ライフサイエンスコーパス: laparotomy

1 rotomy) and 350 deaths (229 laparoscopy; 121 laparotomy).

2 colitis, of whom 247 (46.5%) died (139 after laparotomy).

3 compared with operations requiring a midline laparotomy.

4 gnostic laparoscopy can decrease unnecessary laparotomy.

5 cantly reduce the risk of conversion to open laparotomy.

6 ations between randomization and exploratory laparotomy.

7 ely or chronically and is often diagnosed at laparotomy.

8 atients in the control group did not undergo laparotomy.

9 ts with an open abdomen after damage control laparotomy.

10 -cause mortality within 30 days of the index laparotomy.

11 hemia-reperfusion of the intestine or a sham laparotomy.

12 tion in determining the need for therapeutic laparotomy.

13 he most frequent surgical complication after laparotomy.

14 s C adversely affects SSI rates after trauma laparotomy.

15 surgical site infections (SSI) after trauma laparotomy.

16 of recurrence with laparoscopy compared with laparotomy.

17 operitoneal debridement or, if not feasible, laparotomy.

18 onsiderations, including peritoneal drain vs laparotomy.

19 hs occurring within 8 months after emergency laparotomy.

20 f they died before completion of the initial laparotomy.

21 oing surgical staging via laparoscopy versus laparotomy.

22 Mice underwent either 66% PH or sham laparotomy.

23 ree patients (2.9%) required conversion to a laparotomy.

24 s develop in up to 95% of patients following laparotomy.

25 revent intra-abdominal hypertension after DC laparotomy.

26 a single intraperitoneal dose at the time of laparotomy.

27 nt died of respiratory insufficiency after a laparotomy.

28 n unevaluable abdomen underwent an immediate laparotomy.

29 nts (0.97%; 95% CI, 0.44% to 1.8%) underwent laparotomy.

30 nitoring bladder pressures and decompression laparotomy.

31 t intervention was 50%, but few patients had laparotomy.

32 tween the results of MR imaging and those of laparotomy.

33 e lymph nodes, or extrauterine metastases at laparotomy.

34 t initial peritoneal drainage and 76 initial laparotomy.

35 umor at serial CA-125 analysis or subsequent laparotomy.

36 with apparent stage I endometrial cancer at laparotomy.

37 sis of results of computed tomography and/or laparotomy.

38 e with observation and underwent therapeutic laparotomy.

39 s of peritoneal adhesions, appendectomy, and laparotomy.

40 rgical field that were not identified during laparotomy.

41 ing PPP at 20, 15, 10, 5, and 0 mmHg, and in laparotomy.

42 The primary outcome was conversion to open laparotomy.

43 f which 2 "symptomatic patients" died before laparotomy.

44 -four of 636 trauma patients (15%) underwent laparotomy.

45 improvement in pulmonary dynamics following laparotomy.

46 s, Degos disease, endoscopy, laparoscopy and laparotomy.

47 cord injury with an AGSW underwent immediate laparotomy.

48 herapeutic, 2 nontherapeutic, and 1 negative laparotomy.

49 rgical management, and reduce nontherapeutic laparotomy.

50 ntly more mean QALYs per patient than direct laparotomy (0.346 versus 0.337).

51 ma patients, underwent 2148 operations (1824 laparotomy, 100 thoracotomy, 30 sternotomy, and 97 combi

52 to severe postoperative adverse events than laparotomy (14% v 21%, respectively; P < .0001) but simi

53 Of the 20 laparotomies, 16 (80.0%) were therapeutic.

54 retained sponges in 11 (0.5%) patients (81.8%laparotomy, 18.2% sternotomy) before cavitary closure.

55 essfully observed, with 20 (11.3%) requiring laparotomy, 2 (1.1%) thoracotomy, and 1 (0.6%) sternotom

56 Study groups (n=6) had 1) sham laparotomy, 2) ischemia reperfusion (IR), 3) IPC with 5

57 Sixty infants who underwent laparotomy (27%) experienced a complication, and 67(35%)

58 ty-five patients (18.1%) underwent immediate laparotomy, 27 (10.8%) had superficial injuries allowing

59 s compared with 22 of 62 infants assigned to laparotomy (35.5 percent, P=0.92).

