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1 degrees N over an entire hemisphere (140,000 kilometers).
2 ather than at a coarse scale (around several kilometers).
3 valved below a shallow reservoir (at about 6 kilometers).
4 vity required from each muscle to traverse a kilometer.
5 plate margins resolved down to a scale of 1 kilometer.
6 ea had values over 0.09 kilometer per square kilometer.
7 rations of particles to altitudes above ~150 kilometers.
8 ent in populations separated by thousands of kilometers.
9 mes of 20 to 80 seconds and widths of </=300 kilometers.
10 s opposed to 3% of cases separated by 1 to 5 kilometers.
11 d are consistent with partial melt below 660 kilometers.
12 on of absolute plate motion for thousands of kilometers.
13 at may migrate over hundreds to thousands of kilometers.
14 nment to permit aqueous flows across several kilometers.
15 ravity anomalies with lengths of hundreds of kilometers.
16 0,000 forest plots spanning 4,000,000 square kilometers.
17 mported to the site, possibly over dozens of kilometers.
18 Ninety percent of cases lived within 50 kilometers.
19 ng with ocean currents sometimes hundreds of kilometers.
20 o 16 seconds were detected as deep as 65,000 kilometers.
21 , when the entire ring was tilted by about 2 kilometers.
22 e structural discontinuity at a depth of 220 kilometers.
23 to 20 meters and its wavelength is 30 to 80 kilometers.
24 , and often separated by tens or hundreds of kilometers.
25 n of migratory species can span thousands of kilometers.
26 craters, to thicknesses in excess of several kilometers.
27 ng slab farther east and north by up to 1000 kilometers.
28 rium elastic lithosphere is greater than 300 kilometers.
29 observed at a spatial resolution of 11 to 45 kilometers.
30 to 9% velocity drop at depths of 130 to 190 kilometers.
31 elow the seismogenic zone by at least 3 to 5 kilometers.
32 only 7% of which are larger than 100 square kilometers.
33 l dispersal and infectivity over hundreds of kilometers.
34 ls spanning length scales from nanometers to kilometers.
35 asin at ~3.3 kilometers per second over ~140 kilometers.
36 origin at Voyager 1, located at 18.5 billion kilometers (123 astronomical units) from the Sun, decrea
37 approach, indicating an upper limit of <4.6 kilometers(-3) for the dust density in the Pluto system.
38 stal magma body has a volume of 46,000 cubic kilometers, ~4.5 times that of the upper-crustal magma r
39 f Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for
40 the atmosphere to form plumes rising several kilometers above eruptive vents, which can pose serious
41 ts of the radiation belts, passed about 4000 kilometers above the cloud tops at closest approach, wel
43 t mesoscale winds at scales of a few hundred kilometers account for more than 65% of near-inertial en
44 years on objects that traveled thousands of kilometers across the Pacific Ocean to the shores of Nor
45 hollows, range from tens of meters to a few kilometers across, and many have high-reflectance interi
46 ungest of these impact structures, about 500 kilometers across, formed about 1 billion years ago, in
48 ic fingerlike structures of wavelength ~2000 kilometers align parallel to the direction of absolute p
49 pture propagated northward for more than 170 kilometers along both mapped and unmapped faults before
50 ng the proportions of the land uses over one kilometer altered pollination probability up to 7-fold.
51 atorial stratosphere (approximately 16 to 50 kilometers altitude), was unexpectedly disrupted in Febr
53 geochemical data to show that the 110-square-kilometer and 65-meter-deep collapse of Bardarbunga cald
55 tches, more than half of which are <1 square kilometer and only 7% of which are larger than 100 squar
57 a were collected on ability of walking for 1 kilometer and use of NSAIDs at baseline and death inform
58 oduces an average of 81% more transportation kilometers and 108% more emissions offsets per unit area
60 face magma layer with a thickness of over 50 kilometers and a rock melt fraction of 20% or more is fu
61 degrees C variation extending to depths >400 kilometers and are inconsistent with variations in mantl
63 s the resolution downward to a depth of 1500 kilometers and reveals a several-hundred-kilometer-wide
64 r-groundwater exchange on a spatial scale of kilometers and time scale of months to years suggests a
65 omography supports a much thicker root (>250 kilometers) and a gradual lithosphere-asthenosphere tran
66 o map global forest loss (2.3 million square kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) fro
67 ntrating solar power (CSP)], area (in square kilometers), and capacity (in MW) within the global sola
68 the homopause altitude at approximately 130 kilometers, and an unexpected level of variability both
69 ing a total area of more than 245,000 square kilometers, and are probably a key stressor on marine ec
70 rary breeding sites hundreds or thousands of kilometers apart, but the behavioral adaptations that fa
73 y on small spatial scales ( less, similar500 kilometers) at the footpoints of hot and dynamic coronal
75 dFe must have been transported thousands of kilometers away from its vent site to reach our sampling
77 ssal Pacific, this dFe persists thousands of kilometers away from the vent source with sufficient mag
78 as to rural background values more than 100 kilometers away, varying seasonally from 4.4 to 6.1 par
84 tectonic environment, varying from 95 +/- 4 kilometers beneath Precambrian shields and platforms to
85 recambrian shields and platforms to 81 +/- 2 kilometers beneath tectonically altered regions and 70 +
86 or and for dispersing propagules hundreds of kilometers between isolated and ephemeral communities.
