ライフサイエンスコーパス: luminance

1 der motion energy (spatiotemporal changes in luminance).

2 ng 20% of trials contained a brief change of luminance.

3 ixed but varies with every change of ambient luminance.

4 get differed from the background only by the luminance.

5 they maintained stable responses within each luminance.

6 nued with progressively increasing levels of luminance.

7 ce decrements, independent of the background luminance.

8 to encoding contrast modulations around mean luminance.

9 l features, such as motion energy or (local) luminance.

10 isual system to estimate depth from relative luminance.

11 y tended to fixate points with above-average luminance.

12 is not always predicted by their respective luminance.

13 esented on a gray background of intermediate luminance.

14 als impair spatial vision when combined with luminance.

15 instructed to attend orientation relative to luminance.

16 definition of color as being independent of luminance.

17 nd exhibit small efficiency roll-off at high luminances.

18 retinal sensitivity at scotopic and photopic luminances.

19 cing the blind spot at scotopic and photopic luminances.

20 in M-P streams in macaque: (1) color versus luminance, (2) binocular disparity, (3) luminance contra

21 This percept is related to an object's luminance-a photometric measure of light intensity relev

22 rs using a questionnaire that focused on low luminance activities (LLQ) than one focused on daytime a

23 ts' decline in self-reported problems in low luminance activities emphasizes the importance of questi

24 ity, and results of the Smith-Kettlewell low-luminance acuity test (SKILL).

25 While luminance adaptation can begin at the retinal photorecep

26 c literature shows that background color and luminance affect color perception, previous measurements

27 The joint coding of relative luminance and binocular disparity at the neuronal popula

28 ported joint tuning of V1 cells for relative luminance and binocular disparity is well matched to a p

29 gous association exists between the relative luminance and binocular disparity preferences of neurons

30 Luminance and chromatic components are separated in the

31 estigated with a grating stimulus containing luminance and chromatic components of different spatial

32 We investigated if luminance and chromatic signals comparably sustain proce

33 movements provides the signals for detecting luminance and color edges in natural scenes.

34 aces with averted or directed gaze, with the luminance and color of face stimuli calibrated to select

35 circadian entrainment, and may contribute to luminance and color perception.

36 embedded in complex scenes that vary in both luminance and colour.

37 Luminance and contrast are two major attributes of objec

38 Luminance and contrast information received by visual ne

39 The retina encodes luminance and contrast over a wide range of visual condi

40 in and increased sensitivity of responses to luminance and contrast transmitted through OFF bipolar c

41 primary visual cortex (V1) to stimuli whose luminance and contrast were simultaneously changed by 50

42 This allows them to transmit changes of both luminance and contrast within a visual field at differen

43 e based on local attributes of the stimulus (luminance and contrast), followed by an analytical retin

44 The visual system does this by adapting to luminance and contrast.

45 nvisible stimuli increased with the stimulus luminance and decreased with the stimulus complexity.

46 ages by exaggerating the correlation between luminance and depth.

47 nal cells respond equally well to achromatic luminance and equiluminant color stimuli, analogous to c

48 luded a pre-processing stage involving local-luminance and local-contrast "gain control", a "blob ana

49 Both normal-luminance and low-luminance visual acuities were measure

50 Previous work has shown that luminance and luminance gradients are important in glow

51 rate their responses with small increases in luminance and need bright backgrounds to approach the li

52 opaque depending on the relationship between luminance and perceived 3D surface orientation, (ii) ill

53 and parvocellular ganglion cell responses to luminance and red-green modulations, respectively.

54 des (LEDs) with low turn-on voltages, higher luminance and sharp, color-pure electroluminescence are

55 mains are found with both uniform changes in luminance and single light/dark edges, and include neuro

56 This is accomplished by the introduction of luminance and spatial noise thereby eliminating these tw

57 Here we studied the impact of stimulus luminance and stimulus complexity on the extent of uncon

58 xture envelope, suggesting an interaction of luminance and texture signals.

59 Outstanding luminance and transparency are essential for such "see-t

60 o first-order stimuli, defined by changes in luminance, and global features of second-order stimuli,

61 xture perception, through the interaction of luminance- and texture-based signals.

62 efined form, and to distinguish responses to luminance- and texture-defined form.

63 fluences circuits and functions encompassing luminance as well as spatial information.

64 n of boundaries defined by first-order cues (luminance) as well as second-order cues (contrast, textu

65 s in the upper left quadrant, oscillating in luminance at different frequencies (individual alpha fre

66 isual objects or gaze cause counterchange of luminance at high-contrast borders.

67 isual objects or gaze cause counterchange of luminance at high-contrast borders.

