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3 rapy is underexplored, in large part because it is difficult to accurately and reproducibly measure t
4 major limitation of short-read data is that it is difficult to accurately predict full-length splice
7 ritical to maintaining glycemic control, yet it is difficult to achieve due to the high individual di
9 with designed transition-metal catalysts but it is difficult to achieve exceptionally high levels of
15 k of analyzing population-based data is that it is difficult to adequately control for population sub
17 was excluded as a potential marker, because it is difficult to amplify in fungi, often includes larg
18 ication bias in directed acyclic graphs, but it is difficult to anticipate the magnitude of bias.
20 the secretory machinery in eukaryotic cells, it is difficult to apply rational engineering for constr
21 within a small, single population means that it is difficult to argue that circadian rhythmicity form
22 -linked to enhance their physical integrity, it is difficult to ascertain and compare the local stiff
23 lifestyles promote horizontal gene transfer, it is difficult to ascertain given the nonrandom samplin
33 atures that may increase expression, however it is difficult to assess the relative influence of thes
35 ons has received considerable attention, but it is difficult to assess the significance of this issue
37 re also more likely to be promoter-proximal, it is difficult to assess whether motifs identified in t
38 ding studies involve many TFs, consequently, it is difficult to assign nucleosome reorganization to t
41 the ensuing mechanisms for their production, it is difficult to attribute specific functions as drive
42 e PE/PPEs are very challenging to study, and it is difficult to be certain what role(s) they have in
43 s >8 degree heating weeks); a point at which it is difficult to believe reefs can persist as we know
48 terdependence of these contributing factors, it is difficult to circumvent problems and achieve ratio
50 ack of commonly accepted validation methods, it is difficult to compare clustering results between st
51 d skills needed to process and analyze data, it is difficult to compare datasets in an intuitive and
53 utcome (de novo CKD versus CKD progression), it is difficult to conclude with certainty that AKI is t
54 In these less severely injured patients, it is difficult to connect disorders of arousal with mot
55 any diversification shifts occur after WGDs, it is difficult to consider diversification and duplicat
56 omposition and dynamics of this compartment, it is difficult to construct mechanistic hypotheses or e
58 on are not well understood, however, because it is difficult to control for confounding factors such
60 ore toxic than their fibrillar counterparts, it is difficult to decouple the origin of their dissimil
62 ns a challenge in cancer precision medicine; it is difficult to deliver a targeted therapy to cancer
63 ver, because PEL is highly multi-dimensional it is difficult to describe how the system moves around
64 In complex condensed-phase systems, however, it is difficult to design Monte Carlo moves with high ac
67 c compounds in individual aerosol particles, it is difficult to detect PAHs at relevant concentration
68 orescence background of many tissue samples, it is difficult to detect single-molecule fluorescence i
70 Y-STR haplotypes have a few mismatched loci, it is difficult to determine if they are from the same m
73 on observations of forming systems, however, it is difficult to determine the true initial multiplici
74 ue locations of nucleosomes are unknown, and it is difficult to determine their exact locations using
76 gion Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) reveal that it is difficult to determine what is up and down, even i
80 ndia and China compared to the USA, although it is difficult to determine whether this effect is the
82 r relative frequencies have been identified, it is difficult to determine which mechanisms of resista
87 Because it is a disease of unknown etiology, it is difficult to diagnose, to predict disease course a
91 a general property of globular proteins, but it is difficult to directly characterize because the tra
93 ry systems of infants, children, and adults, it is difficult to directly extrapolate clinical practic
96 ture models of alpha-syn-seeded aggregation, it is difficult to discern intracellular from extracellu
99 efly bioluminescence remains elusive because it is difficult to disentangle different enzyme-lumophor
101 ion of Ca(2+) homeostasis contributes to AD, it is difficult to disentangle the effects of familial A
103 ts may be associated with weight status, but it is difficult to disentangle the effects of strongly c
104 d substantially over the last 3 decades, but it is difficult to disentangle what effects individual i
105 ver, due to the small size of the mouse eye, it is difficult to dissect mouse trabecular meshwork (MT
106 ion and function of these synapses; however, it is difficult to dissect the contribution of intrinsic
107 s between various cells in AD inflamed skin, it is difficult to dissect the precise and multiple role
108 ause DNA shape is a consequence of sequence, it is difficult to dissociate these modes of recognition
110 fluences offspring metabolism is unclear, as it is difficult to distinguish between the effects of th
113 ver, with limited long-term direct measures, it is difficult to distinguish direct drying effects fro
114 with anecdotal historical reports, although it is difficult to distinguish smallpox from other pustu
116 ogates for many thousands of other SNPs, and it is difficult to distinguish those that may play a fun
117 ology induces astrocytes to become reactive, it is difficult to distinguish whether astrogliosis is a
119 xpression of GPR56 in the developing cortex, it is difficult to draw a specific conclusion as to whic
120 e studies included in this review means that it is difficult to draw strong conclusions as to the tru
123 rmoury of virulence factors it produces, and it is difficult to eradicate because of its intrinsic re
124 rgery has been extended to neonatal surgery, it is difficult to establish its role for neonatal disor
125 contain a small quantity of unbound iodine, it is difficult to establish the degree to which thyroid
126 tients with cardiovascular disease, although it is difficult to establish the detailed release kineti
130 t assay (ELISA)-based ligand-binding assays, it is difficult to evaluate the residual drug, which is
131 area with multiple sources of air pollution, it is difficult to evaluate the spatial impact of a mino
133 abortion have a lower risk of preeclampsia, it is difficult to evaluate whether the observed associa
137 jor challenge to studying LRP1 has been that it is difficult to express such a large, highly glycosyl
138 S. health care system is complex and because it is difficult to find accurate data elsewhere, most co
139 has been harder to decipher, in part because it is difficult to find appropriate metrics to character
140 onduction electrons at room temperature, but it is difficult to find other spin-polarized oxides with
141 act of these effects remains unclear because it is difficult to follow free-living individuals throug
142 m remains poorly understood, in part because it is difficult to gain information about the dimer-scal
143 cause, unlike in other technosocial systems, it is difficult to gather large-scale data about user be
144 to use one class of model or the other, and it is difficult to generalize statements about their rel
148 geographic arrangement of continental crust, it is difficult to identify a specific causal mechanism.
149 ycans can substitute one mucin molecule, and it is difficult to identify biologically accessible glyc
152 ad through face-to-face social networks, but it is difficult to identify social influence effects in
153 y powerful, but complicates learning because it is difficult to identify the responsible neurons when
155 nation and respiratory mechanics are linked, it is difficult to identify which variables, pressure or
159 ospeciated with their gut-resident microbes, it is difficult to infer features of our ancestral micro
160 in the primate occipitotemporal cortex, but it is difficult to infer the stimulus selectivities of t
161 The TFs mostly function via repression and it is difficult to integrate multiple inputs in promoter
164 particular, during flow chamber experiments, it is difficult to interpret the interplay of the above-
167 se two isoforms has not been defined because it is difficult to isolate or purify the alpha.beta dime
169 ng what such a model can and cannot explain, it is difficult to justify more complex mechanisms, or u
171 binding sites, methylation peaks, etc.), and it is difficult to know a priori which features would be
173 een limited to experimental systems, because it is difficult to know what happened in the deep past a
174 ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain, it is difficult to know which cell types might mediate t
176 e to coal-fired utility boilers (CFUBs), but it is difficult to link specific point sources with loca
177 opposite construct of a 'unified whole', but it is difficult to locate proponents of the idea of a DM
178 ntly contribute to background scattering and it is difficult to locate the crystals, making them inco
180 wing: 1) if the number of RyRs is too small, it is difficult to maintain consecutive openings and sto
181 nonlinear effects of the compliant elements, it is difficult to make generalizations about speed and
184 nucleic acids and proteins, largely because it is difficult to manipulate cellular membrane lipid co
185 ace gravity is a basic stellar property, but it is difficult to measure accurately, with typical unce
191 fying organisms is poorly understood because it is difficult to measure the chemistry of in vivo biom
192 ging because, even in isolated mitochondria, it is difficult to measure the proton motive force while
194 As the spheroids are comparably sizable, it is difficult to monitor larger numbers of them by opt
197 s of action of all BCL2 family proteins, but it is difficult to obtain a precise view of how BCL2 fam
198 n imaging on a conventional SPECT camera, as it is difficult to obtain diagnostic image quality on a
200 ed by RhP2 complexes, the typical catalysts, it is difficult to obtain high conversions using the alt
203 hanism of transport of P-gp, in part because it is difficult to obtain purified protein in well defin
207 oxyanion holes for substrate activation, but it is difficult to parse out the independent contributio
208 rn in fraud verification, especially because it is difficult to percept adulterations with the naked
210 ssenger mutations in the human tumor genome, it is difficult to pinpoint causative driver genes.
211 the gold standard for anastomosing vessels, it is difficult to place sutures correctly through colla
212 wever, because graphene is chemically inert, it is difficult to precisely assemble inorganic nanomate
213 This smoothness is also the reason that it is difficult to precisely determine the transition po
214 botanical record or phylogeographic pattern, it is difficult to precisely identify the time and place
215 nanoparticle delivery is controversial, and it is difficult to predict how a targeted nanoparticle d
218 icity of CYP2D family members among species, it is difficult to predict pathways of human CYP2D6-depe
219 equence motifs, such as G-boxes (CACGTG), so it is difficult to predict regulatory relationships.
221 xylic acid metabolism and storage means that it is difficult to predict the best way to engineer alte
228 ntigen but as there is antigenic drift in HA it is difficult to prepare a vaccine in advance against
229 f current membrane materials and techniques, it is difficult to prepare microporous membranes thinner
230 icant cognitive deficits in humans; however, it is difficult to probe the function of TH in early bra
234 educes photosynthetic productivity; however, it is difficult to quantify accurately in complex canopi
235 explain this "paradox of the plankton," but it is difficult to quantify and track variation in phyto
238 detrimental to health than others; however, it is difficult to quantify the uncertainty associated w
239 te to the signal in a single pixel, however, it is difficult to quantify their individual contributio
243 and sequence homology among family members, it is difficult to realize sensitive and selective detec
245 mutations in four or more driver genes, but it is difficult to recapitulate this degree of genetic c
246 of normal growth is not well characterized, it is difficult to recognize lesions growing at an abnor
247 he population structure of K. pneumoniae, so it is difficult to recognize or understand the emergence
252 n input" problem presents a major roadblock: it is difficult to reliably distinguish causal connectio
254 e human memory is intertwined with language, it is difficult to resist the conclusion that language i
255 ion structure between geographic localities, it is difficult to resolve markers that segregate entire
257 the analysis of receptor function, such that it is difficult to resolve the molecular basis for compo
258 nsory feedback entrains the stepping rhythm, it is difficult to reveal central pattern generator (CPG
259 lity aptamers have been previously reported, it is difficult to routinely generate aptamers that poss
260 for chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), for which it is difficult to rule out environmental influences as
263 mber of possible incorrect folds and because it is difficult to search the fold space for an optimal
264 ing their DNA only during a brief period and it is difficult to select injection doses that would exh
265 ily be cleaved by enzymes such as proteases, it is difficult to selectively break the carbon-nitrogen
266 Some facets are more active than others, but it is difficult to selectively isolate particular facets
267 However, due to the subtlety of DNA damage, it is difficult to sense the presence of damage repair w
269 cumstances, largely because of the fact that it is difficult to separate out myopia-related structura
270 This finding shows that in some scenarios, it is difficult to simulate the intended contact of mate
272 n mice and higher mammalian species in which it is difficult to specifically target and manipulate ge
273 This is especially useful in species where it is difficult to study social traits in natural popula
275 Additionally, in the absence of orthologs it is difficult to study the processes and mechanisms un
277 ture probe stably co-exist in a solution, as it is difficult to sustain an interaction between both t
281 However, as FOXC2 is a transcription factor, it is difficult to target by conventional means such as
291 nitial segments (AISs) and nodes of Ranvier, it is difficult to uncouple their roles in maintaining a
292 es are differentially temperature dependent, it is difficult to understand how physiological processe
293 characteristics affect cooperation; however, it is difficult to understand how this occurs based on g
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