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1 tial intervention to fragment or remove or a kidney stone.
2  on pathophysiology and medical treatment of kidney stones.
3 duce hip fracture, and increased the risk of kidney stones.
4 n D supplementation did not increase risk of kidney stones.
5 leads to formation of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones.
6 se, forming the major inorganic component of kidney stones.
7 ays an important role in the pathogenesis of kidney stones.
8 d prevalence of calcium phosphate-containing kidney stones.
9 ion of crystals that might eventually become kidney stones.
10 d between menopause and PMH use and incident kidney stones.
11 n menopause and PMH use and risk of incident kidney stones.
12  to be a critical step in the development of kidney stones.
13 sk for the development of calcium-containing kidney stones.
14 pected focal liver lesions, lung nodules, or kidney stones.
15 terial plaque formation and the formation of kidney stones.
16  a cohort of 85,557 women with no history of kidney stones.
17            All 20 patients with symptoms had kidney stones.
18 date genes in 348 unrelated individuals with kidney stones.
19 5 years of age in 1986 and had no history of kidney stones.
20 es including myotonias, cystic fibrosis, and kidney stones.
21 ain outcome measure was incident symptomatic kidney stones.
22 n among individuals with a family history of kidney stones.
23 ain outcome measure was incident symptomatic kidney stones.
24 9 years of age in 1980 and had no history of kidney stones.
25 n, 40-75 years of age, who had no history of kidney stones.
26 ther renal tubular disorders associated with kidney stones.
27 s, who account for > 80% of new diagnoses of kidney stones.
28 e effects: hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or kidney stones.
29 o unrelated individuals with calcium oxalate kidney stones.
30 , P=4.1 x 10(-5)) associating with recurrent kidney stones.
31 ed regularly, can lead to the development of kidney stones.
32 ehensively evaluate patients presenting with kidney stones.
33 OM), the most prominent constituent of human kidney stones.
34 come symptomatic, resulting in bone loss and kidney stones.
35 tly associated with a lower risk of incident kidney stones.
36 5 participants, 19,678 reported a history of kidney stones.
37 critical step in the pathogenesis of cystine kidney stones.
38 M crystal attachment and the pathogenesis of kidney stones.
39 roduced in soil and is a common component of kidney stones.
40 cognized as the cause of gouty arthritis and kidney stones.
41 yr of follow-up, we documented 5645 incident kidney stones.
42 ction of oxalate results in the formation of kidney stones.
43                           Sixteen radiopaque kidney stones (2.5-19.2 mm in diameter) were embedded in
44          Following an acute care visit for a kidney stone, 21 937 patients (45.8%) underwent SWL and
45                             Nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) affects 5-10% of adults and is most commo
46                                              Kidney stones, aggregates of microcrystals, most commonl
47 of PMH use) was not associated with incident kidney stones among postmenopausal women.
48  who had an emergency department visit for a kidney stone and subsequently underwent SWL or URS.
49 single-phase unenhanced CT for evaluation of kidney stones and associated RadLex(R) Playbook identifi
50  Previous studies of the association between kidney stones and CHD have often not controlled for impo
51                             The diagnoses of kidney stones and CHD were updated biennially during fol
52 calciuria is the most common risk factor for kidney stones and has a recognized familial component.
53 calciuria is the most common risk factor for kidney stones and has a substantial genetic component.
54     Hyperoxaluria is a major risk factor for kidney stones and has no specific therapy, although Oxal
55 s uniformly form calcium phosphate (apatite) kidney stones and have been termed genetic hypercalciuri
56       Black women are less likely to develop kidney stones and have greater bone mass than white wome
57 lcium was inversely associated with risk for kidney stones and intake of supplemental calcium was pos
58 d diagnostic codes to determine incidence of kidney stones and presence of comorbidities (CKD, hypert
59 al treatments are to eliminate the burden of kidney stones and prevent recurrence while simultaneousl
60 creased urinary oxalate levels, formation of kidney stones and renal failure.
61 le to the clinician caring for patients with kidney stones and to the scientist interested in their c
62 ding 2,172 cases with a history of recurrent kidney stones, and 279,870 controls.
