ライフサイエンスコーパス: lamblia

1 ects the widespread enteric parasite Giardia lamblia.

2 vel drugs with selective activity against G. lamblia.

3 ncoding a putative [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin of G. lamblia.

4 vacuoles in the intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia.

5 ate of this event before the branching of G. lamblia.

6 tly diverged amitochondriate protist Giardia lamblia.

7 r machinery of the early diverging protist G.lamblia.

8 in initiating translation of GLV mRNA in G. lamblia.

9 O is cytostatic rather than cytotoxic for G. lamblia.

10 ion may constitute a host defense against G. lamblia.

11 ubunit from the diplomonad parasite, Giardia lamblia.

12 amitochondriate diplomonad protist, Giardia lamblia.

13 s absolutely required for protection from G. lamblia.

14 between 1 and 2 weeks postinfection with G. lamblia.

15 ion of acetate, a metabolic endproduct of G. lamblia.

16 merases from the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia.

17 mples submitted for the detection of Giardia lamblia.

18 homolog from the diplomonad parasite Giardia lamblia.

19 cap (DMG) as observed previously for Giardia lamblia.

20 of the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia.

21 family in the intestinal protozoan, Giardia lamblia.

22 , enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), and Giardia lamblia.

23 of the intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia.

24 detection limits of five trophozoites of G. lamblia.

25 in mice infected with the protozoan Giardia lamblia.

26 ry to a 15 nt sequence near the 3' end of G. lamblia 16 S-like ribosomal RNA (rRNA), was found to be

27 specificity results were as follows: for G. lamblia, 170, 95.9%, and 97.4%, respectively; for E. his

28 fewer positional identities to the POR of G. lamblia (34%) than to the POR of the enterobacterium Kle

29 hlii (8), Blastocystis hominis (19), Giardia lamblia (6), Dientamoeba fragilis (2), yeast (2), and le

30 ve predictive values were as follows: for G. lamblia, 93.5, 100, 100, and 95.5%, respectively; for C.

31 m spp., and E. coli O157:H7; 95% for Giardia lamblia; 94% for ETEC and STEC; 93% for Shigella spp.; 9

32 embled small single-domain PDIs from Giardia lamblia, a basal eukaryote, and from yeast.

33 Giardia lamblia, a common intestinal dwelling protozoan and a ca

34 anine phosphoribosyltransferase from Giardia lamblia, a key enzyme in the purine salvage pathway, is

35 N- and C-terminal parts of the G. lamblia acetyl-CoA synthetase sequence were found to be

36 t was no more closely related to the Giardia lamblia acetyl-CoA synthetase than to those of archaea.

37 cayetanensis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, adenovirus F 40/41, astrovirus, norovirus GI/GI

38 The G. lamblia adhE encodes an 888-amino-acid fusion peptide wi

39 The predicted G. lamblia ADHE showed extensive positional identities to A

40 lytica ADHE to bacterial ADHE than to the G. lamblia ADHE.

41 pecies (the most frequent pathogen), Giardia lamblia, Aeromonas species, Campylobacter species, and r

42 phoribosyltransferase (GPRTase) from Giardia lamblia, an enzyme required for guanine salvage and nece

43 The genome of the eukaryotic protist Giardia lamblia, an important human intestinal parasite, is comp

44 Giardia lamblia, an intestinal dwelling protozoan parasite, unde

45 btained by expression of ZK 896.9 in Giardia lamblia, an organism recently characterized as having en

46 tients (18 asymptomatically infected with G. lamblia and 12 with symptoms consistent with intestinal

47 6 Arf family members in the protist Giardia lamblia and 22 members in mammals.

48 eubacteria and also in the eukaryote Giardia lamblia and are only distantly related to typical eukary

49 rapid and quantitative detection of Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts in a field

50 It is well known that Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum can cause severe symp

51 at detects and distinguishes between Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in aqueous extracts o

52 at detects and distinguishes between Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum in human stool.