60 cifically, 7 patients (2.7%) did not undergo laparotomy, 4 (1.5%) had more extensive hepatic surgery,

61 ,790) were appendectomy (39.9%), exploratory laparotomy (8.8%), and adhesiolysis (6.6%).

62 jected to sham operation, trauma-hemorrhage (laparotomy, 90 minutes hemorrhagic shock, MAP 35 +/- 5 m

63 At emergency laparotomy, a herniated loop of ileum that had become st

64 A further 61 patients avoided laparotomy after CT confirmed extra-abdominal wounds onl

65 Mortality among those requiring laparotomy after transfer was 33%.

66 aring for patients undergoing damage control laparotomy after trauma.

67 Rats were randomized to laparotomy alone (control) or implantation of fecal agar

68 later, groups were subdivided and underwent laparotomy alone (two kidneys), nephrectomy alone (one k

69 copic surgery for risk of conversion to open laparotomy among patients undergoing resection for recta

70 Of the 314 patients who underwent laparotomy, an additional 75 had unresectable disease du

71 lication rates were 12.9% (318 of 2465) with laparotomy and 9.6% (88 of 921 patients) with laparoscop

72 T-H was induced by midline laparotomy and approximately 90 min of hemorrhagic shock

73 Trauma-hemorrhage was induced by a midline laparotomy and approximately 90 minutes of hemorrhagic s

74 jor surgical staging procedures (including a laparotomy and at least an oophorectomy and omental biop

75 xty-eight women had residual tumor proved at laparotomy and biopsy or at clinical follow-up.

76 Mice and rats underwent laparotomy and bowel manipulation; bowel tissues were co

77 outcomes of primary peritoneal drainage with laparotomy and bowel resection in preterm infants with p

78 red to trauma-hemorrhage and hemorrhage with laparotomy and femur fracture, induced a loss of circula

79 arotomy (trauma-hemorrhage), hemorrhage with laparotomy and femur fracture, or laparotomy with ceceto

80 Conversion from laparoscopy to open laparotomy and from laparoscopy to hand-assisted approac

81 Furthermore, he had undergone exploratory laparotomy and gastric surgery for peptic ulcer disease

82 son, Mickulicz, and Moynihan began to deploy laparotomy and gauze drainage in an effort to salvage pa

83 conventional abdominal site, but it avoids a laparotomy and handling of the bowels making it less inv

84 Male rats underwent laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (40 mm Hg for 90 minute

85 Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 5-cm laparotomy and hemorrhagic shock (40 mm Hg for approxima

86 Each underwent laparotomy and measurement of baseline gastric fundus bl

87 erative ileus in both species was induced by laparotomy and mild compression (running) of the small i

88 Imaging was performed before laparotomy and on a weekly basis thereafter for up to 28

89 Four groups of 5 pigs each underwent laparotomy and open intraperitoneal chemotherapy with ox

90 id not significantly affect QoL in emergency laparotomy and pancreatectomy.

91 Open laparotomy and rectal resection (n = 237) or laparoscopi

92 ictive value that are comparable to those of laparotomy and superior to those of serum CA-125 values

93 The fishbone was extracted through laparotomy and the abscess was drained.

94 There were no conversions to laparotomy and the postoperative course was uneventful i

95 ate between patients requiring a therapeutic laparotomy and those who could be safely observed.

96 Pregnant New Zealand White rabbits underwent laparotomy and were injected with 20 and 30 microg/kg of

97 ere adult patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy and were randomized into the intervention or

98 njuries, were successfully managed without a laparotomy and without any abdominal complication.

99 re were 309 recurrences (210 laparoscopy; 99 laparotomy) and 350 deaths (229 laparoscopy; 121 laparot

100 325 g) underwent soft tissue trauma (midline laparotomy) and hemorrhagic shock (mean blood pressure 3

101 PN, short bowel syndrome requiring multiple laparotomies, and recurrent sepsis.

102 The patient underwent laparotomy, and a 3.5-cm mass was resected with negative

103 e included if they were operated via midline laparotomy, and had an abdominal aortic aneurysm or a bo

104 common surgical conditions of appendicitis, laparotomy, and hernia had no mentions at all.

105 e positive predictive values for MR imaging, laparotomy, and serum CA-125 values were 98%, 100%, and

106 iagnosis of single intestinal perforation at laparotomy (aOR 3.1 95% CI 1.05-9.3), and necessity to p

107 Changes in pulmonary dynamics following laparotomy are well documented.

108 surgery procedures, and 43% of non-obstetric laparotomies at three separate hospitals.