63 te is the predominant component in 70-80% of kidney stones, and small changes in urinary oxalate conc
64 se in total fluid intake can reduce risk for kidney stones, and the choice of beverage may be meaning
65                                              Kidney stones are a risk factor for chronic kidney disea
66                                              Kidney stones are aggregates, most commonly containing m
67                                              Kidney stones are common in industrialised nations: up t
68                        The majority of human kidney stones are composed primarily of calcium oxalate
69                                         Most kidney stones are composed primarily of calcium oxalate.
70                                Patients with kidney stones are routinely advised to increase their fl
71 long-term catheterization, forms bladder and kidney stones as a consequence of urease-mediated urea h
72 ctive of this study was to determine whether kidney stones associate with an increased risk for MI.
73 le clinical presentation, high recurrence of kidney stones associated with abnormalities of metabolis
74 American women and 12% of men will develop a kidney stone at some time in their life, and prevalence
75  identify sequence variants associating with kidney stones at ALPL (rs1256328[T], odds ratio (OR)=1.2
76 iabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and kidney stones at baseline.
77 ions that are caused by biofilms--infectious kidney stones, bacterial endocarditis, and cystic fibros
78  forward to a new era of the therapeutics of kidney stones based on such advances.
79 pansion of the present-day southeastern U.S. kidney stone "belt." The fraction of the U.S. population
80 o play an important role in the formation of kidney stones, but data on the risk factors for stone fo
81 lays an essential role in the development of kidney stones by allowing small crystals to be retained
82 average radiation dose for CT evaluation for kidney stones by querying a national dose registry.
83 ,636 Icelanders that were imputed into 5,419 kidney stone cases, including 2,172 cases with a history
84 is, and these mutations explain about 15% of kidney stone cases, suggesting that additional nephrolit
85  at high risk may benefit from a specialized kidney stone clinic staffed by a pediatric nephrologist,
86 onsecutively recruited patients from typical kidney stone clinics.
87 mation on self-reported, physician-diagnosed kidney stones collected from 1,167,009 men and women, ag
88                                         Most kidney stones consist of calcium oxalate, and higher uri
89 ype to phenotype in 355 patients in the Rare Kidney Stone Consortium PH registry and calculated preva
90 lts Three hundred four study descriptors for kidney stone CT corresponding to data from 328 facilitie
91 a from 328 facilities that submitted 105 334 kidney stone CT examinations were identified.
92                                              Kidney stones develop more frequently in individuals wit
93 ake, and body mass index (BMI) with incident kidney stone development was evaluated after adjustment
94 dy size affect the relation between diet and kidney stones, dietary recommendations for stone prevent
95 ting a path toward a better understanding of kidney stone disease and the eventual design of therapeu
96 To emphasize an exploration of mechanisms of kidney stone disease based on a molecular understanding
97 a Type 1 (PH1) is a rare autosomal recessive kidney stone disease caused by deficiency of the peroxis
98     Primary hyperoxaluria type I is a severe kidney stone disease caused by mutations in the protein
99  understanding idiopathic hypercalciuria and kidney stone disease in humans.
100 se are independent risk factors for incident kidney stone disease in women.
101                                              Kidney stone disease is a complex disorder with a strong
102                                              Kidney stone disease is common and may be associated wit
103 nsible for the potentially lethal hereditary kidney stone disease primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1).
104 ich occurs in the hereditary calcium oxalate kidney stone disease primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1).
105 d information on diet, menopause status, and kidney stone disease were used to examine the independen
106 ses the risk for hyperoxaluria and recurrent kidney stone disease, and that replacement therapy is an
107 s of AGT, deficiency of which results in the kidney stone disease, primary hyperoxaluria type I, iden
108 peroxaluria and/or recurrent calcium oxalate kidney stone disease.
109  an in-depth analysis of monogenic causes of kidney stone disease.
110  course, and prognosis for genetic causes of kidney stone diseases has been made available to the cli
111 t, and the possible presence of rare genetic kidney stone diseases would require physicians to compre
112   A prediction tool for the risk of a second kidney stone episode is needed to optimize treatment str
113 s with recurrent nephrolithiasis (>/=1 prior kidney stone episode).