53 ic to developed countries, including Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp., using technologies tha

54 ly two Type I amitochondriate eukaryotes, G. lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica and from the archaebac

55 a CT-factor sufficient to inactivate Giardia lamblia and enteric viruses 1 h after treatment.

56 sms responsible for control of acute Giardia lamblia and Giardia muris infections in adult mice.

57 hogens were significantly associated with G. lamblia and rotavirus infection.

58 ot well understood, but in analogy to Gardia lamblia and rotavirus infections, secondary lactose mald

59 s, including the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, and the bacterial pat

60 ichDB house the genome databases for Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, respectively, and rep

61 ntervening sequences in the protists Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis, which may represent t

62 idium parvum, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis.

63 er amitochondrial protist pathogens: Giardia lamblia and Trichomonas vaginalis.

64 gnostic testing for Giardia intestinalis (G. lamblia) and Cryptosporidium parvum, with a priority bei

65 Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum are the most frequen

66 ngs related to diarrhoea prevalence, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum were adjusted for se

67 enteropathogenic E. coli, rotavirus, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum.

68 i (EIEC), protozoa (Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, and Entamoeba histolytica), and helminths (Asca

69 ty was examined by using P. hominis, Giardia lamblia, and feline genomic DNA.

70 A total of 24 positive patients (80%) had G. lamblia antigen detected by EIA in both submitted sample

71 A Giardia lamblia antigen detected by the TechLab Giardia Test (Te

72 poridium Microplate Assay, Cambridge Giardia lamblia Antigen Microwell ELISA, Meridian Premier Giardi

73 G. lamblia APRTase therefore provides another example of nu

74 G. lamblia) are not known to have a sexual cycle; these pro

75 hood, indexed by stunting, and potentially G lamblia, are associated with poor cognitive function at

76 ons with the diarrheagenic pathogen, Giardia lamblia, are commonly treated with the 5-nitroimidazole

77 gs add insight into the potential role of G. lamblia as a "stunting" pathogen and suggest that, simil

78 for drug delivery using the pathogen Giardia lamblia as a test case.

79 between E. histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, G. lamblia assemblages A and B, and C. parvum types 1 and 2

80 pplementation but had longer durations of G. lamblia-associated diarrhea.

81 fever (RR, 0.15 [95% CI, 0.02-0.98]), and G. lamblia-associated fever (RR, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.13-0.80]).

82 ) of those determined to be infected with G. lamblia, both samples were negative by microscopy.

83 Seventy specimens were positive for G. lamblia by ELISA, ova and parasite test, and/or direct f

84 oth specimens submitted were positive for G. lamblia by O&P examination for 66.7% (20 of 30) of the p

85 expression in the ancient eukaryote, Giardia lamblia, by taking advantage of assays developed recentl

86 trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Giardia lamblia, Chilomastix sulcatus, Dientamoeba fragilis, and

87 have determined two crystal structures of G. lamblia CK (glCK) with bound ligands.

88 sed to treat chronic alcoholism, inhibits G. lamblia CK and kills G. lamblia trophozoites in vitro at

89 , an interaction seen in the structure of G. lamblia CK in complex with AMP-PNP.

90 Here, we examine the structural basis for G. lamblia CK inhibition of disulfiram and its analog, thir

91 he metronidazole-resistant strain and the G. lamblia CK irreversible inactivation mechanism show that

92 Together, the studies suggest that G. lamblia CK is an attractive drug target for development

93 The crystal structure of G. lamblia CK soaked with disulfiram revealed that the comp

94 hereas the human parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia class II FBPA is a zinc-dependent enzyme.