88 orested region was 0.03 kilometer per square kilometer, but areas of Gabon and Equatorial Guinea had
89 pecially given that they may be carried many kilometers by currents during their planktonic phase.
90 at altitudes ranging from 150 to above 1000 kilometers by the Langmuir Probe and Wave instrument on
91 llion and a territory of >9.6 million square kilometers, China has a total of 34 provinces and munici
93 and fossil energy use and GHG emissions per kilometer compared to driving long distances, but the ex
94 y discontinuities in the deepest few hundred kilometers, consistent with a phase transition from pero
95 11, and for most of the 253-day, 560-million-kilometer cruise to Mars, the Radiation Assessment Detec
96 catch and require 100-200 times more square kilometer-days of closure than dynamic measures (grid-ba
97 t, Rheasilvia, is 500 kilometers wide and 19 kilometers deep and finds its nearest morphologic analog
101 harsh physicochemical conditions within the kilometer-deep hydrocarbon-bearing shale, including high
102 biodiversity fracture water collected at 2.8-kilometer depth in a South African gold mine was sequenc
103 Earth's mantle transition zone (410- to 660-kilometer depth) implies the possibility of a deep H2O r
106 for enigmatic seismic features beyond ~2000 kilometers depth and suggests that the lower mantle may
107 e mantle transition zone between 410 and 660 kilometers depth, a result that is in agreement with pri
108 ect an increase in viscosity at 800- to 1200-kilometers depth, far greater than the depth of the mine
109 nd a conductive anomaly at approximately 100 kilometers depth, in conjunction with the occurrence of
111 velocity, most prominent between 200 and 350 kilometers depth, which extends below the well-developed
112 of these undifferentiated, large (50- to 100-kilometer diameter) CAI-rich bodies suggests that they m
114 ENGER's second Mercury flyby revealed a ~715-kilometer-diameter impact basin, the second-largest well
115 SSENGER's third Mercury flyby revealed a 290-kilometer-diameter peak-ring impact basin, among the you
121 ttenuation, these compounds were transported kilometers downstream, and thus additive concentrations
123 in western Maryland that is several (>50 km) kilometers downwind of power plants in Ohio, Pennsylvani
124 ithin a few fault lengths (approximately 300 kilometers), during times that high-amplitude surface wa
125 along the profile is characterized by a 5.2-kilometer dynamic range and 930-meter root-mean-square r
126 increase in the Moon's radius by 0.6 to 4.9 kilometers early in lunar history, consistent with predi
128 , with equivalent spherical diameters of ~40 kilometers for Nix and Hydra and ~10 kilometers for Styx
130 ess, which significantly increased with each kilometer from DES [carbon, 0.2 Mgxha(-1); 0.1 species p
132 al populations were depleted within 7 and 40 kilometers from hunters' access points (roads and settle
133 smometers at distances between 1000 and 2000 kilometers from the source of the 2011, moment magnitude
137 are kilometers) and gain (0.8 million square kilometers) from 2000 to 2012 at a spatial resolution of
138 yield are dominated by broad-scale (100s of kilometers) GCM systematic errors that RCMs cannot compe
139 ination, highly reflective zone in Oxo, a 10-kilometer, geologically fresh crater, on five occasions
141 field at the submesoscales (100 m to tens of kilometers, hours to days) remain unresolved due to a la
142 ii of 291 (+/-9), 278 (+/-9), and 250 (+/-9) kilometers, implying a density of 2400 (+/-250) kilogram
144 ge bright-point group that is 430,000 square kilometers in area and located near the solar disk cente
145 -temperature range extending from about 1000 kilometers in depth and 1900 kelvin to 2200 kilometers a
146 oduced a catalog of all impact craters >/=20 kilometers in diameter on the lunar surface and analyzed
148 late terrestrial impactors, at 2500 to 3000 kilometers in diameter, potentially modified Earth's obl
149 ted impact produced a transient crater, ~390 kilometers in diameter, that was not maintained because
150 e presence of an impact feature, 240 (+/-25) kilometers in diameter, within Pallas's ultraviolet-dark
151 e of a continuous plume of oil, more than 35 kilometers in length, at approximately 1100 meters depth
153 l the earthquake rupture as a slip pulse ~20 kilometers in width, ~6 seconds in duration, and with a
157 core having an average radius of 107 to 113 kilometers, indicating sufficient internal melting to se
159 and marine environments can begin up to 100 kilometers inland, extend to the continental shelf, and
160 produced effects that penetrated hundreds of kilometers into Saturn's stratosphere (to the 1-millibar
162 try did not change appreciably until several kilometers into the urban environment, where concentrati
164 er atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 200 kilometers) is consistent with ground-based stellar occu
167 ical phase changes approximately 410 and 660 kilometers (km) deep within Earth beneath South America
168 nd mean equatorial radii of 2574.32 +/- 0.05 kilometers (km), 2574.36 +/- 0.03 km, and 2574.91 +/- 0.
169 h long-distance (on the order of hundreds of kilometers) larval dispersal distances, making it very d
172 ribution, rupture along the approximately 60-kilometer-long Carrizo segment was thought to control th
173 3, a magnitude 8.3 earthquake ruptured a 180-kilometer-long fault within the subducting Pacific plate
174 volved the formation of a approximately 1000-kilometer-long lobate scarp, a product of the global coo
175 Mayor-Cucapah earthquake that produced a 120-kilometer-long multifault rupture through northernmost B
176 ntawai islands, Sumatra, imply that this 700-kilometer-long section of the Sunda megathrust has gener
177 earthquake of 1857, with a approximately 350-kilometer-long surface rupture, was the most recent majo
179 of magma, and lateral migration through a 48-kilometers-long dike, from a 12-kilometers deep reservoi
181 y vagile and can disperse up to thousands of kilometers, making it difficult to identify the factors
182 , whereas those for the Moon, at ~250 to 300 kilometers, may have delivered water to its mantle.
183 s and the best-available data from our 7,000-kilometer mega-transect survey and open access data, we
184 016, delays rose from 2.1 to 3.1 minutes per kilometer (min/km) in the morning peak and from 2.8 to 5
185 centers up to 499 miles (to convert miles to kilometers, multiply by 1.6) away, 6.7% at centers 500 t
192 Processes within the lowest several hundred kilometers of Earth's rocky mantle play a critical role
193 -density plasmasphere (roughly within 20,000 kilometers of Earth) that is known to remove the high-en
194 lateral viscosity variations in the top 200 kilometers of Earth, together with forces associated wit
195 bservational data showing that ~87,000 cubic kilometers of ice have accumulated at the poles since th
196 s are embedded into a preform and drawn into kilometers of microstructured multimaterial fibre device
199 dea exulans) forage over thousands of square kilometers of open ocean for patchily distributed live p
200 ct across 103 salt marsh sites spanning ~430 kilometers of shoreline in coastal Louisiana, Alabama, a
201 an family distributed within several hundred kilometers of the expanding and retracting glaciers of t
203 SSEs occurring close to the trench (within 2 kilometers of the seafloor), where very low temperatures
205 ns Ice Stream is observed to drain 2.0 cubic kilometers of water into the ocean over approximately 3
206 .81 pM for B(1)) in extensive areas (100s of kilometers) of the coastal ocean, and thus may exert imp
207 rated to within 0.146 solar radius (~100,000 kilometers) of the solar surface before its EUV signal d
209 e atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 1800 kilometers or so), whereas methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H
210 imately 10 R(E) (R(E): Earth radius, or 6374 kilometers), or by the process of magnetic reconnection
211 ry lobes, which extended tens to hundreds of kilometers over gently sloping plains and boundary crate
212 emerged with an average speed of 0.3 to 0.6 kilometer per second and caused high peaks in the photos
213 of roads across the forested region was 0.03 kilometer per square kilometer, but areas of Gabon and E
215 ncident AMD versus average running distance (kilometers per day), cardiorespiratory fitness (10-km fo
217 ve greater field-to-wheels efficiency (e.g., kilometers per gigajoule biomass or per hectare) compare
218 iHVCs with 90 </= |v(LSR)| less, similar 170 kilometers per second (where v(LSR) is the velocity in t
220 The surface rotation rate, approximately 2 kilometers per second at the equator, predicts an oblate
221 s survived a record high-speed entry of 28.6 kilometers per second from an orbit close to that of Jup
222 nt small-scale jets with speeds of 80 to 250 kilometers per second from the narrow bright network lan
227 ne near the Alfven speed ( approximately 800 kilometers per second) and another near the sound speed
230 d redshifted with a Doppler velocity of ~700 kilometers per second, direct evidence of large-scale as
231 in-belt asteroids at velocities exceeding 10 kilometers per second, enough to heat and degas target r
233 dipping fault plane at an average speed of 8 kilometers per second, suggesting efficient seismic ener