109 18-44 years of age undergoing laparoscopy or laparotomy at 14 participating clinical centers from 200

110 survived 4 days or more after urgent trauma laparotomy at a level I trauma center revealed 524 patie

111 ed tomography, diagnostic peritoneal lavage, laparotomy, autopsy, and/or clinical course for intra-ab

112 phy [CT]), repeat US, other diagnostic test, laparotomy, autopsy, clinical course).

113 ancer, but many patients undergo unnecessary laparotomy because tumours can be understaged by compute

114 l-cause 30-day mortality following emergency laparotomy between populations from New York State and E

115 was to compare mortality following emergency laparotomy between populations from New York State and E

116 On exploratory laparotomy, both patients showed clinical evidence of ac

117 Sham controls underwent laparotomy but not cecal ligation and incision.

118 epicted residual tumor that was not found at laparotomy but was proved at subsequent biopsy or clinic

119 The sham animals underwent laparotomy but without cecum ligation and puncture.

120 Control animals underwent identical laparotomy but without ligation and cecum puncture.

121 estinal ischemia-reperfusion than after sham laparotomy, but this increase in lipid peroxidation was

122 y the laparoscopic approach as compared with laparotomy, but those patients undergoing a Collis gastr

123 tandardized procedure of closing the midline laparotomy by using a "small steps" technique of continu

124 tandardized procedure of closing the midline laparotomy by using a "small steps" technique of continu

125 nal aortic aneurysm repair through a midline laparotomy (Clinical.Trials.gov: NCT00757133).

126 hylactic mesh-augmented reinforcement during laparotomy closure has been proposed in patients at high

127 necessary esophagectomies and 16 explorative laparotomies compared with an endoscopy-alone algorithm.

128 difference between groups for conversions to laparotomy, complications, re-operations, or re-admissio

129 Urgent laparotomy confirmed extensive nonocclusive mesenteric i

130 symptoms attributable to malrotation in whom laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis (0.24%).

131 e to model critical illness (n = 16) or sham laparotomy (control) (n = 8).

132 ound995) were offset by avoiding unnecessary laparotomy costs.

133 Damage control laparotomy (DCL) is established in military and civilian

134 The primary outcome was futile laparotomy, defined as a PCS with residual disease of >

135 Up to 30% of all patients undergoing laparotomy develop an incisional hernia.

136 All patients who underwent therapeutic laparotomy did so based on their physical examination.

137 Exploratory laparotomy, discontinuation of propofol infusion.

138 G-PS) develop bowel inflammation 1 day after laparotomy (early phase) and fibrosis starting 14 days a

139 Abdominal laparotomy evokes local release of glutamate that result

140 At the time of laparotomy, extensive cirrhosis was found and resection

141 CT findings and emergent laparotomy findings were both compatible with small bowe

142 uma-hemorrhagic shock in rats was induced by laparotomy followed by blood withdrawal to achieve a mea

143 e and contamination control with abbreviated laparotomy followed by resuscitation before definitive r

144 underwent blood flow measurement on initial laparotomy, followed by harvesting of esophagogastric ju

145 When laparotomy following diagnostic laparoscopy occurred in

146 ncer (but not in periampullary cancer), when laparotomy following diagnostic laparoscopy occurs in a

147 due to infarct and abscess for 1 patient and laparotomy for 2 patients (with necrotic small-bowl rese

148 ions pose some risk to the fetus, especially laparotomy for abdominal tumours and procedures undertak

149 A total of 4163 patients underwent laparotomy for ASBO.

150 objective was to compare laparoscopy versus laparotomy for comprehensive surgical staging of uterine

151 all patients older than 18 years undergoing laparotomy for emergency open bowel surgery between Apri

152 atients (3%) underwent this resection during laparotomy for hepatic artery infusion pump placement.

153 The patient was taken for an emergency laparotomy for indication of acute generalized peritonit

154 ther 12 animals were euthanized 2 days after laparotomy for kidney histology.

155 The conversion rate to laparotomy for laparoscopic patients was 8%.

156 noninferiority of laparoscopy compared with laparotomy for recurrence after surgical staging of uter

157 en open (laparostomy) is an option following laparotomy for severe abdominal sepsis or trauma.

