ライフサイエンスコーパス: isoprene

1 ystyrenes of different lengths and I is poly(isoprene).

2 genotypes emitting (IE) and nonemitting (NE) isoprene.

3 to the production of significant amounts of isoprene.

4 ethylallyl-diphosphate (DMAPP) precursors of isoprene.

5 eration gas-phase photooxidation products of isoprene.

6 compounds (LVOC), produced from oxidation of isoprene 4-hydroxy-3-hydroperoxide (4,3-ISOPOOH) under l

7 ontributor is enhanced emissions of biogenic isoprene, a major ozone precursor, from water-stressed p

8 Isoprene, a volatile organic compound produced by some p

9 over the course of malaria: carbon dioxide, isoprene, acetone, benzene, cyclohexanone, and 4 thioeth

10 soprene-emitting forest (St. Louis, MO) that isoprene actually peaks at night; ambient levels then en

11 duction in SOx emissions effectively reduces isoprene aerosol, while a similar reduction in NOx leads

12 reduction in NOx leads to small increases in isoprene aerosol.

13 observed for propane, cyclohexane, benzene, isoprene, aerosol particle mass, and ozone for concentra

14 bscisic acid (ABA) and isoprene; and whether isoprene affected foliar reactive oxygen species (ROS) a

15 osensitized production of SOA from limonene, isoprene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and toluene by (3)I

16 om direct reactions of (3)IC* with limonene, isoprene, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, and toluene, and an

17 ermediate) stimulated emissions of [(13)C1-5]isoprene and (13)CO2, supporting the possibility that ph

18 f photosynthetic carbon partitioning between isoprene and biomass in Synechocystis.

19 ore active photochemistry, enhanced biogenic isoprene and fire emissions, an extension of the ozone s

20 llyl diphosphate (DMADP), the precursors for isoprene and higher isoprenoids.

21 st probably to compensate for the absence of isoprene and its antioxidant properties.

22 ethod for the regioselective arylboration of isoprene and its derivatives is presented.

23 Isoprene and monoterpene-derived organosulfates and olig

24 -phase partitioning of organic nitrates from isoprene and monoterpenes with a focus on the Southeast

25 tional species derived from the oxidation of isoprene and monoterpenes.

26 l and methylglyoxal produced by oxidation of isoprene and other major volatile organic compounds (VOC

27 Isoprene and other volatile organic compounds emitted fr

28 complexes toward the Diels-Alder substrates isoprene and phenylacetylene were probed in gas-phase io

29 olled environmental factors and manipulating isoprene and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by

30 ning the proposed molecular dialogue between isoprene and the free radical NO Proteins belonging to t

31 octurnal chemistry controls the fate of that isoprene and the likelihood of a high-ozone episode the

32 t implications for modeling SOA derived from isoprene, and for mechanistic interpretations of molecul

33 Each of the isoprene- and monoterpenes-derived groups exhibited a st

34 induced phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) and isoprene; and whether isoprene affected foliar reactive

35 e mechanisms of abiotic stress mitigation by isoprene are still under debate.

36 ng fruitlets, allowing for identification of isoprene as an early marker of abscission induction.

37 epresentative isolates, capable of growth on isoprene as sole carbon and energy source, were obtained

38 droperoxyl (HO2) SOA formation pathways from isoprene at a forested site in California.

39 mpositionally asymmetric low molar mass poly(isoprene)-b-poly(lactide) diblock copolymers reveal an e

40 te (DDQC) in a sphere (micelle) forming poly(isoprene-b-lactide) (IL) diblock copolymer melt, investi

41 ated the experiments reported here on a poly(isoprene-b-lactide) diblock copolymer melt.

42 rove the way that SOA has been attributed to isoprene based on ambient tracer measurements, and lead

43 been intensively studied, we know little of isoprene biodegradation.

44 hesizing leaves based on the hypothesis that isoprene biosynthesis depends on a balance between the s

45 fatty acids is reduced in chloroplasts when isoprene biosynthesis is blocked.

46 Suppression of isoprene biosynthesis led to significant rearrangement o

47 Isoprene biosynthesis was by far (99%) the main carbon s

48 ing relieved from the large carbon demand of isoprene biosynthesis, NE plants redirected only approxi

49 Poly(isoprene-block-styrene-block-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl me

50 he U.S. is atmospheric oxidation of biogenic isoprene, but the corresponding HCHO yield decreases as

51 Greater than 6 wt %C emitted as isoprene by the forest was returned by dry deposition of

52 icroorganisms the property of photosynthetic isoprene (C(5)H(8)) hydrocarbons production.

