H-depleted cells coincided with defective inside-out signaling shown by diminished chemokine-induc

237 Development of a recombinant inside-out signaling system in Chinese hamster ovary cel

238 duce a cascade of signaling events termed as inside-out signaling that culminate in exposure of high-

239 apid activation of Pyk2 and JNK, followed by inside-out signaling that leads to cell detachment-induc

240 through Itgbeta1 to drive cell invasion, and inside-out signaling that maintains tumor cell-matrix co

241 TLR2 proadhesive pathway is characterized by inside-out signaling that transactivates beta(2) integri

242 V-containing ligand to study the role of the inside-out signaling through formyl peptide receptor and

243 modulates adhesion of T cells by regulating inside-out signaling through LFA-1.

244 Inside-out signaling to integrins is mediated by the sma

245 Inside-out signaling to integrins is mediated by the sma

246 l cytotoxicity and that steps as distinct as inside-out signaling to LFA-1 and signals for granule re

247 -1 properties but was instead due to reduced inside-out signaling to LFA-1 by activating receptors.

248 extracellular transportation of S1P and its inside-out signaling via S1P1.

249 The small G protein Rap1 can mediate "inside-out signaling" by recruiting effectors to the pla

250 phils in Mg2+ plus the chemokine IL-8 (i.e., inside-out signaling) induces several-hundred-fold longe

251 leads to alphaIIbbeta3 integrin activation (inside-out signaling) is not clearly defined.

252 in the GPIb-IX-mediated integrin activation (inside-out signaling).

253 lin-2-mediated integrin activation (integrin inside-out signaling).

254 This occurs through a process known as inside-out signaling, which has been shown to require se

255 R7 activate LFA-1 through processes known as inside-out signaling.

256 ily members as crucial mediators of integrin inside-out signaling.

257 ta(3) outside-in signaling in the absence of inside-out signaling.

258 found in the active state in the absence of inside-out signaling.

259 /AKT activation, thereby initiating integrin inside-out signaling.

260 namically regulated through a process termed inside-out signaling.

261 aling distinct from that in GPIb-IX-mediated inside-out signaling.

262 ligand-binding affinity and valency through inside-out signaling.

263 or P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1-induced inside-out signaling.

264 and to perform proper alphaIIbbeta3 integrin inside-out signaling.

265 lular signals from CD36, similar to integrin inside-out signaling.

266 ITAM to recruit activated Syk family kinases Inside-out signaling: signals initiated by engagement of

267 is a multifunctional adapter that regulates "inside-out" signaling from the TCR to integrins.

268 of responsiveness of LFA-1 to SDF-1-induced "inside-out" signaling involving CXCR4 and Lyn, leading t

269 ble IFNAR1 degradation, the existence of an "inside-out" signaling that accelerates IFNAR1 turnover i

270 in into TCR-induced adhesive junctions, and "inside-out" signaling to beta1 integrins.

271 ly to their ligands but become active after 'inside-out' signaling through other membrane receptors.

272 Inside-out signalling activates integrins through a tali

273 The first talin-binding wave mediates inside-out signalling and also ligand-induced integrin a

274 Each receptor was capable of inducing inside-out signals for LFA-1, promoting adhesion, but no

275 nd avidity of integrins can be regulated via inside-out signals from other receptors.

276 Strong inside-out signals induced by the combination of NKG2D a

277 d platelet aggregation, providing proof that inside-out signals that activate alpha(IIb)beta(3) requi

278 quired for activation of the GTPase Rap1 and inside-out signals that promote integrin adhesion.

279 CD14, independently of TLR/MyD88-induced or inside-out signals.

280 tion of beta1 integrins can be regulated by "inside-out" signals leading to extravasation from the ci

281 n platelets alphaIIbbeta3 integrins require "inside-out" signals to bind fibrinogen and form thrombi.

282 dence that epidermal Par3 loss disturbed the inside-out skin barrier, coinciding with altered express

283 se results delineate a novel force-activated inside-out Src/PI3K/FAK/Akt pathway by which cancer cell

284 However, activation of Rap1b and inside-out stimulation of integrin alphaIIbbeta3 were re

285 Here, the authors show an inside-out strategy to synthesize multilayered polymer c

286 Here, we demonstrate an inside-out technique for creating multilayered polymer c

287 that explain the ability of talin to mediate inside-out TM signalling.

288 heterocomplex and the mechanism of integrin inside-out transmembrane signaling.

289 We tested each of them directly in inside-out TRP-expressing patches excised from the rhabd

290 w the key signaling events that occur in the inside-out versus outside-in pathways, highlighting rece

291 brane translocation in a fully reconstituted inside-out vesicle system.

292 screening (VLS) were tested in vitro, using inside-out vesicles (IOV), for inhibition of cGMP efflux

293 es from our laboratory using plasma membrane inside-out vesicles (ISOV) prepared from yeast expressin

294 amined the rate of ankyrin displacement from inside-out vesicles by the hexahistidine-tagged cytoplas

295 ntly, purified dematin binds to the stripped inside-out vesicles in a saturable manner, and dematin-m

296 gy with the sequence seen during spontaneous inside-out vesiculation of erythrocyte membranes suggest

297 of the patch-clamp technique (cell-attached, inside-out, whole-cell, outside-out and perforated patch

298 sh that the channels are inserted uniformly "inside-out" with their cytoplasmic surface facing the me

299 The inside-out Z rings were highly dynamic, and generated a

300 This assembled 'inside-out' Z rings that wrapped around the outside surf