158 ives were screened and underwent exploratory laparotomy for suspected tumors.

159 d tomography (CT) after emergent exploratory laparotomy for trauma and whether identification of such

160 ion Performing CT after emergent exploratory laparotomy for trauma is useful in identifying unexpecte

161 c CT within 48 hours of emergent exploratory laparotomy for trauma.

162 age group and 16 of 40 (40.0 percent) in the laparotomy group (P=0.53).

163 The healed (sham) laparotomy group expressed an intermediate phenotype bet

164 However, ornithine levels in the laparotomy group showed a more drastic decrease at the e

165 lline levels were significantly lower in the laparotomy group than in the vulvectomy group, whereas b

166 uggested that surgical trauma stimulates the laparotomy group to consume significantly more ornithine

167 anomalies and therefore underwent imaging or laparotomy (group C).

168 milar in the primary peritoneal-drainage and laparotomy groups (126+/-58 days and 116+/-56 days, resp

169 iver myeloid DCs following BDL, but not sham laparotomy, had increased Ag uptake in vivo, high IL-6 s

170 Controls were uninjured and sham laparotomy (healed) groups.

171 Three months after laparotomy, her liver function had recovered, with resol

172 "ortho*", "trauma", "cancer", "appendic*", "laparotomy", "HIV", "tuberculosis", and "malaria" and in

173 tic laparoscopy reduced the number of futile laparotomies in patients with suspected advanced-stage o

174 ch was laparoscopic in 58 patients, via open laparotomy in 12, and a thoracotomy in 34 patients.

175 aced 2 cm apart] electrodes) were created at laparotomy in 15 female pigs.

176 he DLs and thereby obviated a nontherapeutic laparotomy in 55.9% of patients with unresectable diseas

177 All patients had a midline laparotomy in an emergency setting.

178 ditory-cued fear memory was not disrupted by laparotomy in either age group.

179 ity at 30 days is higher following emergency laparotomy in England as compared with New York State de

180 Patients undergoing emergency laparotomy in England had significantly higher risk of m

181 ed survival, complications, need for delayed laparotomy in observed patients, and length of hospital

182 Results of endoscopy and laparotomy in our patient with malignant atrophic papulo

183 ar mesh-augmented reinforcement of a midline laparotomy in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm is

184 ciated with ICP elevation, and decompressive laparotomy in patients with concurrent elevations in IAP

185 Diagnostic laparoscopy prior to laparotomy in patients with CT-resectable cancer appears

186 aparoscopy prior to laparotomy versus direct laparotomy in patients with pancreatic and periampullary

187 injured civilian patients requiring emergent laparotomy in the United States.

188 Failing midline laparotomy incisions developed into incisional hernias.

189 Five patients (16.6%) required conversion to laparotomy, including 2 using hybrid technique.

190 LPS, both under ultrasound guidance and via laparotomy, induced delivery earlier than in PBS control

191 At laparotomy, innumerable characteristic lesions with cent

192 A mini-laparotomy is done to mobilize the spleen and transpose

193 n in patients with low rectal cancer because laparotomy is not necessary due to transanal specimen ex

194 sed risk of complications, if an exploratory laparotomy is not performed emergently.

195 ive diagnosis in patients undergoing initial laparotomy (kappa = 0.85).

196 Trauma management strategies such as laparotomy, laparoscopy, endoscopy, computed tomographic

197 y phase) and fibrosis starting 14 days after laparotomy (late phase).

198 fatal necrotising enterocolitis confirmed by laparotomy, leading to death, or both.

199 ndex, concomitant sleep apnea, conversion to laparotomy, longer operation time, a combination of butt

200 Postoperative ileus (POI) following laparotomy may increase morbidity and extend hospitaliza

201 inage resolved 2 (6%) cases, and 34 required laparotomy (mean [SD], 4 [7]).

202 cannulation plus laparotomy) or T-H (midline laparotomy, mean blood pressure 35 +/- 5 mmHg for 90 min

203 mune responses observed in the more-invasive laparotomy model of inflammation-induced PTB.

204 PI was created using a standard laparotomy model.

205 onitic, or eviscerated proceeded directly to laparotomy (n = 249).

206 subjected to either T/HS or sham shock with laparotomy (n = 3-5 per group).