53 chain polyisoprenoids, all with five or more isoprene (C5) units.

54 ) , a(3) Piu ), with 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene; C5 H8 ; X(1) A') accessing the triplet and sin

55 that entail the combination of butadiene or isoprene (common feedstock), an enoate (prepared in one

56 Terpenoid volatiles are isoprene compounds that are emitted by plants to communi

57 o be even higher as the model underestimates isoprene concentrations over urban forests and parks by

58 ~1 ng m(-3)) under cooler conditions (lower isoprene concentrations) and much higher IEPOX-OS (~20 n

59 E production under warmer conditions (higher isoprene concentrations) resulting in lower formation of

60 005 ng m(-3)) at higher temperatures (higher isoprene concentrations).

61 of breath-to-breath variations of VOC (e.g. isoprene) concentrations.

62 derived from the photochemical oxidation of isoprene contributes a substantial mass fraction to atmo

63 The atmospheric pathways by which isoprene converts to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and

64 The potential for isoprene degradation in marine and estuarine samples fro

65 This study is the first to identify active isoprene degraders in estuarine and marine environments

66 Here, we report the genome of an isoprene degrading isolate, Rhodococcus sp. AD45, and, u

67 nts using DNA-SIP and to characterise marine isoprene-degrading bacteria at the physiological and mol

68 ) C-labelled isoprene, identified the active isoprene-degrading bacteria in soil.

69 of the biogeography and molecular ecology of isoprene-degrading bacteria.

70 Here, we report the isolation of two isoprene-degrading strains from the terrestrial environm

71 ned from marine and estuarine locations, and isoprene-degrading strains of Gordonia and Mycobacterium

72 This study identifies novel isoprene-degrading strains using both culture-dependent

73 e focus on the volatility and composition of isoprene derived organic aerosol tracers and of the bulk

74 The reactive uptake of isoprene-derived epoxydiols (IEPOX) is thought to be a s

75 MS spectra resolved the organic aerosol into isoprene-derived OA (Isop_OA), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA)

76 Above 80% of isoprene-derived OA is water-soluble and its water-solub

77 has been shown to be the dominant source of isoprene-derived secondary organic aerosol (SOA).

78 We show that isoprene-derived SOA is directly mediated by the abundan

79 The mechanism by which isoprene-derived SOA is formed and the influence of envi

80 Isoprene-derived SOA tends to suppress atmospheric new p

81 ys allow for explicit predictions of two key isoprene-derived species, 2-methyltetrols and 2-methylgl

82 ntinuum from DMS-dominated reef producers to isoprene-dominated mangroves.

83 Isoprene dominates global non-methane volatile organic c

84 e of the often positive relationship between isoprene emission and ozone formation, there is a positi

85 y to photosynthesis, but CO2 dependencies of isoprene emission and photosynthesis are profoundly diff

86 an analysis of the canopy-scale dynamics of isoprene emission and photosynthetic performance under m

87 e, urban trees experienced relatively higher isoprene emission at high CO2 concentrations, while isop

88 A kinetic method based on dark release of isoprene emission at the expense of substrate pools accu

89 We present a unifying model for isoprene emission by photosynthesizing leaves based on t

90 ns) with either wild-type or RNAi-suppressed isoprene emission capacity grown at pre-industrial low,

91 elevational gradient in the Amazonian forest isoprene emission capacity is determined by plant specie

92 hen the rate of photosynthesis increases but isoprene emission decreases.

93 n relative to well-watered controls, despite isoprene emission decreasing before leaf wilting.

94 ifferent, with photosynthesis increasing and isoprene emission decreasing with increasing CO2 concent

95 Isoprene emission did not affect whole-plant water use,

96 Here we present the isoprene emission estimates from aircraft eddy covarianc

97 her widely used models, with measurements of isoprene emission from leaves of Populus nigra and hybri

98 We found that the classical uncoupling of isoprene emission from net photosynthesis at elevated le

99 chemodiversity is a challenge for estimating isoprene emission from tropical forests.

