ライフサイエンスコーパス: intergenic region

1 on the opposite DNA strand in the psbT/psbH intergenic region.

2 haracterize YqjI regulation of the yqjH-yqjI intergenic region.

3 scape to contain the full upstream PAX6-RCN1 intergenic region.

4 sequence (UAS)(INO) (E-box) sequences in the intergenic region.

5 npA), a hypothetical protein gene, and in an intergenic region.

6 PntR bound only the corresponding pntR-gapR intergenic region.

7 ential PecS binding sites were found in this intergenic region.

8 t occurred from factors within the SNA3-INO1 intergenic region.

9 e N gene and a novel 6-nt insert in the HN-L intergenic region.

10 e of 15,198 nt and a 6-nt insert in the HN-L intergenic region.

11 tiation remains unexpectedly high across the intergenic region.

12 onserved regulatory element in the noncoding intergenic region.

13 second binding site located in the manX-manY intergenic region.

14 tor sites positioned in the NWMN_0027-0026.5 intergenic region.

15 reading frame (ORF) (GAL1-YLR454W) or in an intergenic region.

16 hich binds to two operators in the simR-simX intergenic region.

17 ption factor that binds with the serC-Rv0885 intergenic region.

18 region compared to those seen in the intact intergenic region.

19 ence motif, most of which are located in the intergenic region.

20 s), and 68 meningococci had the capsule-null intergenic region.

21 osite orientations, separated by a noncoding intergenic region.

22 Five states map mainly to genes and five to intergenic regions.

23 oter-proximal regions to the gene bodies and intergenic regions.

24 s selected more features from non-CpG island intergenic regions.

25 D hotspots occur almost equally in genic and intergenic regions.

26 pped reads were also found from intronic and intergenic regions.

27 ce sites, 5' and 3' UTRs, non-coding RNA and intergenic regions.

28 rity of these sites are present in predicted intergenic regions.

29 alities found in human cancer are located in intergenic regions.

30 nscribed regions, both within introns and in intergenic regions.

31 ranslocatome by increasing rearrangements to intergenic regions.

32 her transposon classes, as well as genic and intergenic regions.

33 1, DHRS12, ITPK1, ACSF3 and TNFRSF13C, and 2 intergenic regions.

34 hisms (SNPs) from 46 candidate genes and two intergenic regions.

35 polyA) transcripts originating from presumed intergenic regions.

36 on start sites (TSSs), mainly in introns and intergenic regions.

37 s bind most or all of their strong motifs in intergenic regions.

38 ts, such as promoters, exonic, intronic, and intergenic regions.

39 ns (UTRs), but it is depleted on introns and intergenic regions.

40 ication by investigating its localization to intergenic regions.

41 nannotated genomic segments corresponding to intergenic regions.

42 at are hypomethylated are overrepresented in intergenic regions.

43 an paternally methylated DMRs that reside in intergenic regions.

44 gene density resulting from an expansion of intergenic regions.

45 sequence and structural features located in intergenic regions.

46 statistically significant footprints within intergenic regions.

47 As, tRNAs, snRNAs, transposable elements and intergenic regions.

48 risingly extends to both genic and expansive intergenic regions.

49 ier microsatellite loci located in conserved intergenic regions.

50 hylation are localized to CpG islands within intergenic regions.

51 majority of detected heteroplasmies occur in intergenic regions.

52 -enhancers demonstrated extensive binding at intergenic regions.

53 tion start sites, within gene bodies, and in intergenic regions.

54 moters in gene bodies and non-coding RNAs in intergenic regions.

55 matin accessibility at a large subset of the intergenic regions.

56 trand switch regions, telomeric regions, and intergenic regions.

57 ally targets transposable elements (TEs) and intergenic regions.

58 gnition of DNA photoproducts, prevalently in intergenic regions.

59 ted leader sequences, antisense strands, and intergenic regions.

60 ination bias toward both high GC content and intergenic regions.

61 ncoding RNAs, regulatory elements, and other intergenic regions.

62 dentified signals include two that reside in intergenic regions (1q31.1 and 5p13.1) and three residin

63 strongest is located on chromosome 2, in an intergenic region 35- to 80-kb upstream from the thyroid

64 d and most of these loci were located in the intergenic regions (43%) or gene bodies (33%).

