ライフサイエンスコーパス: lobula

1 ir dendrites in a defined dorsal part of the lobula.

2 from columnar neurons of the medulla and the lobula.

3 s to palisades of small-field neurons in the lobula.

4 e medulla with both the lobula plate and the lobula.

5 arated from color-processing pathways to the lobula.

6 at their terminals in the third neuropil, or lobula.

7 roximately 16 R7 signals for transfer to the lobula, a higher visual center.

8 05 morphologically identified neurons in the lobula, a major visual processing structure of bumblebee

9 tation-selective neurons at the level of the lobula and lateral protocerebrum and with respect to the

10 that have restricted dendritic fields in the lobula and lobula plate of the optic lobes.

11 medulla, to direction-selective cells in the lobula and lobula plate.

12 lls, each of which has dendrites in both the lobula and the lobula plate.

13 ich segregate to, but are not shared by, the lobula and the lobula plate.

14 1 dendrites innervate multiple layers of the lobula, and each dendrite spans enough columns to sample

15 ent types of neurons of the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate.

16 c fields in the optic lobes, the medulla and lobula, and the organization of their terminals in the c

17 tions received from the medulla and from the lobula, and the presence of large tangential neurons exi

18 ransmedullary neurons at T5 dendrites in the lobula, and the presence there of local GABA-immunoreact

19 ndritic processes of the LGMD1 and -2 in the lobula are localised to discrete regions, allowing the d

20 c targets of the chromatic Tm neurons in the lobula are not known, however.

21 ypothesize that the anatomical layers of the lobula are the structural basis for the segregation of v

22 ewly identified recurrent neuron linking the lobula back to the inner medulla demonstrate that the lo

23 side, while input neurons arriving from the lobula branch only in one.

24 ell having a clearly defined terminal in the lobula, but having dendrite-like processes in the medull

25 Here we characterize lobula columnar (LC) cells, a class of Drosophila VPNs t

26 Y (TmY), Y, lobula-complex intrinsic (Lccn), lobula columnar (Lcn), lobula plate intrinsic (Lpi), and

27 population of visual projection neurons-the lobula columnar 16 (LC16) cells-that respond to looming

28 ecialized object detector in Drosophila, the lobula columnar neuron LC11 [4].

29 ctive looming detecting neuron, lobula plate/lobula columnar, type II (LPLC2) in Drosophila, and show

30 bodera basalis, with particular focus on the lobula complex (LOX).

31 Each of these lobula complex cells represents a morphologically identi

32 Dye fills demonstrate that lobula complex neurons supplying glomeruli do not genera

33 the lobula, there is an additional class of lobula complex output neurons.

34 al types of columnar output neurons from the lobula complex sort out to specific glomeruli.

35 Five or six 5-HTi neurones connect the lobula complex with the medulla, and at least 50 5-HTi n

36 d tangential neuron that is intrinsic to the lobula complex, and representatives of the Tm- and Y-cel

37 processes from the protocerebrum supply the lobula complex, and two large 5-HTi processes from the p

38 retinotopic map in both the medulla and the lobula complex, generating four overlapping topographic

39 The lobula plate is part of the lobula complex, the third optic neuropil, in the optic l

40 ls that may converge in both the medulla and lobula complex.

41 cerebrum, the mushroom body calyces, and the lobula complex.

42 ors to large motion-sensitive neurons in the lobula complex.

43 nsmedullary (Tm), transmedullary Y (TmY), Y, lobula-complex intrinsic (Lccn), lobula columnar (Lcn),

44 A second class of outputs from the lobula comprises wide-field neurons, the dendrites of wh

45 e from the medulla in a special layer of the lobula containing the dendrites of directionally selecti

46 , resulting in cell mixing across the lamina/lobula cortex boundary.

47 a glia, while the distal cell neurons in the lobula cortex express all three Drosophila Robos.

48 invasion of Robo-expressing neurons from the lobula cortex.

49 t cellular composition of the lamina and the lobula cortex.

50 ck to the inner medulla demonstrate that the lobula discriminates nondirectional edge motion from fli

51 The lobula giant motion detector (LGMD) in the locust visual

52 The lobula giant motion detector (LGMD) is a wide-field bila

53 In a locust neuron called the lobula giant motion detector (LGMD), the biophysical bas

54 The Lobula Giant Movement Detector (LGMD) is a higher-order

55 The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) is such a visual n

56 The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron in the locu

57 The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) responds preferent

58 The lobula giant movement detector (LGMD1 and -2) neurons in

59 In locusts, two lobula giant movement detector neurons (LGMDs) act as lo

60 We investigated an identified neuron (the lobula giant movement detector, LGMD, of locusts) whose

61 project to the midbrain, the monostratified lobula giants type 1 (MLG1), form a system of 16 retinot

62 ual projection neurons LT11 and LC14 and the lobula intrinsic neurons Li3 and Li4 as synaptic targets

63 However, in certain insects, the lobula is accompanied by a tectum-like fourth neuropil,

64 ndritic inputs confined to one or two of six lobula layers.

65 ptic lobe neuropils-the lamina, medulla, and lobula-linked by chiasmata has been used to support argu

66 of retinotopic lobula plate-lobula (LPL) and lobula-lobula plate (LLP) cells, each of which has dendr

67 roup is composed of retinotopic lobula plate-lobula (LPL) and lobula-lobula plate (LLP) cells, each o

68 Lobula neurons are more prominent in the basal ring, whe

69 Lobula neurons exhibit physiological characteristics com

70 c Tm neurons and 28 known and novel types of lobula neurons, we identify anatomically the visual proj

71 most layer of the collar receives input from lobula neurons.