100 on photosynthesis, but unexpectedly, higher isoprene emission from urban trees was not associated wi

101 he oscillations in net assimilation rate and isoprene emission in feedback-inhibited leaves were in t

102 owth suggest that the beneficial function of isoprene emission in poplar might be of minor importance

103 n this study, we measured photosynthesis and isoprene emission in trees along an urban-rural gradient

104 4% more biomass under drought, implying that isoprene emission incurred a yield penalty.

105 Isoprene emission is an important mechanism for improvin

106 These results suggest that isoprene emission may be less beneficial in urban, and p

107 Leaf-level gas exchange and basal isoprene emission of post oak (Quercus stellata) and swe

108 nalysis indicated a daily positive effect of isoprene emission on photosynthesis, but unexpectedly, h

109 o evaluate the proposed beneficial effect of isoprene emission on plant stress mitigation and recover

110 Although isoprene emission protected the photosynthetic apparatus

111 We conclude that the oscillations in isoprene emission provide direct experimental evidence d

112 osynthesis further indicated that changes in isoprene emission rate in control and malate-inhibited l

113 reveal strong correlations between observed isoprene emission rates and terrain elevations, which ar

114 We report isoprene emission rates that are three times higher than

115 Isoprene emission rates vary over several orders of magn

116 tion, photosynthetic electron transport, and isoprene emission rates, but DOA feeding did not affect

117 evidence demonstrating that the response of isoprene emission to changes in ambient gas concentratio

118 tabolite availability alters the response of isoprene emission to changes in atmospheric composition.

119 ate and DOA did not alter the sensitivity of isoprene emission to high CO2 concentration.

120 tabacum) plants, to examine: the response of isoprene emission to plant water deficit; a possible rel

121 distributions and can substantially explain isoprene emission variability in tropical forests, and u

122 Malate inhibition of isoprene emission was associated with enhanced chloropla

123 e emission at high CO2 concentrations, while isoprene emission was suppressed at the other sites.

124 e levels, oscillations in photosynthesis and isoprene emission were repeatedly induced by rapid envir

125 lained decrease in the quantum efficiency of isoprene emission with increasing C(a).

126 al conductance and photosynthesis and higher isoprene emission, at the urban and suburban sites compa

127 plast reductive status and, thereby, affects isoprene emission, but they do not support the hypothesi

128 We studied isoprene emission, net assimilation rate, and chlorophyl

129 mask the effects of oscillatory dynamics on isoprene emission, the size of the DMADP pool was experi

130 ay reduce the beneficial effects of biogenic isoprene emission, with implications for species competi

131 rride the suppressive effects of high CO2 on isoprene emission.

132 xes compared with NE leaves with almost zero isoprene emission.

133 tions that have the strongest influence over isoprene emission.

134 blishing improved mechanistic predictions of isoprene emissions and primary carbon metabolism, partic

135 milar correlations between satellite-derived isoprene emissions and terrain elevations.

136 ential to improve process-based modelling of isoprene emissions by land vegetation at the ecosystem a

137 use relationships between biomass yield and isoprene emissions derived from experimental data for 29

138 Isoprene emissions from poplar (Populus spp.) plantation

139 Plant isoprene emissions respond to light and temperature simi

140 Our model reproduces the observed changes in isoprene emissions with C(i) and PPFD, and also reproduc

141 patterns of model sensitivities, with NO and isoprene emissions, NO2 photolysis, ozone BCs, and depos

142 rometer data collected in areas dominated by isoprene emissions, suggesting that the non-IEPOX pathwa

143 oductivity and carbon stock and to increased isoprene emissions, which result from enhanced dominance

144 specially in urban areas heavily impacted by isoprene emissions.

145 consequences for future climate warming, as isoprene emitted from vegetation has strong effects on g

146 Isoprene, emitted largely from plants, comprises one thi

147 rent CO2 and O2 concentrations in the strong isoprene emitter hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus

148 and diethyl oxalacetate (DOA) in the strong isoprene emitter hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus

149 membranes and chloroplast ultrastructure in isoprene-emitting (IE) and nonisoprene-emitting (NE) pop

150 ng the biological function(s) of isoprene in isoprene-emitting (IE) species for two decades.

