ライフサイエンスコーパス: jawed

1 y, that occurred after the divergence of the jawed and jawless fishes, 450 million years ago.

2 e of Spi-C may predate the divergence of the jawed and jawless vertebrates and that Spi-D arose befor

3 was already present in a common ancestor of jawed and jawless vertebrates, TWEAK evolved early on in

4 s comparisons of regulatory elements between jawed and jawless vertebrates, we report deep conservati

5 ne soon after the evolutionary divergence of jawed and jawless vertebrates.

6 ic trigeminal nucleus in Alligator and other jawed animals but not in jawless vertebrates.

7 olution in the deepest branching lineages of jawed arthropods, the mandibulates.

8 1/Oatp1 family occurs after the emergence of jawed fish and that the OATP1A/Oatp1a and OATP1B/Oatp1b

9 Placoderms are extinct jawed fishes of the class Placodermi and are basal among

10 of duplication occurred before the origin of jawed fishes.

11 y similar in both the jawless (agnathan) and jawed (gnathostome) vertebrates, suggesting that an earl

12 ers are collectively known as gnathostomes ('jawed mouths'), made its earliest definitive appearance

13 eta2M) is believed to have arisen in a basal jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) and is the essential L ch

14 s--represents one of the key events in early jawed vertebrate (gnathostome) history, because it provi

15 tion was a crucial event in the evolution of jawed vertebrate adaptive immunity.

16 mbled into a Rag1/2 gene cluster in a common jawed vertebrate ancestor.

17 but before the appearance of the last common jawed vertebrate ancestor.

18 through the Sprecher pathway, emerged in the jawed vertebrate ancestor.

19 Immunoglobulins (Igs) are a crown jewel of jawed vertebrate evolution.

20 because of incomplete datasets on Paleozoic jawed vertebrate fossils and ontogeny of some modern tax

21 epresent the most phylogenetically divergent jawed vertebrate group relative to the mammals.

22 ruities in character evolution in this major jawed vertebrate group.

23 iginated together with, if not before, their jawed vertebrate hosts >450 million years ago in the Ord

24 rth of an intron that arose in the ancestral jawed vertebrate lineage nearly half-a-billion years ago

25 s vertebrates, TWEAK evolved early on in the jawed vertebrate lineage.

26 make convergent evolution in the jawless and jawed vertebrate lines unlikely and indicate an early or

27 helps unify the comparative anatomy of early jawed vertebrate neurocrania, clarifying primary homolog

28 dingly, we find BAFF orthologs in all of the jawed vertebrate representatives that we examined, altho

29 Several key functional features of jawed vertebrate rods are present in their phylogenetica

30 is the major cartilage matrix protein in the jawed vertebrate skeleton.

31 e system was acquired much later in an early jawed vertebrate.

32 f agnathans, and the elephant shark, a basal jawed vertebrate.

33 n is exemplified by the antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates (B- and T-cell receptors), heterodimer

34 Ds predate the emergence of fishes and other jawed vertebrates (Gnathostomata).

35 nd hagfishes, are the sister group of living jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and hence an important

36 om different ancestral precursor proteins in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless fish (cyclo

37 Jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) and jawless vertebrates

38 The AIS is present in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) but absent in all other

39 The emergence of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) from jawless vertebrate

40 Reproduction in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) involves either externa

41 Most living vertebrates are jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), and the living jawless

42 In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the head skeleton is m

43 In the embryos of jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the jaw cartilage deve

44 s vertebrates (agnathans), and compared with jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), they provide insight i

45 tebrates that diverged from lines leading to jawed vertebrates (including mammals) in the late Cambri

46 preceding the last common ancestor of extant jawed vertebrates (~420 million years ago Ma).

47 e immunity at the transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates and diversified further within the jaw

48 es; herein 'sharks') are the earliest extant jawed vertebrates and exhibit some of the greatest funct

49 polarity of some arch features of the crown jawed vertebrates and invert the classic hypothesis, in

50 r activity is evolutionarily conserved among jawed vertebrates and is able to rescue the finless phen

51 genome expansions, one before the advent of jawed vertebrates and one after.

52 ostracoderms', are regarded as precursors of jawed vertebrates and provide insight into this formativ

53 differentiation of immune-type cells in the jawed vertebrates and related factors of unknown functio

54 gene sequences dating from the appearance of jawed vertebrates and representing potential cis-regulat

55 ogenetic position between the gnathostome or jawed vertebrates and the cephalochordates, represented

56 gnition repertoire arose in the evolution of jawed vertebrates approximately 450 million years ago as

57 fter the divergence of jawless fish from the jawed vertebrates approximately 500 million years ago.