95 dies to CD4 also prevented elimination of G. lamblia, confirming a role for T cells in controlling in

96 dern animals as well as the archezoa Giardia lamblia, confirming the presence of inhibitory prosequen

97 Phylogenetic analyses position the G. lamblia cpn60 in a clade that includes mitochondrial and

98 rect fluorescent-antibody (FA) assays for G. lamblia (Crypto/Giardia IF Test [Techlab] and Merifluor

99 c Clostridium difficile), parasites (Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., and Entamoeba histolytica

100 Use of G. lamblia cyst antigen from cultured organisms preserved i

101 The Giardia lamblia cyst wall (CW), which is required for survival o

102 lymers were identified which either bound G. lamblia cysts or prevented their binding.

103 biology, transcription and translation in G. lamblia demonstrate important differences from these pro

104 f 12) of patients in this category having G. lamblia detected in both samples, compared with 61% (11

105 Data on G. lamblia detection (mainly in stools) from diarrhea patie

106 c E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Giardia lamblia document heterogeneity among enteropathogen stra

107 e enzyme immunoassay for the detection of G. lamblia, E. histolytica/E. dispar, and C. parvum in fres

108 formed if parasitic infections other than G. lamblia, E. histolytica/E. dispar, or C. parvum are susp

109 ammes designed to prevent malnutrition and G lamblia early in life could lead to significant improvem

110 idium, TechLab Giardia CELISA, Trend Giardia lamblia EIA).

111 e show that the unicellular pathogen Giardia lamblia encodes an mRNA capping apparatus consisting of

112 gs1 protein, the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia encodes two paralogs, Tgs1 and Tgs2.

113 In Giardia lamblia, enhanced translation of luciferase mRNA, flanke

114 sing the long (>60-kDa) enzymes from Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica pfk2, the spirochaetes Bo

115 s, including Cryptosporidium parvum, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and Cyclospora cayetanen

116 say (EIA) panel for the detection of Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar, and Cryptospor

117 n virulence genes, Balantidium coli, Giardia lamblia, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Trichuris trichiur

118 aldolases, the results indicate that the G. lamblia enzyme is distinct in its evolutionary history f

119 PA employs an aspartic acid, Asp83 in the G. lamblia enzyme, which when replaced with an alanine resi

120 G. lamblia expresses an unusual purine phosphoribosyltransf

121 cognition, derived from comparison of the G. lamblia FBPA structure with Escherichia coli FBPA and wi

122 We found that G. lamblia forms novel encystation-specific secretory vesic

123 Seven specimens were positive for Giardia lamblia, four were positive for Entamoeba histolytica/E.

124 Giardia lamblia fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA) is a m

125 A waterborne outbreak of Giardia lamblia gastroenteritis led to a high prevalance of long

126 A Giardia lamblia gene, Glacs, was cloned, sequenced and expressed

127 A Giardia lamblia gene, Glfba, was cloned and sequenced.

128 We have also identified several G. lamblia genes with spliceosomal peptides, including homo

129 E. histolytica genes (and probably G. lamblia genes) encoding fermentation enzymes therefore l

130 BLAST similarity searches of the Giardia lamblia genome identified all seven alpha proteasome gen

131 The Giardia lamblia genome sequencing project affords us a unique op

132 nomenon of bidirectional transcription in G. lamblia gives us insight into the interaction between tr

133 ponding locations in human HGPRT and Giardia lamblia GPRT, respectively, may explain their resistance

134 fied a corresponding threonine residue in G. lamblia GPRTase at position 70 by sequence alignment, an

135 G. lamblia GPRTase exhibits substantial structural differen

136 tively identified the PPi-binding loop in G. lamblia GPRTase, and attributed the relatively higher ca

137 malaria and is also a 10 nM inhibitor of G. lamblia GPRTase.

138 epitope-tagged h7 was integrated into the G. lamblia GS genome.

139 ast, eradication of the human strain Giardia lamblia GS/M, for which adaptive immunity is less IgA de

140 ls as controls with Giardia muris or Giardia lamblia GS/M-83-H7.

141 We used G. lamblia H3 cyst infection in a weaned mouse model of mal

142 otif (amanitin binding site) of Rpb1 from G. lamblia has amino acid substitutions at six highly conse

143 ) from the amitochondriate eukaryote Giardia lamblia has been expressed in Escherichia coli.

