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2 a limits thymocyte emigration, leading to an intrathymic accumulation of mature thymocytes within med
5 opoiesis of aged mice improved with a single intrathymic administration of low-dose keratinocyte grow
13 rradiated Ly 5 congenic mice by quantitative intrathymic and intravenous bone marrow (BM) adoptive tr
16 thymocyte depletion was occurring through an intrathymic apoptosis mechanism, also prevented by admin
21 of T-cell development and the appearance of intrathymic B cells, phenotypes consistent with Notch1 i
23 vations demonstrate a specific inhibition of intrathymic B lymphopoiesis, which in turn may explain w
27 ) as their sole antigenic disparity and that intrathymic but not i.v. inoculation of TS1 mice with S1
28 s also been implicated in the development of intrathymic, but not extrathymic, intestinal intraepithe
31 c transcription factor Thpok is required for intrathymic CD4(+) T cell differentiation and, together
32 CD40L, with analysis of distinct subsets of intrathymic CD4(+) T cells revealing a differential cont
35 antigen presentation and the coordination of intrathymic cell migration: for example, major histocomp
37 only marker on emigrants not found on either intrathymic cells or mature spleen T cells was CTLA-4, w
38 cellular expansion to ensure that sufficient intrathymic cellular niches are available to support the
40 ance of regulatory mechanisms in addition to intrathymic clonal deletion for the maintenance of toler
41 ion declines, and is most likely mediated by intrathymic clonal deletion of T cells that recognize an
44 nt on the functional outcomes imposed by the intrathymic constraints of differentiation and self-tole
47 hymocytes, but it is subsequent signaling by intrathymic cytokines that specifies CD8 lineage choice
48 d the development of autoreactive T cells by intrathymic deletion and protected the mice from the dev
49 h the avidity of the interaction involved in intrathymic deletion is significantly lower than that in
50 transplantation antigens is achieved through intrathymic deletion of donor-reactive T cells in mixed
52 efects after Ag exposure in the induction of intrathymic deletion of immature CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes, i
54 d by a xenogeneic MHC, as well as incomplete intrathymic deletion of thymocytes recognizing host tiss
58 donor-specific tolerance is due mainly to an intrathymic deletional mechanism in these mixed chimeras
59 thymocytopoiesis is accompanied by a wave of intrathymic dendritic cell formation, these coordinated
60 ce by regulating the frequency and makeup of intrathymic dendritic cells (DCs) required for effective
61 ially, we examined whether AHR activation in intrathymic dendritic cells could mediate TCDD-induced t
62 he enhanced reconstitution capacity of these intrathymic-derived ETPs was corroborated by their signi
64 transcription factors, is essential for the intrathymic development of CD4+ T cells and for the diff
66 sly unknown function of costimulation in the intrathymic development of iNKT cells, distinct from tha
68 MHC class II interaction(s) required for the intrathymic development of long-lived CD4(+) SP cells oc
73 a mystery, particularly given the rigors of intrathymic developmental checkpoints, successfully trav
76 ased overall thymic cellularity and impaired intrathymic differentiation at the CD4(-)CD8(-)CD44(+)CD
77 he signal pathways that activate them during intrathymic differentiation from pluripotent precursors.
78 on factors GATA-3 and ThPOK are required for intrathymic differentiation of CD4(+) T cells, but their
79 ly received much attention, but the earliest intrathymic differentiation steps in adult mice have rem
84 total lymphoid irradiation and perithymic or intrathymic donor-specific BM induced tolerance to renal
86 d examines why autoantibodies after a single intrathymic drug injection were much more limited in iso
87 anscription in vivo reduced the frequency of intrathymic early T cell progenitors (ETP), but not CTP,
88 ive, c-kit high progenitor cells differ from intrathymic early T cell progenitors (ETPs) by functiona
90 , but exerts its influence on the subsequent intrathymic expansion and differentiation of iNKT cells.
91 ZF-deficient NKT cells failed to undergo the intrathymic expansion and effector differentiation that
92 dependent, active regulatory mechanism after intrathymic exposure to donor-specific alloantigen and d
93 e show that LTbetaR differentially regulates intrathymic expression of adhesion molecules known to pl
97 -deficient (Tnfrsf11b(-/-)) mice impacts the intrathymic Foxp3(+) Treg pool by enhancing peripheral T
100 c medulla plays an important role during the intrathymic generation of distinct alphabetaT-cell subty
101 atal periods, the medulla is involved in the intrathymic generation of multiple alphabetaT cell linea
102 use models that GVHD results in depletion of intrathymic group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) necess
104 us in this model, we examined the effects of intrathymic (i.t.) injection of P5-primed alloreactive T
106 nitial studies we demonstrated that abundant intrathymic IL-12 synthesis occurs during OVA peptide-in
107 mice, and it is hypothesized that decreased intrathymic IL-7 is involved in age-related thymic invol
109 KGF treatment caused increased production of intrathymic IL-7, and the thymopoietic effects of KGF re
111 B7 T-cell co-stimulation in conjunction with intrathymic immunomodulation on cellular and humoral imm
112 gen, RT.1Aa, we previously demonstrated that intrathymic immunomodulation with donor antigens resulte
115 after systemic administration of CTLA4Ig and intrathymic infusion of donor alloantigen, respectively.