114  correlation between the number of recurrent kidney stone episodes and the lack of O. formigenes colo
115 ex hormones on urinary oxalate excretion and kidney stone formation in an experimental model of uroli
116 y oxalate levels, thereby increasing risk of kidney stone formation in susceptible individuals.
117 e doses of vitamin B6 may reduce the risk of kidney stone formation in women.
118 the intakes of vitamins B6 and C and risk of kidney stone formation in women.
119  FINDINGS: There is increasing evidence that kidney stone formation is associated with a number of sy
120 proaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on kidney stone formation is unknown.
121 lleles had a significantly increased risk of kidney stone formation or medullary nephrocalcinosis, na
122 , the association between calcium intake and kidney stone formation varies with age.
123  relation between family history and risk of kidney stone formation was studied in a cohort of 37,999
124 weight, and body mass index) and the risk of kidney stone formation was studied in two large cohorts:
125                    Information on body size, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest
126               Information on family history, kidney stone formation, and other exposures of interest,
127 d glyoxylate to oxalate, a key metabolite in kidney stone formation.
128 ations for resolving one of the mysteries of kidney stone formation.
129 gnesium, and animal protein, and the risk of kidney stone formation.
130 at triggers a cascade of responses ending in kidney stone formation.
131 could promote crystal retention and possibly kidney stone formation.
132  an important determinant of calcium oxalate kidney stone formation.
133 s thought to be one of the critical steps of kidney stone formation.
134                               In conclusion, kidney stone formers are at increased risk for MI, and t
135 currence of Kidney Stone nomogram identifies kidney stone formers at greatest risk for a second sympt
136 oluble oxalate in foods is major concern for kidney stone formers due to its tendency to increase uri
137             There were 2239 first-time adult kidney stone formers with evidence of a passed, obstruct
138                Preliminary data suggest that kidney-stone formers have lower urinary sulfate excretio
139 eteroscopy or pyeloscopy can safely render a kidney-stone free prior to transplantation and in living
140 ho sought medical evaluation or treatment of kidney stones from 2005-2011 in the U.S. cities of Atlan
141 arly explained by mutations in 1 of 30 known kidney stone genes, we conducted a high-throughput mutat
142 mong women, those with a reported history of kidney stones had an increased risk of CHD than those wi
143  reduced-radiation dose CT for evaluation of kidney stones has increased since 2011-2012, but remains
144 cant difference was shown for conspicuity of kidney stones in 22 patients who underwent CT with z-axi
145 een caffeine intake and the risk of incident kidney stones in 3 large prospective cohorts.
146 ferent beverages and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones in a cohort of 45,289 men, 40-75 years of
147 ion was found between menopause and incident kidney stones in age-adjusted (relative risk [RR], 1.07;
148 d safety of sodium thiosulfate for recurrent kidney stones in humans are needed.
149 ium thiosulfate reduces formation of calcium kidney stones in humans, but this has not been establish
150 actors and the risk of incident, symptomatic kidney stones in men and to determine whether these asso
151            A total of 1078 incident cases of kidney stones in NHS during 14 yr of follow-up and a tot
152  risk of CHD than those without a history of kidney stones in NHS I (incidence rate [IR], 754 vs 514
153 cal activity may reduce the risk of incident kidney stones in postmenopausal women independent of cal
154 iting the crystallisation of calcium oxalate kidney stones in susceptible individuals.
155 ation between a DASH-style diet and incident kidney stones in the Health Professionals Follow-up Stud
156 e whether geographic variability in rates of kidney stones in the United States was attributable to d
157 ociated with hypercalciuric nephrolithiasis (kidney stones) in the Northern European and Japanese pop
158 cifically hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and kidney stones, in participants who were given vitamin D
159 s influence the formation of calcium oxalate kidney stones, including gender, diet, and urinary excre
160 e computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of kidney stones increased in 2015-2016 compared with that
161 nephric kidney and show that mutants develop kidney stones, indicating renal dysfunction.
162                The pathogenesis of L-cystine kidney stones involves four critical steps: nucleation,
163 , the understanding of polygenetic causes of kidney stones is still largely elusive.