65 at least four potential enhancers located in intergenic regions 50-69 kb downstream of the human CYP2

66 were associated with a highly divergent left intergenic region and C4 gene.

67 SNP rs2858829 lies in an intergenic region and is a strong cis-eQTL for FAM26F ge

68 nscriptional regulation within the yqjH-yqjI intergenic region and suggest a possible model for commu

69 terized hypothetical gene LOC643714, a short intergenic region and the 5' end of TOX3.

70 RH50 binds to transcripts of the 23S-4.5S intergenic region and, in its absence, levels of the cor

71 border regions between domains contain large intergenic regions and a high density of transcription f

72 ng transcriptionally silent chromatin within intergenic regions and at the border of euchromatin and

73 ndicates that Dnmt3a occupies and methylates intergenic regions and gene bodies flanking proximal pro

74 ains why hotspots localize preferentially to intergenic regions and introns.

75 al activity in most non-PcG target genes and intergenic regions and is governed by opposing roaming a

76 we mapped many transcription start sites in intergenic regions and opposite to annotated genes, demo

77 nd observed an enrichment of hotspots in its intergenic regions and repetitive DNA, which is consiste

78 i-cistronic operons with rationally designed intergenic regions and systematically increased upstream

79 rget nontransposable element genes, but also intergenic regions and transposable elements.

80 ccurred throughout the genome, with introns, intergenic regions and transposons being relatively more

81 ption from noncoding regions, including both intergenic regions and, especially, noncoding regions an

82 coding RNA complementary to the 4.5S-5S rRNA intergenic region, and its presence correlated with that

83 Thus, the V(H)-D intergenic region, and likely elements within it, can in

84 odels included SNPs in BCL11A, the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region, and the site of the HBB gene cluster,

85 Gene bodies, intergenic regions, and CpG shores were preferentially d

86 any of the undermethylated sites occurred in intergenic regions, and for most of these sites, we iden

87 f sequence variation in regulatory genes and intergenic regions, and in genes involved in transport,

88 ethylated regions were located in introns or intergenic regions, and postulated these might regulate

89 ores, enriched within gene bodies but not in intergenic regions, and preferentially harbored binding

90 bserve that the genome is more accessible in intergenic regions, and that increased accessibility is

91 The locations of integration favor the intergenic regions, and their distances from the adjacen

92 coding regions and introns when compared to intergenic regions, and these effects are increased in a

93 introns), while being depleted in coding and intergenic regions, and these findings may have biologic

94 he pnp transcript, initiated in the rpsO-pnp intergenic region; and the rpsO transcript all increased

95 (rRNA) processing, many coding sequences and intergenic regions appeared to be direct targets of RNas

96 specific haplotypes located in the CAV1/CAV2 intergenic region are associated with the disease.

97 er through the realization that mutations in intergenic regions are actually within unannotated small

98 ell embryos is highly promiscuous, such that intergenic regions are extensively expressed and thousan

99 ber of genes, together with transcripts from intergenic regions, are up-regulated.

100 evealed massive gene losses and reduction of intergenic regions as factors leading to their drastical

101 uble-strand breaks (DSBs) in the MATa1-MATa2 intergenic region, as we demonstrate both in vivo and in

102 processed forms of both genes linked by the intergenic region, as well as other transcripts in which

103 t may be transcribed: coding, noncoding, and intergenic regions, as well as repetitive elements, telo

104 x 10(-13); effect size = 12%) and a further intergenic region at 6p21.33 (cg06126421, P = 4.96 x 10(

105 in CpG islands (CGIs), with gene bodies and intergenic regions being mostly methylated.

106 renamed McaS, was predicted to reside in an intergenic region between abgR, encoding a transcription

107 One of these, at chromosome 11p13, is an intergenic region between Ets homologous factor (EHF) an

108 ated within a predicted super-enhancer in an intergenic region between HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1, localiz

109 of KaeR at two distinctive sites, one in the intergenic region between LVIS1988 and kaeR (-39 to +2)

110 regions go through substantial changes: the intergenic region between NP and VP35, as well as the fi

111 R binds directly to a specific region in the intergenic region between ohr and ohrR that shares exten

112 located upstream of oppB and one within the intergenic region between oppF and oppA.

113 entified 28 targets of PA2588, including the intergenic region between PA2588 and pqsH, which encodes

114 PecS, which exists as a homodimer, binds the intergenic region between pecS and pecM genes with high

115 transcription by binding to operators in the intergenic region between simR and simX.

116 operators of 2-fold symmetry located in the intergenic region between sknR and yqaF.

117 SMU.1349 protein demonstrated binding to the intergenic region between SMU.1349 and the TnSmu2 operon

118 PecS binds two operator sites in the intergenic region between the divergent pecS gene and pe

119 on at an intrinsic terminator located in the intergenic region between the mccA and mccB genes.

120 Tandem repeats were frequently found in the intergenic region between the prophage at the 3' end and

121 ow that TamR binds with high affinity to the intergenic region between the tamR and tam genes.

122 The intergenic region between the two promoters is complex,

123 ame (locus tag: bglu_2g14480) located in the intergenic region between tofI and tofR was found to be

124 ter plasmid containing both the OriS and the intergenic region between VZV open reading frames (ORFs)

125 ontrol region (LCR), epsilon-globin, and the intergenic regions between gamma-globin and delta-globin

126 The intergenic regions between PA4203 and ppgL and between P

127 has been done to describe the rat Chrnb4/a3 intergenic region, but few studies have examined the hum

128 Four heat shock elements were noted in the intergenic region by in silico analysis.

129 15 GANTC sites, preferentially positioned in intergenic regions, changed progressively from full to h

130 G, NID1, DHRS12, ITPK1, ACSF3, TNFRSF13C and intergenic region chr10p12.31 was replicated in a cohort

131 plates are at different positions within the intergenic region compared to those seen in the intact i

132 The P2-P3 intergenic region comprises the SarA/SarR binding sites

133 Transcription in intergenic regions consistent with the previously define

134 with the Aspergillus ST/AF clusters and its intergenic regions contain 14 putative binding sites for

135 : 1.09 x 10(-6)) in a highly conserved 32 kb intergenic region containing regulatory elements between

136 Single nucleotide polymorphisms in two intergenic regions containing copy number variants on ch

137 The eukaryotic genome has vast intergenic regions containing transposons, pseudogenes,

138 ion in CpG island (CGI) and demethylation in intergenic regions, defined as 'backbone', largely vary

139 assemia deletion, which retains the required intergenic region, deletes other surrounding sequences,

140 Approximately 1500 intergenic regions, displaying low DNA methylation, high

141 letions that shorten the total length of the intergenic region disrupt the ability of YqjI to regulat

142 ion, but few studies have examined the human intergenic region effects on expression; therefore, thes

143 d are more likely to occur in the genic than intergenic regions, especially common in the 5'- and 3'-

144 ta4, Vbeta16, and the Vbeta4/Vbeta16-Vbeta10 intergenic region exhibited constitutive high CpG methyl

145 Many of them are located in intergenic regions far from genes.

146 orphic genes which are separated by a 227 bp intergenic region: first, the secreted form as previousl

147 The upstream intergenic regions for each of four genes encoding Ser/T

148 contains hundreds of V(H)s, separated by an intergenic region from Igh Ds, J(H)s, and constant regio

149 DNAm sites located in intergenic regions had a higher mean DNAm level and were

150 Across five categories of genomic regions, intergenic regions had the highest SNP density and avera

151 Further, we found that GC-rich genes and intergenic regions have higher levels of genetic diversi

152 that control pervasive transcription within intergenic regions have not been well established.

153 trol modules, spread throughout the flanking intergenic region, have regulatory activities that overl

154 s have identified common variants within the intergenic region (HBS1L-MYB) between GTP-binding elonga

155 f somatic mutation across exons, introns and intergenic regions highlights the repertoire of cancer g

156 ociated haplotype blocks are in intronic and intergenic regions, hindering their functional evaluatio

157 ve binding site in the chloroplast atpI-atpH intergenic region (i) blocks both 5'-->3' and 3'--> 5 ex

158 5' and 3' untranslated regions as well as in intergenic regions, identification and validation of tru

159 asmids containing the 255-bp lsrACDBFG-lsrRK intergenic region (IGR) fused to lacZ showed that essent

160 re we document that the arenavirus noncoding intergenic region (IGR) has a high degree of plasticity

161 The intergenic region (IGR) IRES adopts an unusual structure

162 The intergenic region (IGR) IRESs from the Dicistroviridae f

163 proach involved replacement of the noncoding intergenic region (IGR) of the L genome segment with the

164 We have recently shown that the noncoding intergenic region (IGR) present in each arenavirus genom

165 on and a point mutation within the L-segment intergenic region (IGR), and three silent changes in the

166 irus using the previously reported L segment intergenic region (IGR), comprising the arenaviral trans

167 The Dicistroviridae intergenic regions (IGR) have been studied as model IRES

168 Nontranslated intergenic regions (IGRs) compose 10-15% of bacterial ge

169 the most abundant sRNAs transcribed from the intergenic regions (IGRs) of the bacterial genome.

170 ), HDL-cholesterol (PHOSPHO1, SYNGAP1 and an intergenic region in chromosome 2) and triglycerides (MY

171 level of the pnp transcript initiated in the intergenic region in JSE1880, we utilized that transcrip

172 The intergenic regions in bacterial genomes can contain regu

173 (TUCs) along the genomic sequence; (ii) the intergenic regions in front of the first gene of each TU

174 creases in promoter regions and decreases in intergenic regions in pre-iPSCs, then recovers to an int

175 Conservation of these intergenic regions in spatiotemporally separated Trichod

176 overrepresentation of RNAs from introns and intergenic regions in testes of Cstf2t(-/-) mice, and a

177 e longer and more conserved than the average intergenic regions in the corresponding bacterial genome

178 eviously unrecognized transcription units in intergenic regions in the genome of Bacillus subtilis, w

179 t microsatellite mapping found a bias toward intergenic regions in the nonconserved microsatellites a

180 Microsatellite mapping found a bias toward intergenic regions in the nonconserved microsatellites a

181 s significant, considering the large size of intergenic regions in these eukaryotes.

182 ons in the human genome differ from adjacent intergenic regions in transposable element density, cros

183 ed-end Illumina sequencing of ssDNA revealed intergenic regions, including replication origins, as ho

184 of these extension products to the rpsO-pnp intergenic region indicated that all four putative trans

185 The dicistrovirus intergenic region internal ribosome entry site (IRES) ad

186 The dicistrovirus intergenic region internal ribosome entry site (IRES) ut

187 located in 5 untranslated region (uPSS) and intergenic region (iPSS), respectively.

188 ted that the template-switching event during intergenic region (IR) sgmRNA synthesis occurs at the 5'

189 of proposed P site binding domains from two intergenic region IRES RNAs bound to bacterial 70S ribos

190 The viral genes either are separated by intergenic regions (IRs) of variable length or overlap.

191 orders, including short (4- or 5-nucleotide) intergenic regions (IRs), a single long (144-nucleotide)

192 division of two groups were mp and the large intergenic regions (LIR).

193 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an intergenic region located between the oncogenes MYC and

194 and the architecture of the lsrACDBFG-lsrRK intergenic region may control the expression of these op

195 d rs11048230 (P=4.77x10(-8); MAF=0.10) in an intergenic region near RASSF8 (associated with vascular

196 sly mapped deletions, we elucidated a 3.5-kb intergenic region near the 5' end of the delta-globin ge

197 s in the beta-globin locus, we identified an intergenic region near the delta-globin gene that is nec

198 y study putative DNA regulatory sequences in intergenic regions near chloroplast genes in seven plant

199 ly 7,000 RefSeq genes and in gene bodies and intergenic regions (non-TSS).

200 internal ribosome entry site located in the intergenic region of a bicistronic mRNA.

201 .71 x 10(-10), rs16891982), and revealed the intergenic region of BEND7 and PRPF18 as a novel locus a

202 The SNP rs17645023 located in the intergenic region of CACNG4 and CACNG5 was identified to

203 An intergenic region of human chromosome 2 (2p25.3) harbors

204 ts identified binding sites in the phnD-phnF intergenic region of M. smegmatis has allowed us to prop

205 Linc-RAM is transcribed from an intergenic region of myogenic cells and its expression i

206 gle nucleotide polymorphism at the trnL-trnF intergenic region of the chloroplast chromosome was conf

207 Interestingly, the intergenic region of the cluster, which is important for

208 ptional activity identified in the eutT-eutG intergenic region of the E. faecalis eut cluster.