117 lf-antigen, whereas increasing CS content by intrathymic injection inhibited thymic selection, indica
119 protein tyrosine kinase, ZAP-70, with direct intrathymic injection of a ZAP-70-expressing T cell-spec
121 This hypothesis is based on the finding that intrathymic injection of allopeptides in the adult anima
122 1a) donors were pretreated (day -14) with an intrathymic injection of alpha(1h)l58-80-RT1.Aa, alpha(1
123 wk-old mice developed thymic chimerism after intrathymic injection of BM cells, and that the levels o
126 of T cells to alloantigen can be induced by intrathymic injection of donor-specific antigen in small
127 estine, a pattern of migration visualized by intrathymic injection of FITC and subsequent accrual of
132 T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity following intrathymic injection of progenitor cells harboring a tr
134 ins, and NK1.1(+) cells can be obtained upon intrathymic injection of sorted PLZF(+) cells, thus indi
141 Collectively, our findings demonstrate that intrathymic iNKT cell development requires stepwise inte
144 nor-specific unresponsiveness created by the intrathymic inoculation of donor alloantigen to effectiv
146 imed thymic DCs isolated from ACI rats given intrathymic inoculation of P5 for 2 days were capable of
148 d reliably in experimental animals following intrathymic inoculation with the relevant donor strain A
149 of studies, we showed that intravenous-like intrathymic-inoculation of in vitro P5-pulsed host myelo
150 ss of thymic ILC3s resulted in deficiency of intrathymic interleukin-22 (IL-22) compared with transpl
151 KGF induced increased numbers of TECs and intrathymic interleukin-7 (IL-7) production and reorgani
152 ted in rodents, and more significantly, such intrathymic islet allografts have been shown to induce r
154 nine thymus and establish the feasibility of intrathymic islet transplantation in a phylogenetically
156 parenchymal fibrosis; isograft controls and intrathymic (IT) animals failed to develop this lesion.
158 e this hypothesis, we studied the effects of intrathymic (IT) injection of a single immunodominant Wi
160 is supported by our most recent finding that intrathymic (IT) inoculation of nonimmunogenic synthetic
165 Importantly, FGF21 overexpression reduced intrathymic lipid, increased perithymic brown adipose ti
167 inguished by their TCR-signaling pattern and intrathymic location and provide a framework for underst
169 re CD8(lo)CD4(hi) cells could complete their intrathymic maturation and populate the peripheral lymph
171 n of the mouse gimap5 gene impairs the final intrathymic maturation of CD8 and CD4 T cells and compro
173 d, the premature TCR alpha beta contact with intrathymic MHC molecules further pronounces the block i
174 e phenotypic changes, calcium signaling, and intrathymic migration in a synchronized cohort of MHC cl
177 tional knockout mice do not have a defect in intrathymic migration, thymic egress, T cell survival, o
178 e 6th fraction permitted perithymic (n=4) or intrathymic (n=4) injection of donor bone marrow (BM) or
179 es of autoeffector T cells that have escaped intrathymic negative selection for self-MHC class II Ag
180 Despite the demonstration of functional intrathymic negative selection in I-A(12%) mice, transfe
183 lobes; gate opening occurred only after most intrathymic niches for prothymocytes had emptied; and th
184 iment as being the result of competition for intrathymic niches specifically supporting the DN3 stage
185 by the thymus; 3) competitive antagonism for intrathymic niches; 4) temporally linked generation of t
187 nown NKT regulators, CYLD is dispensable for intrathymic NKT cell maturation but is obligatory for th
190 that chromatin-reactive T cells produced by intrathymic PAHA created a B cell population primed to s
192 anti-chromatin Abs developed after a single intrathymic PAHA injection in Fas-deficient C57BL/6-lpr/
193 milarly primed T cells or of B cells without intrathymic PAHA injection of the recipient failed to pr
194 tion after receiving splenic B cells from an intrathymic PAHA-injected syngeneic donor also developed
198 tiated NZB T cell precursors included in the intrathymic pool of CD4(-)CD8(-) cells also exhibited no
199 rrow-derived progenitors to reconstitute the intrathymic pool, these processes facilitate continuous
201 CXCR4 is dispensable for the maintenance and intrathymic positioning of CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes, and
203 ce self-peptides play a critical role in the intrathymic positive selection of the mature TCR reperto
204 a consequence of the peptide specificity of intrathymic positive selection, mice transgenic for a re
205 These observations suggest that, similar to intrathymic positive selection, the maintenance of the m
209 ion of newly formed T cells does not require intrathymic preactivation, is cell-intrinsic, and correl