151 NO) and the S-nitroso-proteome of IE and non-isoprene-emitting (NE) gray poplar (Populus x canescens)

152 Water was withheld from transgenic isoprene-emitting and non-emitting tobacco (Nicotiana ta

153 o the major plastidic isoprenoid products in isoprene-emitting and transgenic isoprene-nonemitting (N

154 Here, we show for a city downwind of an isoprene-emitting forest (St. Louis, MO) that isoprene a

155 that, like St. Louis, are downwind of major isoprene-emitting forests.

156 mulation and possible feedback inhibition in isoprene-emitting hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populu

157 ene protects the photosynthetic apparatus of isoprene-emitting plants from oxidative stress.

158 Droughted isoprene-emitting plants showed no increase in ROS conte

159 ons, which result from enhanced dominance by isoprene-emitting species (which tolerate ozone stress b

160 As isoprene-emitting species support very high steady-state

161 re capable of retrieving isoA sequences from isoprene-enriched environmental samples.

162 ty of commonly reported molecular tracers of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) derived secondary organic aer

163 ion was directly proportional to the loss of isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) isomers from the gas phase.

164 High OH exposure conditions lead to little isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) SOA being generated.

165 study is separate from previously described isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) uptake.

166 Isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX), glyoxal, and methylglyoxal a

167 e-controlled reactive uptake of dicarbonyls, isoprene epoxydiol and methacrylic acid epoxide was inco

168 onent concentrations are decreased, SOA from isoprene epoxydiol is increased by approximately 16%.

169 stically robust relationships between IEPOX (isoprene epoxydiol)-derived SOA (IEPOX SOA) and aerosol

170 t observations of organosulfates formed from isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) and methacrylic acid epoxide

171 reactive uptake and multiphase chemistry of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) has been found to contribute

172 Multiphase chemistry of isomeric isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) has been shown to be the dom

173 equent oxidation of ISOPOOH largely produces isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX), which are known secondary o

174 organic aerosol (SOA) derived from synthetic isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX).

175 formed through the aqueous-phase reaction of isoprene epoxydiols.

176 to acetone, the simultaneous measurement of isoprene, ethanol, methanol, methane, and water.

177 y suppressed under extreme drought, although isoprene fluxes remained relatively high compared to rep

178 In contrast, isoprene formation was significantly reduced in transgen

179 Continuous production of isoprene from CO(2) and H(2)O was achieved in the light,

180 Aerosol surface uptake of isoprene-generated glyoxal, methylglyoxal and epoxydiol

181 RAD in response to the early pathway-derived isoprene gernanylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP).

182 ge global emission rate and high reactivity, isoprene has a profound effect upon atmospheric chemistr

183 Isoprene has significant effects on atmospheric chemistr

184 Oxidation products of monoterpenes and isoprene have a major influence on the global secondary

185 ), in particular dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and isoprene, have fundamental ecological, physiological and

186 e taubimolecular > 10 s, the distribution of isoprene hydroxy peroxy radicals will be controlled prim

187 low-NOx conditions leads to the formation of isoprene hydroxyhydroperoxides (ISOPOOH).

188 Using calibrations for isoprene hydroxynitrates and the measured molecular comp

189 iments, using biosynthesized (13) C-labelled isoprene, identified the active isoprene-degrading bacte

190 OA was generated from the photo-oxidation of isoprene in a flow tube reactor at 70% relative humidity

191 adical oxidation of several monoterpenes and isoprene in a series of laboratory experiments.

192 strated by the quantification of acetone and isoprene in exhaled breath.

193 been examining the biological function(s) of isoprene in isoprene-emitting (IE) species for two decad

194 ay represent a significant abiotic source of isoprene in the marine boundary layer.

195 The role of isoprene in the response of plants to drought is less cl

196 is overwhelming evidence that leaf-internal isoprene increases the thermotolerance of plants and pro

197 enzymatic activities, our data suggest that isoprene indirectly regulates the production of reactive

198 The oxidation of isoprene is a globally significant source of secondary o

199 Isoprene is a small lipophilic molecule with important f

200 Isoprene is a substantial contributor to the global seco

201 Isoprene is an important reactive gas that is produced m

202 Atmospheric photooxidation of isoprene is an important source of secondary organic aer

203 rnative carbon sources showed that growth on isoprene is an inducible trait requiring a specific IsoM

204 The volatile gas isoprene is emitted in teragrams per annum quantities fr

205 Isoprene is emitted naturally by vegetation during dayti

206 Isoprene is made primarily from recently fixed photosynt

207 In the marine environment, isoprene is produced in the seawater by various biologic

208 On nights with significant NO3, isoprene is removed before dawn; days with low morning i

209 Isoprene is synthesized via the chloroplastic 2-C-methyl

210 Isoprene is the predominant non-methane volatile organic

211 roximately 500 Tg of 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (isoprene) is emitted by deciduous trees each year.