207 mined in 600 women who underwent laparoscopy/laparotomy (n = 473: operative cohort) or pelvic magneti

208 ug) under ultrasound guidance (n = 7) or via laparotomy (n = 7).

209 s with acute peritonitis underwent emergency laparotomy: number of perforations, distance of perforat

210 Futile laparotomy occurred in 10 (10%) of 102 patients in the l

211 Conversion to laparotomy occurred in 67 procedures (12%).

212 subjected to sham operation (cannulation or laparotomy only or cannulation plus laparotomy) or T-H (

213 Control animals underwent laparotomy only.

214 term observation up to 14 months (M14) after laparotomy or after OVX-Diet, with intermediate time poi

215 a) and wild-type mice were subjected to sham laparotomy or cecal ligation and puncture.

216 weight (ELBW) infants who underwent initial laparotomy or drainage for necrotizing enterocolitis (NE

217 Whether to perform laparotomy or drainage initially is controversial.

218 ted rats subjected to either sham shock with laparotomy or T/HS.

219 ation or laparotomy only or cannulation plus laparotomy) or T-H (midline laparotomy, mean blood press

220 ate of 11.4% with laparoscopy and 10.2% with laparotomy, or a difference of 1.14% (90% lower bound, -

221 e: 12-34) for patients undergoing definitive laparotomy (P = 0.016).

222 mortality were rupture (P<0.0001), need for laparotomy (P<0.008), acute renal failure (P<0.0001), ne

223 Adult patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy participated in postoperative deep breathing

224 as significantly lower in laparoscopy versus laparotomy patients (52% v 94%, respectively; P < .0001)

225 oved in 8% of laparoscopy patients and 4% of laparotomy patients (P < .0001).

226 6-week postsurgery period, as compared with laparotomy patients.

227 s seen (17% of laparoscopy patients v 17% of laparotomy patients; P = .841).

228 All emergency laparotomies performed from 2009 to 2013 served as refer

229 The T/HS model consisted of a laparotomy plus 90 mins of shock (mean arterial pressure

230 ur groups of male rats were studied: trauma (laparotomy) plus sham shock, trauma-sham shock plus lymp

231 red similar mean costs per patient to direct laparotomy ( pound7470 versus pound7480); diagnostic lap

232 he surgical technique adopted at the initial laparotomy: primary repair (Group A) or intestinal resec

233 te and course of the needle (with or without laparotomy) proved to be necessary for procedural succes

234 AE: 96 minutes; P < 0.001) and conversion to laparotomy rate (TVAE: 0% vs TGAE: 5.6%; P < 0.023) were

235 creas transplantation resulted in a negative laparotomy rate of 43%, but permitted graft salvage in 4

236 The negative laparotomy rate was 3.9%.

237 Secondary outcomes were unnecessary laparotomy rates and mortality.

238 e scheduled to undergo surgical resection by laparotomy received a single intravenous infusion of 185

239 ngth of stay, conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy, recurrence-free survival, site of recurrence

240 Yet, the benefits of laparoscopy over laparotomy regarding PPCs remain unknown.

241 In contrast, by 4 years, surgery for laparotomy-related complications was more likely among p

242 ar repair but are balanced by an increase in laparotomy-related reinterventions and hospitalizations

243 Of the 69 patients submitted to laparotomy, resection was possible in 55% and the curati

244 exploration, and eight of them had negative laparotomy results, yielding an NLR of 30% and a PR of 2

245 nts, MR findings were normal, and subsequent laparotomy revealed small-volume residual tumor.

246 tained, prehospital times, location of first laparotomy (Role 3 or forward), use of DCL or definitive

247 urgery, it is well documented that a midline laparotomy should be closed with a slowly absorbable mon

248 FD-embedded disposables was $0.17 for a 4X18 laparotomy sponge and $0.46 for a 10 pack of 12ply, 4X8.

249 Role 3 or forward), use of DCL or definitive laparotomy, subsequent surgical details, resource utiliz

250 After laparotomy, the patient developed liver insufficiency ma

251 In patients with abdominal decompression by laparotomy, there was no difference in mortality (adjust

252 Of the 13 patients undergoing delayed laparotomy, there were 10 therapeutic, 2 nontherapeutic,

253 h failed nonoperative management and delayed laparotomy, there were no complications.