144 es, as well as IEM, support the idea that G. lamblia has many of the endomembrane protein transport e

145 We have identified Giardia lamblia homologues of two members of the MAPK family ERK

146 -specific surface proteins (VSPs) in Giardia lamblia-host interactions, antigenic variation during in

147 ne of the most primitive eukaryotes, Giardia lamblia, however, the mRNAs have 5'-UTRs mostly in the r

148 a [Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.]) to detect G. lamblia in 34 G. lamblia-positive and 44 G. lamblia-nega

149 nochromatographic assay that detects Giardia lamblia in aqueous extracts of human fecal specimens.

150 sitive, and specific for the detection of G. lamblia in fecal specimens.

151 &P) examination for the detection of Giardia lamblia in preserved stool specimens were determined.

152 FIX compared to their abilities to detect G. lamblia in the same specimens preserved in formalin as t

153 sequence of the primitive eukaryote Giardia lamblia indicated the presence of an archaeal prolyl-tRN

154 Two major genotypic assemblages of Giardia lamblia infect humans; the epidemiologic significance of

155 certainty regarding a causal link between G. lamblia infection and developmental delay.

156 tively addressing the association between G. lamblia infection and diarrhea in children in developing

157 Giardia lamblia infection of the human small intestine is a comm

158 Association of chronic G. lamblia infection with hypogammaglobulinemia and experim

159 ce could not eradicate either G. muris or G. lamblia infection, demonstrating that IgA is required fo

160 en in nonindustrialized settings and Giardia lamblia infection.

161 se of probiotic therapy for prevention of G. lamblia infections and may help explain some of the vari

162 Giardia lamblia infections are nearly universal among children i

163 nsidered to be potential sources for Giardia lamblia infections in humans, but the extent of zoonotic

164 me of the variability of outcomes seen in G. lamblia infections in humans.

165 the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in Giardia lamblia infections in mice.

166 deficient and scid mice failed to control G. lamblia infections, as has been shown previously for G.

167 6 is necessary for early control of acute G. lamblia infections.

168 The protozoan pathogen Giardia lamblia infects the mammalian small intestine, leading t

169 in models of human intestinal epithelium, G. lamblia inhibited epithelial NO production by consuming

170 Giardia lamblia is a pathogen transmitted by water and food that

171 Giardia lamblia is a primitive eukaryotic microorganism that der

172 Giardia lamblia is a protozoan parasite and the earliest branchi

173 Giardia lamblia is an amitochondrial protozoan susceptible to ox

174 Giardia lamblia is an anaerobic binucleate flagellated protozoan

175 Giardia lamblia is an early branching eukaryote, and although di

176 Giardia lamblia is an early branching protist that possesses per

177 The highly prevalent protozoan Giardia lamblia is an enteropathogen that can be asymptomatic in

178 Carbamate kinase from Giardia lamblia is an essential enzyme for the survival of the o

179 Giardia lamblia is an extremely primitive or early-diverging euk

180 Giardia lamblia is an important human intestinal parasite that s

181 Giardia lamblia is an intestinal protozoan parasite and one of t

182 e the potent antigiardial activity of NO, G. lamblia is not simply a passive target for host-produced

183 Giardia lamblia is one of the most common infectious protozoans

184 ype proteolipid of the V-ATPase from Giardia lamblia is reported.

185 Encystation of Giardia lamblia is required for survival outside the host, where

186 rominent feature of transcription in Giardia lamblia is the abundant production of sterile antisense

187 Giardia lamblia is the most frequently identified protozoan caus

188 Giardia lamblia is ubiquitous in multiple communities of nonindu

189 Giardia intestinalis (syn. lamblia) is one of the most widespread intestinal protoz

190 rase (tim) was sequenced from a number of G. lamblia isolates of various host origins.

191 e-susceptible and metronidazole-resistant G. lamblia isolates, and their efficacy in a mouse model of

192 by a more effective means for classifying G. lamblia isolates.