164      Optimum management to prevent recurrent kidney stones is uncertain.
165                                              Kidney stones (< or =2.5 mm) can be adequately depicted
166 ange with age, the relation between diet and kidney stones may be different in older adults.
167                                              Kidney stones (nephrolithiasis), which affect 12% of mal
168                            The Recurrence of Kidney Stone nomogram identifies kidney stone formers at
169                                              Kidney stones of p.E161K carriers were more likely to co
170  2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) that can produce kidney stones or renal failure.
171 ignificantly added to prediction of risk for kidney stones (P < 0.001).
172 er urinary sulfate excretion relative to non-kidney-stone patient controls (p = 0.0261).
173 ociations between mean daily temperature and kidney stone presentation according to lag time and temp
174 ur cities, the strongest association between kidney stone presentation and a daily mean temperature o
175 dels, we estimated the relative risk (RR) of kidney stone presentation associated with mean daily tem
176 precise relationship between temperature and kidney stone presentation is unknown.
177 ociations between mean daily temperature and kidney stone presentation were not monotonic, and there
178                                              Kidney stone presentations also were positively associat
179                                  In general, kidney stone presentations increased with higher daily m
180 nor organs has led to the early detection of kidney stones prior to donation.
181 eported isolation of nanobacteria from human kidney stones raises the intriguing possibility that the
182 des should be useful in reducing the risk of kidney stone recurrence in patients with Dent's disease.
183 current stone formers in the Dallas and Bern kidney stone registries.
184 ges significantly added to the prediction of kidney stone risk (p < 0.001).
185 diet is associated with a marked decrease in kidney stone risk.
186 h calcium supplements, was shown to increase kidney stone risk.
187 ymorphisms in claudin-14 are associated with kidney stone risk.
188 rmalities that may lower future skeletal and kidney stone risk.
189       Facilities actively submitting data on kidney stone-specific CT examinations were included.
190 ese results suggest that a family history of kidney stones substantially increases the risk of stone
191 ntly in individuals with a family history of kidney stones than in those without a family history; ho
192 ectopic biomineralization of calcium oxalate kidney stones, the competition between calcium oxalate m
193 ed initial solid phase in patients with CaOx kidney stones, the reduction in supersaturation with res
194 tinely recommended for patients who have had kidney stones to decrease the likelihood of recurrence.
195 that display a wide range of phenotypes from kidney stones to petrified bones.
196                Most patients with first-time kidney stones undergo limited evaluations, and few recei
197  also observe associations of the identified kidney stone variants with biochemical traits in a large
198   Among the 2 cohorts of women, a history of kidney stones was associated with a modest but statistic
199 consumption of caffeine and the incidence of kidney stones was collected by validated questionnaires.
200 pleted a 24-h urine collection, the risk for kidney stones was directly proportional to urinary oxala
201            A total of 1078 incident cases of kidney stones was documented during the 14-yr follow-up
202 n the type of menopause and risk of incident kidney stones was examined, surgical menopause was assoc
203                          A family history of kidney stones was much more common in men with a persona
204 on risk of hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, or kidney stones was not modified by baseline 25-hydroxyvit
205 H score, the multivariate relative risks for kidney stones were 0.55 (95% CI, 0.46 to 0.65) for men,
206         A total of 1473 incident symptomatic kidney stones were documented during 477,700 person-year
207                     A total of 4605 incident kidney stones were documented over a combined 44 yr of f
208 ollow-up over an 8-year period, 719 cases of kidney stones were documented.
209 ,849 person-years of follow-up, 864 cases of kidney stones were documented.
210 242,100 person-years), 753 incident cases of kidney stones were documented.
211 itamins B6 and C and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones were prospectively studied in a cohort of
212                            Of these studies, kidney stones were reported in only 9 trials with a tend
213 ho underwent parathyroidectomy had recurrent kidney stones, whereas 6 of the 8 patients who did not u
214 ium appears to decrease risk for symptomatic kidney stones, whereas intake of supplemental calcium ma
215 ore than 90% of procedural interventions for kidney stones, which affect 1 in 11 persons in the Unite

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