212 product of isoprene metabolism, rather than isoprene itself, was the inducing molecule.

213 t % polystyrene, remarkably leaving the poly(isoprene) layers intact at only 3 wt %!

214 Genes predicted to be required for isoprene metabolism, including four-component isoprene m

215 at epoxyisoprene, or a subsequent product of isoprene metabolism, rather than isoprene itself, was th

216 prene monooxygenase (IsoMO) is essential for isoprene metabolism.

217 ved from MAE to those from photooxidation of isoprene, methacrolein, and MPAN under high-NOx conditio

218 nent were human metabolic emissions, such as isoprene, methanol, acetone, and acetic acid.

219 hat a plasmid-encoded soluble di-iron centre isoprene monooxygenase (IsoMO) is essential for isoprene

220 g the active-site component of the conserved isoprene monooxygenase, which are capable of retrieving

221 soprene metabolism, including four-component isoprene monooxygenases (IsoMO), were identified and com

222 scribe the diurnal and seasonal variation in isoprene, monoterpene, and methanol fluxes from a temper

223 t, the OVOCs do not correlate with levels of isoprene, monoterpenes, or dimethyl sulfide.

224 products in isoprene-emitting and transgenic isoprene-nonemitting (NE) gray poplar (Populusxcanescens

225 Here, we assessed the impact of isoprene on the emission of nitric oxide (NO) and the S-

226 al and activity assays of strains growing on isoprene or alternative carbon sources showed that growt

227 uencing (RNAseq) to analyse cells exposed to isoprene or epoxyisoprene in a substrate-switch time-cou

228 nic compounds such as acetone, acetaldehyde, isoprene, or cysteamine can be detected in the breath ga

229 (VOCs) emitted to the atmosphere consists of isoprene, originating from the terrestrial and marine bi

230 al mechanism with more detailed treatment of isoprene oxidation chemistry and additional secondary or

231 Polyols formed from isoprene oxidation contribute 8% and 15% on average to p

232 nt of condensing low volatility species from isoprene oxidation in both the gas and particle phases.

233 Isoprene oxidation in the atmosphere is initiated primar

234 Isoprene oxidation produces marginal quantities of ELVOC

235 of nonreactive gas-particle partitioning of isoprene oxidation products as an SOA source.

236 nts on the likely volatility distribution of isoprene oxidation products under atmospheric conditions

237 tion triggers reductive C-O bond cleavage of isoprene oxide to form aldehyde-allyliridium pairs that

238 termined reaction rates for sCIs formed from isoprene ozonolysis with SO2 along with systematic discr

239 duction of polyhydroxybutyryl bioplastic and isoprene--pathways where cofactor generation and utiliza

240 adicals (OH) and molecular oxygen to produce isoprene peroxy radicals (ISOPOO).

241 nitrate (NO3) radicals are suppressed, high isoprene persists through the night, providing photochem

242 catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction, [Co(I)(dppe)(isoprene)(phenylacetylene)](+), could be generated via I

243 d particles, we measure SOA mass yields from isoprene photochemical oxidation of up to 15%, which are

244 condary organic aerosol (SOA) formation from isoprene photochemical oxidation, in which radical conce

245 secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from isoprene photooxidation are investigated in environmenta

246 Isoprene photooxidation is a major driver of atmospheric

247 Isoprene photooxidation was separated from SOM productio

248 SOM production from isoprene photooxidation was studied under hydroperoxyl-d

249 This abrupt shift in isoprene photooxidation, sparked by human activities, sp

250 ox exchange in trees constitutively emitting isoprene (Populus nigra) or monoterpenes (Quercus ilex),

251 strong correlation was also observed between isoprene production and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in th

252 ng, thereby maintaining overall increases in isoprene production rates at high temperatures.