72 L. maderae, including the central body, the lobula of the optic lobe, and the tritocerebrum.

73 the fine dendrites of the LGMD in the distal lobula, often in large numbers and completely covering t

74 s, we hypothesized that the circuitry of the lobula--one of the four, primary neuropiles of the fly o

75 primitives are unreliably encoded by single lobula output neurons because of high synaptic noise, th

76 This evidence demonstrates that lobula outputs provide a diverse basis set encoding visu

77 cells that connect the medulla with both the lobula plate and the lobula.

78 In the fly lobula plate and the vertebrate visual cortex the output

79 reflect the general structure of the insect lobula plate and, hence, provide support to the notion o

80 y paired odor, and presynaptic inputs to the lobula plate are required for behavioral odor tracking b

81 achromatic, motion-sensitive pathways to the lobula plate are separated from color-processing pathway

82 e to the brain, many output neurons from the lobula plate are separated physically from their counter

83 aphan flies, giant tangential neurons in the lobula plate are supplied by isomorphic arrays of evolut

84 ngential horizontal system (HS) cells of the lobula plate have been prime candidates for long.

85 divisions of the retinotopic pathways to the lobula plate have been suggested from anatomical observa

86 ions and the retinotopic organization of the lobula plate in a crustacean, the crab Neohelice granula

87 The identification of a lobula plate in an isopod crustacean raises the question

88 The lobula plate in the optic lobe of the fly brain is a hig

89 lex intrinsic (Lccn), lobula columnar (Lcn), lobula plate intrinsic (Lpi), and lobula tangential (Lt)

90 The lobula plate is part of the lobula complex, the third op

91 The lobula plate itself is supplied by two major parallel re

92 Within the lobula plate lie a small number of giant neurons that ar

93 In dipteran insects, the lobula plate neuropil provides a major efferent supply t

94 rustacean raises the question of whether the lobula plate of insects and isopods evolved convergently

95 n, three of the Odd neurons project into the lobula plate of the optic lobe, and two of these cells e

96 estricted dendritic fields in the lobula and lobula plate of the optic lobes.

97 The lobula plate of this crab is a small elongated neuropil.

98 e that is also present in calcium signals of lobula plate tangential cell dendrites but not predicted

99 late to the medulla; and a new heterolateral lobula plate tangential cell that collates directional,

100 lls do not resemble any previously described lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in Drosophila.

101 ellular calcium activity in motion-sensitive lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in head-fixed Dros

102 Algorithms were tested on lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in the brain of Dr

103 on-processing pathway, the horizontal-system lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) in the fly optic l

104 We studied this problem in the so-called lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) of the fly.

105 on a set of motion-sensitive neurons called lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs).

106 nputs of well described optic flow-sensitive lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs).

107 the dendrites of wide-field motion-sensitive lobula plate tangential cells by antagonistic transmitte

108 irst demonstrate electrophysiologically that lobula plate tangential cells can be activated and deact

109 we describe a novel neuron class in the fly lobula plate that clearly does not derive its input from

110 de-field motion-selective interneuron of the lobula plate that shares anatomical and physiological si

111 ion-vision-sensitive neurons in the hoverfly lobula plate to quantify responses to stimuli containing

112 d, directionally selective feedback from the lobula plate to the medulla; and a new heterolateral lob

113 We report that lobula plate VS neurons combine inputs from two optical

114 Recently, a lobula plate was also found in malacostracan crustaceans

115 the fly's visual course control center, the lobula plate, 10 so-called vertical system (VS) cells ar

116 Motion-sensitive neurons in the lobula plate, a part of the visual brain, of the fly hav

117 panied by a tectum-like fourth neuropil, the lobula plate, characterized by wide-field tangential neu

118 processes in the medulla and, possibly, the lobula plate, discriminates the direction of motion and

119 The number of layers in the crab's lobula plate, the retinotopic connections received from

120 s called T4 and T5 form a spatial map in the lobula plate, where they each terminate in one of four r

121 We demonstrate novel features of the lobula plate, which previously has been known as a motio

122 This group is composed of retinotopic lobula plate-lobula (LPL) and lobula-lobula plate (LLP)

123 ree neurons fanning their dendrites over the lobula plate.

124 ulla and giant fibers are discernible in the lobula plate.

125 lateral connections between LPTCs within one lobula plate.

126 ich has dendrites in both the lobula and the lobula plate.

127 of giant tangential cell architecture in the lobula plate.

128 tion-specific motion-sensitive levels in the lobula plate.

129 retina to motion-sensitive neuropils of the lobula plate.

130 direction-selective cells in the lobula and lobula plate.

131 neurons of the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate.

132 gnals of motion-sensitive neurons in the fly lobula plate.

133 e motion-sensitive tangential neurons of the lobula plate.

134 tionally selective wide-field neurons in the lobula plate.

135 g wide-field motion-selective neurons in the lobula plate.

136 o, but are not shared by, the lobula and the lobula plate.

137 an ultra-selective looming detecting neuron, lobula plate/lobula columnar, type II (LPLC2) in Drosoph

138 For example, the lobula plates of robber flies, typified by ballistic fli

139 e results demonstrate unambiguously that the lobula receives information about motion and that the ch

140 nar (Lcn), lobula plate intrinsic (Lpi), and lobula tangential (Lt) cell types.

141 ss of motion-sensitive neurons of the crab's lobula that project to the midbrain, the monostratified

142 e onto assemblies of columnar neurons in the lobula, the axons of which segregate to project to discr

143 ed physically from their counterparts in the lobula, there is an additional class of lobula complex o

144 rmation encoded in cells projecting from the lobula to discrete optic glomeruli in the central brain

145 the mushroom bodies, here referred to as the lobula tract.

146 roject axons to a deeper optic neuropil, the lobula, which in insects has been implicated in processi

147 Neurons connecting the lobula with the mushroom bodies have their dendrites in