193 veral pathogenic protozoa, including Giardia lamblia, Leishmania species, and Trichomonas vaginalis a

194 during excystation, occurs throughout the G. lamblia life cycle.

195 Giardia lamblia, like most human intestinal parasitic protozoa,

196 al to the initiation of infection by Giardia lamblia, little is known about the regulation of this im

197 inant cysteine protease activity found in G. lamblia lysates.

198 By using G. lamblia, M. jannaschii, or E. coli tRNA as substrate, th

199 Thus, the large number of VSP genes in G. lamblia may allow the parasite to infect multiple differ

200 tter understanding of the epidemiology of G. lamblia may be facilitated by a more effective means for

201 Furthermore, G. lamblia MDH is specifically related to a homologue from

202 f the MDH protein family solidly position G. lamblia MDH within a eukaryote cytosolic MDH clade, to t

203 Giardia Test [Techlab], and Premier Giardia lamblia [Meridian Diagnostics, Inc.]) and two commercial

204 en Microwell ELISA, Meridian Premier Giardia lamblia, Meridian Premier Cryptosporidium, TechLab Giard

205 colonize the human small intestine, Giardia lamblia monitors a dynamic environment.

206 Giardia lamblia must encyst to survive in the environment and su

207 lamblia in 34 G. lamblia-positive and 44 G. lamblia-negative stool specimens (determined by traditio

208 candidate early-branching eukaryote Giardia lamblia occur in separate pieces, transcribed from non-c

209 tification in the protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia of a novel class of small RNAs, which are derive

210 iasis) were determined to be positive for G. lamblia, of which 48 (88.9%) were positive by microscopy

211 e sensitivity of EIA for the detection of G. lamblia on a single stool specimen was somewhat higher t

212 vum) and four false negatives by O&P (two G. lamblia, one E. histolytica/E. dispar, and one C. parvum

213 ntent of the genome of the protozoan Giardia lamblia, one of the earliest-branching eukaryotes.

214 seven distinct alpha proteasome genes in G. lamblia, one of the earliest-diverging eukaryotes, indic

215 fecting B-cell-deficient mice with either G. lamblia or G. muris.

216 on) is important for the survival of Giardia lamblia outside its human host, the molecular events tha

217 Children with more than one episode of G lamblia per year scored 4.1 points (0.2--8.0) lower than

218 sharing more recent common ancestry with G. lamblia POR than with POR of bacteria and the T. vaginal

219 ostics, Inc.]) to detect G. lamblia in 34 G. lamblia-positive and 44 G. lamblia-negative stool specim

220 shed children may be at increased risk of G. lamblia- potentiated growth decrements.

221 ata were confirmed in vivo, as the cloned G. lamblia proS gene was able to complement a temperature-s

222 , found at the N-terminus of S27a in Giardia lamblia, referred to as GlUb(S27a).

223 ut the extent of zoonotic transmission of G. lamblia remains controversial because of inadequate unde

224 us (GLV)-luciferase chimeric mRNA in Giardia lamblia requires the presence of the initial 264 nucleot

225 Therefore, we measured the sensitivity of G. lamblia RNAP II transcription to alpha-amanitin and foun

226 G. lamblia's archaeal-type prolyl- and alanyl-tRNA syntheta

227 ampylobacter lari, Escherichia coli, Giardia lamblia, Salmonella typhimurium, and Listeria monocytoge

228 ow the primitive protozoan parasite, Giardia lamblia, senses and responds to its changing environment

229 Searching genomic databases with the G. lamblia sequence, we also identified a potential telomer

230 opathogen exposures in these populations, G. lamblia-specific associations with persistent diarrhea,

231 ed the abilities of three commercial Giardia lamblia-specific enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) (ProSpecT Gi

232 tes per PCR on fecal DNA isolated using a G. lamblia-specific oligonucleotide capture technique.