253 Isoprene protects the photosynthetic apparatus of isopre

254 However, isoprene provides an abundant and largely unexplored sou

255 Isoprene reacts with hydroxyl radicals (OH) and molecula

256 Hungary, which is comparable to that of the isoprene-related MW 216 OSs, known to be formed through

257 g sulfate seed particles on the formation of isoprene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) was investigate

258 Isoprene significantly contributes to organic aerosol in

259 On average, isoprene SOA accounts for 55.5% of total predicted near-

260 The volatility and oxidation state of isoprene SOA are sensitive to and exhibit a nonlinear de

261 t decrease of domain average SOA by 3.6% and isoprene SOA by approximately 2.6%.

262 Although most of the isoprene SOA component concentrations are decreased, SOA

263 nstituents, this study reveals the impact of isoprene SOA exposure on lung responses and highlights t

264 of 29 genes were significantly altered upon isoprene SOA exposure under noncytotoxic conditions (p <

265 sulfate particles may mediate the extent of isoprene SOA formation in the atmosphere.

266 .55 mugC/m(3) was attributed to insufficient isoprene SOA in the summertime CMAQ simulation.

267 Considering the abundance of isoprene SOA in the troposphere, understanding mechanism

268 The formation of isoprene SOA is influenced largely by anthropogenic emis

269 In this study, we assessed the effects of isoprene SOA on gene expression in human airway epitheli

270 diol accounts for approximately 83% of total isoprene SOA or more than 45% of total SOA.

271 oxygen species (ROS) production by using the isoprene specific inhibitor fosmidomycin, acute O3 expos

272 hotosynthesis, ultimately leading to reduced isoprene substrate dimethylallyl diphosphate pool size.

273 tate chloroplastic pool sizes of the primary isoprene substrate, dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMADP), w

274 PCs (i.e., ethanol, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, isoprene, succinic and levulinic acids, furfural, and 5-

275 ha,beta-pinene, Delta3-carene, limonene, and isoprene) supporting the results from the direct infusio

276 Heterologous expression of the isoprene synthase gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocyst

277 asured in cyanobacteria transformed with the isoprene synthase gene only.

278 Heterologous expression of the isoprene synthase in combination with the MVA pathway en

279 an provide an alternate source of carbon for isoprene synthesis.

280 e of ATP and reductive equivalent supply for isoprene synthesis.

281 LVOC) constitute the organic aerosol, in the isoprene system LVOC with saturation concentrations from

282 ndary organic aerosol (SOA) originating from isoprene, terpenes, aromatics, and sesquiterpenes.

283 to generate SOA from alpha-pinene, guaiacol, isoprene, tetradecane, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene under

284 nrecognized source of oligomers derived from isoprene that contributes to ambient fine aerosol mass.

285 poxides in aerosol formation especially from isoprene, the importance of highly oxidized, reactive or

286 in (MAC) are key oxidation products (iox) of isoprene, the most abundant volatile organic compound (V

287 s removed before dawn; days with low morning isoprene then have lower ozone with a more typical after

288 Heteroaromatic secondary alcohols react with isoprene to form products of hydrohydroxyalkylation in t

289 or the fraction of fixed carbon allocated to isoprene to increase with increasing PPFD.

290 to quantitatively determine contributions of isoprene to summertime ambient SOA concentrations in the

291 Plants emit isoprene to the atmosphere in similar quantities to emis

292 h (PXP) was used to collect 2-methyltetrols (isoprene tracer) and levoglucosan (biomass burning trace

293 Atmospheric oxidation of isoprene under low-NOx conditions leads to the formation

294 ve C5-precursors, IPP and DMAPP, whereas one isoprene unit in the ring E of 1 showed only the [3,5-(1

295 ecaprenyl diphosphate synthase, generates 11 isoprene units and has been structurally and mechanistic

296 ic diphosphates only differ in the number of isoprene units and stereochemistry of the double bonds i

297 Five of the six isoprene units reflected a pattern with [1,2-(13)C2]- an

298 earing various numbers and configurations of isoprene units were investigated.

299 BVOC fluxes were dominated by isoprene, which attained high emission rates of up to 35

300 thesized that losing the capacity to produce isoprene would require stronger up-regulation of other s

301 A pathway enzymes resulted in photosynthetic isoprene yield improvement by approximately 2.5-fold, co