254 ive dysfunction (POCD) in aged rats, we used laparotomy to mimic human abdominal surgery in adult (3

255 l intensivists would never use decompression laparotomy to treat abdominal compartment syndrome compa

256 The rats were subjected to a laparotomy (trauma) and 90 mins of hemorrhagic shock or

257 n via femoral artery cannulation followed by laparotomy (trauma-hemorrhage), hemorrhage with laparoto

258 ehavior, in mice to determine the effects of laparotomy under isoflurane anesthesia (Anesthesia/Surge

259 It then "developed" into abbreviated laparotomy using "rapid conservative operative technique

260 age, body mass index, and history of midline laparotomy using Pearson's correlation coefficient and m

261 ctiveness of diagnostic laparoscopy prior to laparotomy versus direct laparotomy in patients with pan

262 Future randomized trials that compare laparotomy versus drainage would likely benefit from str

263 tly differ between groups undergoing initial laparotomy versus initial drainage.

264 ted hazard ratio for laparoscopy relative to laparotomy was 1.14 (90% lower bound, 0.92; 95% upper bo

265 The overall rate of conversion to open laparotomy was 10.1%: 19 of 236 patients (8.1%) in the r

266 Increasing use of DC laparotomy was followed by growing reports of postinjury

267 MuOR endocytosis induced by abdominal laparotomy was inhibited significantly by NMDA-receptor

268 Laparotomy was necessary in 12%; the remainder had endos

269 An exploratory abdominal laparotomy was negative for traumatic injury.

270 A 70% hepatectomy or sham laparotomy was performed in wild-type or MMP-9-deficient

271 A laparotomy was performed on the sows at 50 days gestatio

272 re and antibiotics; percutaneous drainage or laparotomy was performed when indicated.

273 of cancer recurrence with laparoscopy versus laparotomy was quantified and found to be small, providi

274 Conversion from laparoscopy to laparotomy was secondary to poor visibility in 246 patie

275 The most common finding leading to laparotomy was the development of peritonitis in 70%.

276 When laparotomy was undertaken in the same admission as diagn

277 ith an open abdomen following damage control laparotomy was used to identify patients who developed E

278 gh doses of TNF (7.5 mug intraperitoneally), laparotomies were performed and segments of small intest

279 diagnostic peritoneal lavage and exploratory laparotomy were commonly utilized to diagnose intraabdom

280 th elective and emergency) through a midline laparotomy were divided into 2 groups.

281 d for any gastrointestinal emergency midline laparotomy were included until October 2015.

282 s interventions for complications related to laparotomy were more common after open repair.

283 0 and November 2012, 608 patients undergoing laparotomy were randomized at 16 centers across Germany.

284 y) and 13 patients undergoing major surgery (laparotomy) were prospectively followed up for 4 days.

285 e 56 (6.7%) deaths and 29 (3.5%) unnecessary laparotomies, whereas in the latter NOM group, 82 (30.1%

286 Of these, 834 (75.4%) underwent immediate laparotomy, whereas 272 (24.6%) were selected for NOM.

287 ecificity, 88%; accuracy, 89%) compared with laparotomy, which demonstrated residual tumor in 60 pati

288 btle and nonspecific, whereas laparascopy or laparotomy will reveal pathognomic lesions on the serosa

289 ileal segments of guinea pig after abdominal laparotomy with and without pretreatment with NMDA-recep

290 + resection (24%), 57 RFA only (14%), and 70 laparotomy with biopsy only or arterial infusion pump pl

291 rs to undergo primary peritoneal drainage or laparotomy with bowel resection.

292 rhage with laparotomy and femur fracture, or laparotomy with cecetomy and femur fracture with muscle

293 er isoflurane anesthesia, POI was induced by laparotomy with intestinal manipulation.

294 Although laparotomy with resection remains the treatment of choic

295 ligation and double puncture (2CLP) or sham laparotomy without cecal ligation or puncture (sham).

296 Mice receiving laparotomy without clamping served as sham-operated cont

297 ic properties and may contribute to the high laparotomy wound failure rate observed following incisio

298 SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Laparotomy wounds are associated with high rates of SSI.

299 se of negative pressure dressings for closed laparotomy wounds significantly reduces the incidence of

300 urgical site infection (SSI) rates in closed laparotomy wounds.