233 heat-shocked whole organisms of E. coli, G. lamblia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Cryptosporidium muri

234 The G. lamblia subunit appears to have most of the characterist

235 Improved understanding of G. lamblia surface interactions could assist in predicting

236 e the L-arginine pathway is essential for G. lamblia survival and absent in high eukaryotes including

237 Giardia lamblia (syn.

238 ic to developed countries, including Giardia lamblia (syn. G. intestinalis/G. duodenalis) and Cryptos

239 The protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia synthesizes a diverse and surprisingly abundant

240 The identification of a G. lamblia telomerase similar to that of most other eukaryo

241 s Schizosaccharomyces pombe Tgs1 and Giardia lamblia Tgs2 catalyze methylation of the exocyclic N2 am

242 e less susceptible to infection with Giardia lamblia than were isogenic mice from another facility.

243 identified in the protozoan pathogen Giardia lamblia that is similar to the core sequence of BIVM, su

244 a that the Diplomonida (as represented by G. lamblia), the Kinetoplastida, the Parabasalia, and the M

245 Giardia lamblia, the causative agent of giardiasis, lacks de nov

246 eadly parasite Entamoeba histolytica;Giardia lamblia, the most common cause of waterborne disease out

247 stranded RNA (dsRNA) virus infecting Giardia lamblia, the most common protozoan pathogen of the human

248 Giardia lamblia, the protozoan parasite responsible for giardias

249 a ribozyme targeted at a specific mRNA in G. lamblia to reduce the expression of a specific gene.

250 They were introduced into GLV-infected G. lamblia trophozoites by electroporation and stablized in

251 oholism, inhibits G. lamblia CK and kills G. lamblia trophozoites in vitro at submicromolar IC50 valu

252 Giardia lamblia trophozoites transfected with the transcript of

253 wimming and attachment mechanisms of Giardia lamblia trophozoites.

254 difficile), and three protozoal (one Giardia lamblia, two Cryptosporidium) infections.

255 The intestinal protozoan parasite Giardia lamblia undergoes surface antigenic variation whereby on

256 ing proteins, the prevalent parasite Giardia lamblia uses an alternative mechanism for cytokinesis.

257 an pathogens (Trypanosoma brucei and Giardia lamblia) using a new hybrid vector, pTARBAC1, containing

258 The parasite Giardia lamblia utilizes the L-arginine dihydrolase pathway to g

259 Giardia lamblia virus (GLV) is a small, nonenveloped, nonsegment

260 e determined the virion structure of Giardia lamblia virus, obtaining new information relating to its

261 Surface antigen switching in Giardia lamblia was analyzed using monoclonal antibodies specifi

262 The APRTase from G. lamblia was cloned and expressed with a 6-His tag at its

263 phoribosyltransferase (APRTase) from Giardia lamblia was co-crystallized with 9-deazaadenine and sulf

264 5% CI, .38-.94; P = .03), indicating that G. lamblia was not associated with acute diarrhea.

265 To better understand transcription in G. lamblia, we identified 10 of the 12 known eukaryotic rpb

266 ter pylori, Salmonella enterica, and Giardia lamblia were detected in sewage, as well as MST markers

267 The 6-kDa FD of E. histolytica and G. lamblia were most similar to those of the archaebacteriu

268 False-negative results for G. lamblia were obtained with specimens with low parasite n

269 amitochondriate protozoan parasite, Giardia lamblia, were sequenced, and their phylogenetic position

270 Excystation of Giardia lamblia, which initiates infection, is a poorly understo

271 active form of the enzyme Dicer from Giardia lamblia, which is capable of accurately processing doubl

272 nce in a group previously exposed to Giardia lamblia with a control group; secondly, to explore the r

273 um parvum, Cryptosporidium muris and Giardia lamblia, with over 92% certainty was achieved.

274 f the waterborne protozoan parasite, Giardia lamblia, with polymeric materials was investigated by mi

275 (ADP-forming) in such human pathogens as G. lamblia, Yersinia pestis, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomo