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1 s a unique interaction between Lys53 and the isoalloxazine.
2 are adjacent to the quininoidal edge of the isoalloxazine.
3 alysis via a number of different mechanisms, isoalloxazine analogues are valuable for mechanistic stu
4 configuration of the FAD cofactor, where the isoalloxazine and adenine rings are nearly in vdW contac
5 that the unique relative orientation of the isoalloxazine and adenine rings may have resulted from t
6 nalogue binds against the si face of the FAD isoalloxazine and is protected from bulk solvent by heli
7 s stacked parallel to the si face of the FAD isoalloxazine and positions the sulfenyl oxygen atom onl
8 P)H binds with the nicotinamide near the FAD isoalloxazine and the ADP moiety extending toward the mo
9 interactions between coplanar nicotinamide, isoalloxazine, and Phe309 rings; (ii) rearrangement of m
10 in substrate binding is the movement of the isoalloxazine between an "in" conformation and a more ex
12 , between coenzyme analog, NAD(P)H4, and the isoalloxazine center in the model flavoenzymes morphinon
13 in the pyrazine and pyrimidine rings of the isoalloxazine core of the cofactor from readily availabl
14 ncluding 20 degrees butterfly bending of the isoalloxazine, crankshaft rotation of the ribityl, shift
15 e pathway for molecular oxygen to access the isoalloxazine group for the oxidative half reaction.
17 annealing step was necessary to perfect the isoalloxazine helix and expel the C60 moiety away from t
18 i-pi overlap between the graphene sidewalls, isoalloxazine helix, and the C60 cage that facilitates S
20 terface which enable specific binding of the isoalloxazine heterocycle of riboflavin and its two cofa
21 sulfate (SDS) overcomes this strong nanotube/isoalloxazine interaction and restores the FMN into exte
22 atural substrate is bound to the enzyme, the isoalloxazine is in the correct position (the "in" confo
24 number of spectral features associated with isoalloxazine modes in this pH range are evidence for a
25 reactant, the rings of the nicotinamide and isoalloxazine moieties are stacked roughly parallel to e
26 onalized flavin (FC60), composed of PCBM and isoalloxazine moieties attached on either ends of a line
28 avodoxins catalyze redox reactions using the isoalloxazine moiety of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
30 OH) is described that contains the tricyclic isoalloxazine moiety, the C-4a-hydroperoxide functionali
33 likely reflects the interaction between the isoalloxazine N1 of the orotate-reducing flavin and Lys
34 of the oxidized cofactor can be observed, an isoalloxazine N5-iminium adduct and a N5 secondary ketim
35 aptamers recognize with high specificity the isoalloxazine nucleus of FAD but do not distinguish FAD
36 droxybenzoate (2,4-diOHB) indicated that the isoalloxazine of the artificial flavin adopts the more s
38 showed that reduction of FAD occurs when the isoalloxazine of the FAD moves to the surface of the pro
39 s of reduction of the enzyme require (a) the isoalloxazine of the flavin be held by the protein in a
43 cofactor, including a 22 degrees bend of the isoalloxazine ring along the N(5)-N(10) axis, crankshaft
44 ich makes van der Waals contact with the FAD isoalloxazine ring and also hydrogen-bonds to the ribity
45 n bonding and pi-pi interactions between the isoalloxazine ring and either the nicotinamide ring or T
46 The FMN is bound with hydrogen bonds to the isoalloxazine ring and electrostatic interactions with t
47 trix shield the reactive C4a position of the isoalloxazine ring and force the tricycle into an atypic
48 significant overlap between the intercalated isoalloxazine ring and its adjacent base-triple platform
49 gen bond is formed between the N5 of the FAD isoalloxazine ring and the hydroxyl side chain of alpha
50 owing that the environments for the flavin's isoalloxazine ring are not identical in the two phases.
53 owever, the FADH- structure reveals that the isoalloxazine ring buckles in the opposite sense, this a
54 y bound to RNA through interactions with the isoalloxazine ring chromophore and direct and Mg(2+)-med
57 elix and to the active-site entrance; an FAD isoalloxazine ring exposed to solvent; and a large and a
59 r-401 and Phe-485 in phiLOV sandwich the FMN isoalloxazine ring from both sides, whereas Ser-390 anch
62 ent and placement with respect to the flavin isoalloxazine ring in the active site of rhNQO1; a quali
66 In this model, the binding of the flavin isoalloxazine ring is dependent on the presence of a pho
69 Its His-289 residue in the re-side of the isoalloxazine ring is within hydrogen bonding distance w
70 The spectra consist of a rich assortment of isoalloxazine ring modes whose normal mode origin can be
71 gen at C6 of DHO is transferred to N5 of the isoalloxazine ring of an enzyme-bound FMN prosthetic gro
72 isting of the substrate (cyclohexanone), the isoalloxazine ring of C4a-peroxyflavin, the side chain o
73 residue in the FNR module of NOS shields the isoalloxazine ring of FAD and is known to regulate NADPH
74 e at reaction distance to the N5 atom of the isoalloxazine ring of FAD and the hydroxyl group of Tyr(
75 droxyl group of serine or threonine with the isoalloxazine ring of FAD and with the amino acids in it
77 de ring of NADPH, which is juxtaposed to the isoalloxazine ring of FAD to facilitate hydride transfer
78 t that is in contact with the re face of the isoalloxazine ring of FAD when the structure of PchF is
79 oned directly above and in parallel with the isoalloxazine ring of FAD, and mass spectrometry extende
80 zolyl ring of 3FMTDZ was positioned over the isoalloxazine ring of FAD, whereas that of HETDZ had the
81 charge and 4-5 masculine bend in the reduced isoalloxazine ring of FAD, which resulted in a new mode
86 difference in active site residues near the isoalloxazine ring of FAD: Val402 in EcPutA is substitut
87 active site and would appear to require the isoalloxazine ring of FADH- to buckle in a particular wa
88 stabilizes developing negative charge on the isoalloxazine ring of flavin mononucleotide during hydri
89 a base-triple on complex formation with the isoalloxazine ring of FMN intercalating into the helix b
90 rogen bonding of the uracil like edge of the isoalloxazine ring of FMN to the Hoogsteen edge of an ad
92 the peptide Gly57-Asp58, in a bend near the isoalloxazine ring of FMN, is correlated with the oxidat
96 irpin conformation and is wedged between the isoalloxazine ring of the FAD and the side chain of Phe2
97 beta bond of the thioester substrate and the isoalloxazine ring of the FAD are located, is larger in
99 tion of FADH(-) in photolyases, in which the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin and the adenine are in
101 jority of the critical interactions with the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) co
102 in favorable pi-sigma interactions with the isoalloxazine ring of the flavin to help stabilize forma
106 relative position of a peptide loop and the isoalloxazine ring of the FMN is slightly different in t
108 es flank the flavin, which is bound with its isoalloxazine ring perpendicular to a five-stranded beta
109 cated in the antigen-combining site with its isoalloxazine ring stacked between the parallel aromatic
110 hat the spin density distribution within the isoalloxazine ring system depends critically on the natu
111 te hydroxylase (PHBH) have revealed that the isoalloxazine ring system of FAD is capable of adopting
115 ble loop (loop III) above the si-face of the isoalloxazine ring that changes position depending on th
116 antiomer cannot approach close enough to the isoalloxazine ring to form a flavin adduct, but can be f
118 either adduct formation or reduction of the isoalloxazine ring to the neutral semiquinone, both of w
121 dithiol substrates of these oxidases to the isoalloxazine ring where the reaction with molecular oxy
122 amide moiety of NADP(+) lies against the FAD isoalloxazine ring with a tilt of approximately 30 degre
124 yl of the ribityl chain of FAD and N1 of the isoalloxazine ring, and between alpha H286 and the C2-ca
125 evere (35 degrees ) butterfly bending of the isoalloxazine ring, and disruption of an electrostatic n
126 hat stacks against the si-face of the flavin isoalloxazine ring, and P92, the second residue in the m
127 the methyl group of Thr-394 "crowds" the FMN isoalloxazine ring, Leu-470 triggers side chain "flippin
128 alpha H286 and the C2-carbonyl oxygen of the isoalloxazine ring, may play a role in the stabilization
129 the plane of the FMN via pi-overlap with the isoalloxazine ring, penetrating deep into the groove, wi
130 ension concurrent with a 5 A movement of the isoalloxazine ring, positioning the flavin ring adjacent
131 ing into the sulfur-reducing side of the FAD isoalloxazine ring, suggesting how this enzyme class may
133 vement of the side chain of Trp60 out of the isoalloxazine ring-binding site and other associated con
148 conformational changes are apparent for the isoalloxazine ring; the three-ring system exhibits more
149 -FPR place their respective nicotinamide and isoalloxazine rings 15 A apart and separated by residues
154 d be necessary to place the nicotinamide and isoalloxazine rings parallel and adjacent to one another
155 based on the interaction of the adenine and isoalloxazine rings that can be tailored by the "solvati
157 stacked isoalloxazine rings and nicotinamide/isoalloxazine rings were at a proper distance for hydrid
158 ide (FMN) and apo-flavodoxin is dominated by isoalloxazine-stacking interactions and 5'-phosphate hyd
159 S-C1(=O)-C2 plane of the substrate with the isoalloxazine substantially alter rates of the reductive
160 te to provide multiple interactions with the isoalloxazine system of FMN that are usually provided by
161 ove into position to form a complex with the isoalloxazine that is competent for hydride transfer and
162 to the stretch of the 4C&dbd;O group of the isoalloxazine; the relatively narrow profile of this fea
163 actopyranose binds at the re face of the FAD isoalloxazine with the anomeric carbon atom poised for n
164 early parallel to the middle ring of the FAD isoalloxazine, with the inhibitor C5 atom 3.3 A from the
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