209 Base pairing of the GadY small RNA with the intergenic region of the gadX-gadW mRNA results in direc

210 tides on the stem-loop (SL) structure in the intergenic region of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome

211 ription start site was identified within the intergenic region of the miR-183 cluster, which may regu

212 ong noncoding transcripts (>200 nt) from the intergenic regions of annotated protein-coding genes.

213 mong which more than 1000 are located in the intergenic regions of C. elegans genome.

214 cteristic of BFB; instead PDE9A was fused to intergenic regions of chromosome 21 or to genes on other

215 nine new regulatory leader sequences in the intergenic regions of E. coli.

216 genomes shows many cases of association with intergenic regions of genes with altered expression due

217 The H3K18ac peaks at promoters and intergenic regions of genes with fibroblast-related func

218 amming distance seeds to ncRNA search in the intergenic regions of human and mouse genomes and betwee

219 These psRNAs mapped specifically to intergenic regions of microbial genomes recovered from s

220 rs and enhancers, ultraconserved regions and intergenic regions of protein-coding genes.

221 existence of the H3K9me3 mark mainly within intergenic regions of the genome and identified specific

222 and un-annotated exon boundaries, including intergenic regions of the genome, with high statistical

223 several CpG sites primarily localized in the intergenic regions of the genome.

224 ferentially distributed over gene bodies and intergenic regions of the genome.

225 genomes of the diploid progenitors, but the intergenic regions of the Q/q locus are highly divergent

226 we developed a custom script that can detect intergenic regions of the S. pyogenes genome.

227 c noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) transcribed from intergenic regions of yeast and animal genomes play impo

228 etected and showed that the presence, within intergenic regions, of sigma(70) promoters and sequences

229 Intergenic regions often contain regulatory elements tha

230 t cancer risk is strongly associated with an intergenic region on 11q13.

231 we demonstrate that the HELLP locus is in an intergenic region on 12q23.2 between PMCH and IGF1.

232 gnificant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, P = 5.87 x 10 (

233 nflammatory states, maps to the 5' end of an intergenic region on Chr11p13 that is implicated as a mo

234 Here, we show that polymorphism at a remote intergenic region on chromosome 11q13.3, recently identi

235 6; p = 3.3 x 10(-8)), and rs6718520(A) in an intergenic region on chromosome 2p21, with THADA as the

236 ificance level at less than 5.0 x 10(-8): an intergenic region on chromosome 2q32.3, close to nucleic

237 olymorphisms (SNPs) (r(2)>0.9) located in an intergenic region on chromosome 3q26 were associated wit

238 evidence for association was observed in an intergenic region on chromosome 4 (rs753129; 'AD+PvAD-P'

239 AR*D) or escitalopram (GENDEP) identified an intergenic region on chromosome 5 associated with early

240 d loci (CAV1-CAV2, CDKN2B-AS1, SIX1-SIX6, an intergenic region on chromosome 8q22, ABCA1, GAS7, AFAP1

241 The remaining associated SNPs mapped to intergenic regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 11, and 12.

242 r 44 traits studied are novel and located in intergenic regions or introns of genes.

243 y to a short inverted repeat sequence in the intergenic region overlapping the predicted -10 regions

244 egulatory regions, as well as the intra- and intergenic regions, particularly in the X-chromosome amo

245 regulated loci correspond to transposons and intergenic regions producing 24-nucleotide siRNAs that g

246 We also captured 5'-ends within intergenic regions, providing evidence for the expressio

247 exome sequencing data: reads in introns and intergenic regions, reads in the mitochondrial genome, a

248 ic control region 1 (IGCR1) in the V(H)-to-D intergenic region regulates Igh V(D)J recombination in t

249 RNAs (piRNAs), yet the functions of the vast intergenic regions remain largely unknown.

250 pendent reporter gene cassette located in an intergenic region remained silent, indicating that the t

251 also observe complex epigenomic profiles of intergenic regions, repeated transposable element (TE) s

252 ns resulted in the identification of a small intergenic region required for gamma-globin (fetal hemog

253 onic regions compared to heterochromatic and intergenic regions, respectively, and depletion of MSI a