58 The HoxA and HoxD gene clusters of jawed vertebrates are organized into bipartite three-dim

59 nticipatory recombinatorial immune system in jawed vertebrates are the TCR, Ig, and MHC genes, but th

60 The enteric nervous system of jawed vertebrates arises primarily from vagal neural cre

61 to explain how the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates arose from closely linked receptor, li

62 All jawed vertebrates assemble their antigen-receptor genes

63 mong the extant and extinct classes of early jawed vertebrates but, rather, successional teeth evolve

64 mplex class I molecules (MHC I) help protect jawed vertebrates by binding and presenting immunogenic

65 All extant jawed vertebrates can rearrange these gene segments.

66 ish to fowl to pharaohs, nearly all cells in jawed vertebrates constitutively process and present pep

67 of recombination-activating genes (RAGs) in jawed vertebrates endowed adaptive immune cells with the

68 es with the two principal T-cell lineages of jawed vertebrates expressing the alphabeta and gammadelt

69 s must have occurred after the divergence of jawed vertebrates from jawless fish.

70 Jawed vertebrates generate a diverse repertoire of B and

71 ing receptors that are found in a variety of jawed vertebrates has defined shared characteristics tha

72 By contrast, jawed vertebrates have evolved complex protein-based ada

73 All jawed vertebrates have highly diverse lymphocyte recepto

74 Homologies of these bones among jawed vertebrates have long been demonstrated by develop

75 Comparisons between lamprey and jawed vertebrates have yielded important insights into t

76 In most jawed vertebrates including cartilaginous fish, membrane

77 otable in comparison with those of the other jawed vertebrates investigated to date.

78 efining feature governing head patterning of jawed vertebrates is a highly conserved gene regulatory

79 tebrates reveals that the Tbx5 expression in jawed vertebrates is derived in having an expression dom

80 n receptors in the adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates is generated by a unique process of so

81 Although homology of oral teeth in jawed vertebrates is well supported, the evolutionary or

82 All jawed vertebrates limit use of D(H) reading frames (RFs)

83 This reveals that ancestrally all jawed vertebrates may have had fourteen Hox paralogue gr

84 Other agnathans gave rise to jawed vertebrates or gnathostomes, the group including a

85 These representatives of the earliest jawed vertebrates possess a primordial immunoglobulin ge

86 d non-teleost bony fishes, and indicate that jawed vertebrates primitively possessed a lateral line p

87 The last common ancestor of conodonts and jawed vertebrates probably lacked mineralized skeletal t

88 rs are present in certain placoderms, fossil jawed vertebrates retrieved as a paraphyletic segment of

89 Comparison of gene expression in jawless and jawed vertebrates reveals that the Tbx5 expression in ja

90 owed that some Vbetas from distantly related jawed vertebrates share amino acids in their complementa

91 class I region, present in all nonmammalian jawed vertebrates studied to date.

92 eature since the spleen's emergence in early jawed vertebrates such as sharks.

93 nterspersed nature of the TCRA/TCRD locus in jawed vertebrates that also allows the sharing of some v

94 neages in the common ancestor of jawless and jawed vertebrates that co-opted different antigen recept

95 odium channels (VGSCs) in nervous systems of jawed vertebrates that facilitate fast long-distance ele

96 In jawed vertebrates these genes are known to be expressed

97 gement of Ig V(D)J gene segments used by all jawed vertebrates to produce diverse repertoires of T an

98 s of the immunoglobulin-based receptors that jawed vertebrates use for antigen recognition.

99 mbinatorial immune response is restricted to jawed vertebrates where it is found in representatives o

100 Fossils of early gnathostomes (or jawed vertebrates) have been the focus of study for near

101 principal divisions of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

102 mmunoglobulin gene segments in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

103 study of the origin of modern gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates).

104 h is known about neural crest development in jawed vertebrates, a clear picture of trunk neural crest

105 In jawed vertebrates, adaptive immunity is mediated by anti

106 or HoxD genes in patterning the fin-folds of jawed vertebrates, and fuel new hypotheses about the evo

107 L branch is evolutionarily conserved through jawed vertebrates, and HEPL is found in some species lac

108 We argue that centra are homologous among jawed vertebrates, and review evidence in teleosts that

109 t transcriptional regulator of Col2alpha1 in jawed vertebrates, and show that it is coexpressed with

110 n was present in the last common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, but ambiguities arise from uncertaint

111 nd Ig (B cell receptor) genes are present in jawed vertebrates, but have not been identified in other

112 In jawed vertebrates, cartilage matrix consists predominant

113 In jawed vertebrates, Endothelin signaling involves multipl

114 IgM is an ancestral Ab class found in all jawed vertebrates, from sharks to mammals.

115 lymphocytes and B lymphocytes are present in jawed vertebrates, including cartilaginous fishes, but n

116 ave various roles during head development in jawed vertebrates, including pharyngeal pouch morphogene

117 gene family have been found in virtually all jawed vertebrates, including sharks, bony fishes, reptil

118 een defined in most of the major lineages of jawed vertebrates, including the cartilaginous fishes, w

119 many similarities to the Ig-based system of jawed vertebrates, including the compartmentalized devel

120 f allorecognition have been developed in the jawed vertebrates, invertebrate chordate Botryllus, and

121 ption factor Hand2, which is conserved among jawed vertebrates, is expressed in the neural crest in t

122 the immunoglobulin-type antigen receptors of jawed vertebrates, jawless fish have variable lymphocyte

123 n conserved seemingly since the emergence of jawed vertebrates, more than 450 million years ago.

124 Dlx bigene clusters in a common ancestor of jawed vertebrates, one of which was lost prior to the di

125 Jawed vertebrates, or gnathostomes, have two sets of pai

126 tically predates the evolution of T cells in jawed vertebrates, suggesting that the ontogeny of the T

127 pes of lymphocytes, akin to T and B cells of jawed vertebrates, that clonally express somatically div

128 In non-mammalian jawed vertebrates, the bones homologous to the mammalian

129 n a representative of the earliest diverging jawed vertebrates, the clearnose skate (Raja eglanteria)

130 In jawed vertebrates, the p53-binding domains of MDM2 and M

131 In jawed vertebrates, these are important transcriptional r

132 In extant jawed vertebrates, this region provides muscle precursor

133 Given its evolutionary conservation in jawed vertebrates, we used activation-induced cytidine d

134 "the features of 'true' rod transduction in jawed vertebrates, which permit the reliable detection o

135 lopment revealed a common pattern with other jawed vertebrates, which was helpful for comparison of s

136 ft, the tooth has remained a stable trait in jawed vertebrates, while evolving distinct genetic bases

137 recognized as an evolutionary innovation of jawed vertebrates, whose most primitive group is represe

138 igens as the Ig-based antibodies and TCRs of jawed vertebrates, with altogether comparable affinity a

139 hology of the last common ancestor of living jawed vertebrates, with competing hypotheses advancing e

140 ates-lampreys and hagfish) and gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates-cartilaginous and bony fishes), based

141 r genes evolved independently in jawless and jawed vertebrates.

142 aralogous clusters is a primitive feature of jawed vertebrates.

143 on and ecological ascendance of the earliest jawed vertebrates.

144 bulins and T-cell antigen receptors found in jawed vertebrates.

145 of the most basally branching lineage of the jawed vertebrates.

146 instead of the Ig-based Ag receptors used by jawed vertebrates.

147 s and species richness of 44 major clades of jawed vertebrates.

148 ging antigen receptors convergently with the jawed vertebrates.

149 M, was present in the ancestor of all living jawed vertebrates.

150 n and somatic hypermutation of antibodies in jawed vertebrates.

151 te receptors have evolved in the jawless and jawed vertebrates.

152 have been identified in all major groups of jawed vertebrates.

153 ombinatorial antigen receptors shared by all jawed vertebrates.

154 teeth develop and are regulated as in other jawed vertebrates.

155 of the class Placodermi and are basal among jawed vertebrates.

156 ged neural proteins are a general feature of jawed vertebrates.

157 derstood below the phylogenetic level of the jawed vertebrates.

158 ergence of the adaptive immune system in the jawed vertebrates.

159 a characteristic feature of the body plan of jawed vertebrates.

160 body axis is a hallmark of the body plan of jawed vertebrates.

161 nt in the common ancestor of the present-day jawed vertebrates.

162 nization may have varied since the origin of jawed vertebrates.

163 - and T-lymphocyte antigen receptor genes of jawed vertebrates.

164 LM orthologs are not identifiable in certain jawed vertebrates.

165 la neurons instruct predatory hunting across jawed vertebrates.

166 n superfamily gene early in the evolution of jawed vertebrates.

167 (mandible) was evolutionarily important for jawed vertebrates.

168 lication at the time when myelin appeared in jawed vertebrates.

169 of a range of species within two classes of jawed vertebrates.

170 nt via the RAG recombinase in an ancestor of jawed vertebrates.

171 ry skills led to the evolutionary triumph of jawed vertebrates.

172 rtebrates and diversified further within the jawed vertebrates.

173 ans in resolving the evolutionary history of jawed vertebrates.

174 of the mandibular, hyoid and gill arches of jawed vertebrates.

175 d a fundamental role in the success of early jawed vertebrates.

176 that this developmental shift occurs in all jawed vertebrates.

177 ghly conserved migratory pattern observed in jawed vertebrates.

178 l record of ontogenetic edentulism among the jawed vertebrates.

179 ccurred before the separation of jawless and jawed vertebrates.

180 and ampullary organs in the two lineages of jawed vertebrates.

181 the last common ancestor of the jawless and jawed vertebrates.

182 neage in ray-finned bony fishes and hence in jawed vertebrates.

183 d forelimb territories, respectively, of all jawed vertebrates.

184 they do share numerous characteristics with jawed vertebrates.

185 ve module of odontodes in the mouth of early jawed vertebrates: the teeth.

186 VLRB lymphocytes resemble the B cells of jawed vertebrates; VLRA lymphocytes are similar to T cel

187 and rays) are in the oldest taxon of extant jawed vertebrates; we have carried out segregation analy

188 jaws that are characteristic of gnathostome (jawed) vertebrates and before the evolution of paired ap

189 All jawed-vertebrates have four T cell receptor (TCR) chains