239 hout the Peruvian Amazon averaged 632 square kilometers per year and 645 square kilometers per year,
240 ated from negligible loss at 25 +/- 64 cubic kilometers per year for 1994-2003 to rapid loss of 310 +
242 e and required range shifts of up to several kilometers per year, raising the prospect of daunting ch
246 ming, extreme marine heat waves forced a 100-kilometer range contraction of extensive kelp forests an
247 Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) at the kilometer scale reveal distinct structures of atmospheri
249 f highly evolved, silica-rich lunar soils in kilometer-scale and larger exposures, expanded the compo
250 erential elevation changes show distributed, kilometer-scale bending strains as large as ~10(3) micro
251 e-shot remote identification of chemicals at kilometer-scale distances is experimentally demonstrated
252 al analysis of protected areas, we show that kilometer-scale edge effects may compromise the ability
253 surface water descend as coherent, 1- to 10-kilometer-scale filamentous features, often along the pe
254 nce remote comparison of optical clocks over kilometer-scale urban distances, a key step for developm
257 At diameters less than or equal to 8 to 10 kilometers, secondary impact craters on Mercury are more
258 buted across approximately 50 million square kilometers, similar to well-known impact strewnfields an
260 bilities transfer energy to nonaxisymmetric, kilometer-sized magnetic features, in which the local fi
261 individuals migrate hundreds to thousands of kilometers south in midsummer to breed a second time dur
263 minid-bearing unit, now exposed across a > 9-kilometer structural arc, is sandwiched between two volc
264 e smoother terrains (over hundreds of square kilometers) suggests that potential ground-ice presence
265 planetesimals, which are all larger than 35 kilometers, supporting the view of asteroids being born
266 n of ethanol increased 10-fold in metric ton-kilometers (t-km) from 2000 to 2009, the portion of t-km
267 atmospheric winds on scales of thousands of kilometers, the most energetic of such fluctuations, are
268 gest a chemical continental lithosphere 175 kilometers thick, whereas seismic tomography supports a
272 that penguins traversed thousands of square kilometers to areas of low sea surface temperatures (14.
273 te Vallis, and it extended an additional 180 kilometers to the east before the emplacement of the you
274 tions with depth mimic those approximately 6 kilometers to the north and demonstrate that water-induc
275 More patients traveled long distances (>100 kilometers) to receive specialty services than to receiv
276 d, we conducted aerial surveys along a three-kilometer track line at Ostional, Costa Rica during a ma
278 ive transport would be 79 g CO2e per vehicle-kilometer traveled, a 71% reduction relative to 2013.
279 ycle fossil energy use (~ 100 MJ/100 vehicle kilometers traveled (VKT)) and net GHG emissions (~5 kg
283 ter-wavelength ripples and hundred-meter- to kilometer-wavelength dunes: bedforms of two distinct siz
284 MESSENGER) spacecraft at altitudes below 150 kilometers, we have detected remanent magnetization in M
285 older community-dwelling adults who lived 80 kilometers west of the epicenter (59.0% response rate).
286 older community-dwelling adults who lived 80 kilometers west of the epicenter 7 months before the ear
288 volume is estimated to be 1.6 x 10(6) cubic kilometers, which is equivalent to a global water layer
290 x-ray jets are about 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(4) kilometers wide and 1 x 10(5) kilometers long and last f
295 500 kilometers and reveals a several-hundred-kilometer-wide region of low velocities beneath and sout
297 birds can navigate over tens of thousands of kilometers with an accuracy unobtainable for human navig
298 ge and tracks earthquakes to distances of 35 kilometers, with a triggering threshold of ~0.07 megapas
299 elocity layer (USL) varies spatially (3 to 5 kilometers, with an S-wave velocity of approximately 2.0
300 was 0-30,860 vehicles/day x length of road (kilometers) within 100 m; 281 (13%) women lived </= 200
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