254 n of a 198-nucleotide sequence into the HN-L intergenic region, resulting in reduced viral gene expre

255 f a 605-bp region within the RPA135-tK(CUU)P intergenic region results in a reduction in the RPA135-I

256 tes (DHSs) spanning the entire upstream IL-3 intergenic region revealed the existence of a complex cl

257 S_NmUC isolates was an IS1301 element in the intergenic region separating the capsule ctr-css operons

258 NA genome, with an 827 nt-long 5' UTR and an intergenic region separating two open reading frames.

259 tribution of several non-B DNA motifs within intergenic regions separating divergently oriented opero

260 BCG1, CPT1A, MYLIP, TXNIP and SLC7A11) and 2 intergenic regions showed differential methylation in as

261 indromic (REP) elements within the yqjH-yqjI intergenic region shows that these sequences are not req

262 ed by RNA polymerase II and map to low-copy, intergenic regions similar to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piR

263 s well as inside Rep and cp and in the short intergenic regions (SIR).

264 tcdR ribosome binding site and the tcdR-tcdB intergenic region, suggesting that a mechanistic basis f

265 tion from its own promoter by binding to the intergenic region, suggesting that SMU.1349 acts as both

266 cted, nucleotide diversity is much higher in intergenic regions than within gene bodies (regions span

267 a 75-bp sequence within the RPA135-tK(CUU)P intergenic region that is involved in the interaction.

268 date control elements, we deleted the 100-kb intergenic region that separates the V(H) and D clusters

269 evising several methods to select subsets of intergenic regions that can concentrate these rare RNA c

270 icular interest is DNA variations located in intergenic regions that comprise regulatory sites for TF

271 genomes and also shows conserved features of intergenic regions that encode sRNAs.

272 To identify a comprehensive set of genes and intergenic regions that impacts fitness in S. elongatus,

273 insertions were located in 51 distinct genes/intergenic regions that must be involved either directly

274 We also found active regions in intergenic regions that upon closer examination were exp

275 and end sites, and when they are located in intergenic regions they are located near regulatory fact

276 icient resolution in the larger intronic and intergenic regions to identify copy number changes.

277 seven SNPs, five of which are located in an intergenic region upstream of the Foxo1 gene.

278 redicted binding sites was located within an intergenic region upstream of tibDBCA.

279 lacZ transcriptional reporter fusions to intergenic regions upstream of genes encoding the T3SS s

280 In EAs, one chromosome 7 intergenic region was genome-wide significant (GWS): rs1

281 Six of these genes and 1 intergenic region were new discoveries showing different

282 All intergenic regions were analyzed by WU-BLAST to examine

283 han 900 validated bacterial sRNAs and 23,000 intergenic regions were analyzed.

284 es in both the vah1-plp and rtxH-rtxB genes' intergenic regions were determined using 5' random ampli

285 DMRs located within intergenic regions were heavily enriched for AP-1 transc

286 noncoding RNAs and transcripts derived from intergenic regions were shown to be NMD responsive.

287 G islands were shown to be in intragenic and intergenic regions, whereas less than 3% of CpG islands

288 4.8 kb miR-183 family cluster, including the intergenic region which contains highly conserved genomi

289 Most of the remaining variants lie in the intergenic region, which exhibits evolutionary conservat

290 We applied this methodology to the HBS1L-MYB intergenic region, which is associated with red-blood-ce

291 results indicate that sRNAs are enriched in intergenic regions, which are longer and more conserved

292 WAS) appear to be located within intronic or intergenic regions, which makes it difficult to interpre

293 CTCF bound predominantly in intergenic regions while RNAPII and MYC preferentially b

294 with a transposon insertion in the upstream intergenic region, while FT2c and FT2d obtained a transp

295 to DNA from both the penR-gapN and penM-penH intergenic regions, while PntR bound only the correspond

296 Stringtie was then performed to identify the intergenic regions whose expression was influenced by th

297 nd purified OhrR interacts with the ohr-ohrR intergenic region with a greater affinity and this inter

298 We show that XdhR binds the xdhABC-xdhR intergenic region with high affinity (Kd approximately 0

299 These loci are mostly in intergenic regions with dense DNA methylation.

300 Intergenic regions within the unique long 52 gene (UL52;