211 ors constraining new progenitor recruitment, intrathymic precursor expansion, and thymus size remain
218 intrathymic donor cells was associated with intrathymic presence of cells resembling long-term hemat
219 se chain reaction analyses demonstrated that intrathymic production of IL-7 was significantly decreas
220 ipotent progenitors (MPPs), and the earliest intrathymic progenitor (DN1), using 2 in vitro assays an
221 ly in the CD4(-)CD8(-)CD3(-) triple-negative intrathymic progenitor cell population 24 h after exposu
224 with reduced progenitor input to the thymus, intrathymic progenitor niches remain unsaturated for at
225 ing experiments using RNA isolated from four intrathymic progenitor populations in which the AHR was
226 e, we study the subpopulation of early human intrathymic progenitors expressing the type IA BMP recep
227 ch1 and Notch3 are coexpressed on some early intrathymic progenitors, the relatively mild phenotype s
228 e compelling evidence that c-Myc mediates an intrathymic proliferation wave immediately after agonist
229 t NKT cells all underwent a phase of intense intrathymic proliferation, whereas adaptive CD4(+) and C
231 on of the cortex for about the first 10 d of intrathymic residence; this region virtually overlaps th
232 he CXCR4-mediated chemorepellent activity of intrathymic SDF-1 contributes to SP thymocyte egress fro
233 the alphabeta fate upon separation from the intrathymic selecting environment, those that express CD
234 nce between these two lineages occurs during intrathymic selection and is thought to be irreversible
235 sary for T cell function is a consequence of intrathymic selection during which T cell antigen recept
236 changes in CXCR4 expression as a marker for intrathymic selection events, and show its role in T-cel
237 s that a reciprocal loss-and-gain pattern of intrathymic selection exists between H-2Kb and H-2Kbm8.
242 nue to express Fezf2 and Aire, regulators of intrathymic self-antigens, and support T-reg development
245 tudy identifies costimulation by CD28 as the intrathymic signal required for clonal deletion and iden
246 TCR on DP thymocytes appears to result from intrathymic signaling, as in vitro culture of these cell
247 ate into CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in response to intrathymic signals that extinguish transcription of the
248 tes is important for self-tolerance, but the intrathymic signals that induce clonal deletion have not
249 tenin expression is stringently regulated by intrathymic signals, it is expressed at the highest leve
252 and influences the balance of early and late intrathymic stages of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cell develop
253 up-regulated between the first two stages of intrathymic T cell development (double negative 1 and do
254 se data suggest a role for CD7 in regulating intrathymic T cell development and in mediating CTL effe
255 ecause thymocytes are seemingly short-lived, intrathymic T cell development depends on continuous imp
257 hymocytes, the possible role of CD205 during intrathymic T cell development has not been studied.
260 ur data identify novel roles for CCR7 during intrathymic T cell development, highlighting its importa
264 s, there is a severe block in all aspects of intrathymic T cell maturation, although both positive an
267 genes that are specifically up-regulated in intrathymic T cell precursors as compared with myeloid p
268 pose that intrinsic developmental defects in intrathymic T cell precursors do not contribute to age-r
271 e influence of MHC molecules, key drivers of intrathymic T cell selection and naive peripheral T cell
273 ell receptor (TCR) signals are essential for intrathymic T cell-positive selection, it remains contro
274 elopmental steps linking multipotent HSCs to intrathymic T lineage-committed progenitors is important
277 (extrachromosomal DNA circles formed during intrathymic T-cell development) to assess thymus-depende
278 hematopoietic system, HH signaling regulates intrathymic T-cell development, and it is one of the sur
282 ages, including T cells, but its function in intrathymic T-cell precursors has been poorly defined.
283 T-cell progenitors (ETPs), the most immature intrathymic T-cell precursors, harvested from the involu
286 Double-positive (DP) thymocytes respond to intrathymic T-cell receptor (TCR) signals by undergoing
287 ency in hematopoietic cells earlier than the intrathymic T-progenitor cell stage, despite the depleti
289 leading to permanent marrow engraftment and intrathymic tolerization of T cells that develop subsequ
290 -specific generation of Foxp3(+) cells using intrathymic transfer of TCR-transgenic thymocytes expres
297 on of specific unresponsiveness secondary to intrathymic transplantation will not be impaired or limi
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