68 g started with dark-adapted eyes and a scene luminance attenuated 8 log units from the maximum attain

69 ings highlight the importance of pattern and luminance based camouflage properties, and the effective

70 on more complex stimulus features than local luminance-based cues was used to classify the novel stim

71 rs similar to those well-established for the luminance-based motion of objects in space are applied t

72 retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which sense luminance both intrinsically and through input from rods

73 m does not only rely on differences in local luminance but can also take into account differences in

74 re often defined, not only by differences in luminance, but also by "second-order" contrast or textur

75 are typically associated with differences in luminance, but discontinuities in texture also play an i

76 position, scalable to a wide range of visual luminance, but with an aspect-ratio and an extent much l

77 uiluminant color stimuli, analogous to color luminance cells described in V1.

78 But how the polarity of luminance change is represented in the activity of corti

79 ject motion does not follow the direction of luminance change.

80 such as contraction, wide-field rotation or luminance change.

81 ional motion information from spatiotemporal luminance changes on the retina.

82 We found that response tuning to luminance changes precedes tuning to contrast changes in

83 eurons, the onset time of response tuning to luminance changes was shorter than that to contrast chan

84 n difficulties seeing at night and under low luminance conditions.

85 ual system that responses are minimal at low luminance contrast and grow and saturate as contrast inc

86 human vision performs spatial integration of luminance contrast energy, where signals are squared and

87 Selective tuning for luminance contrast might support multiple functions, inc

88 monotonic-saturating increase of firing with luminance contrast of the stimulus and are able to adapt

89 Luminance contrast sensitivity and colour vision are con

90 0 hue test (FM 100), and measurements of the luminance contrast sensitivity at 11 spatial frequencies

91 We first measured luminance contrast sensitivity in both eyes and showed t

92 rsus luminance, (2) binocular disparity, (3) luminance contrast sensitivity, (4) peak spatial frequen

93 of the chromatic content in the noise on the luminance contrast threshold was also investigated.

94 Luminance contrast threshold was dependent on the chroma

95 noise saturation conditions and compared to luminance contrast thresholds estimated using the same t

96 In this current study estimate of luminance contrast thresholds were conducted using a nov

97 The luminance contrast thresholds were estimated for differe

98 locations was guided by a different feature (luminance contrast).

99 awareness and severely reduce sensitivity to luminance contrast, especially for high spatial and low

100 ed to mechanisms based solely on local color/luminance contrast, spatial proximity of stimuli, or the

101 pended lawfully on stimulation intensity and luminance contrast.

102 color, especially in conditions of variable luminance contrast.

103 vel salience of the visual stimulus, such as luminance, contrast, and color, but also by high-level t

104 , where each bin corresponds to a particular luminance, contrast, and similarity.

105 of boundaries that are invariant to the cue (luminance, contrast, texture, motion) that defines them.

106 crease their responses roughly linearly with luminance decrements, independent of the background lumi

107 Low-luminance deficit (LLD) was calculated as the difference

108 ally significant correlation between the low-luminance deficit at baseline and the progression of GA

109 ual acuity, low luminance visual acuity, low luminance deficit, contrast sensitivity, light sensitivi

110 e measured throughout the study, and the low-luminance deficits were calculated as the difference bet

111 gles that were defined by either illusory or luminance-defined contours (Experiment 1).

112 cells were selective for the orientation of luminance-defined form; they signaled the orientation of

113 For both illusory and luminance-defined rectangles, key region noise biased a

114 al representations were less robust than for luminance-defined stimuli.

115 chanisms underlying the visual perception of luminance-defined surfaces and the preference for black

116 inance, and other properties of first-order (luminance-defined) stimuli are clustered into a columnar

117 in the water column to remain cryptic at iso-luminance depth.

118 to undescribed vertebrate pathway that links luminance detection to motor output.

119 n backgrounds, by varying contrast along the luminance dimension and along the two cone-opponent colo

120 ent Gabors was modulated along single colour/luminance dimensions or co-modulated along multiple dime

121 ive field organization is to convert spatial luminance discontinuities into synchronous firing events

122 ial noise to mask the use of these cues in a luminance discrimination task.

123 e inverse rationale could also be applied to luminance discrimination, if spatial and chromatic noise

124 Grayscale images, by providing luminance distinct from color, may be informative for as

125 hting show that higher values in an object's luminance distribution are particularly informative abou

126 reated using atypical features (motion-dots, luminance-dots) whose statistical properties control wor

127 ce for motion-dots, but not line-contours or luminance-dots.

128 ontains information about both direction and luminance downstream neurons are faced with the challeng

129 scales describing functional problems in low luminance: driving, emotional distress, mobility, extrem

130 nsistors (LEFETs) that yield EQEs of >8% and luminance efficiencies >28 cd A(-1) are demonstrated.

131 on voltage (3 and 4 V) and exhibited maximum luminance efficiencies of 0.62, 0.57, and 1.9 cd/A and b

132 iode leads to lower turn-on voltages, higher luminance efficiencies, and characteristics comparable t

133 ion products results in coupled phenomena of luminance-efficiency loss and operating-voltage rise.

134 elds, in which inhibition driven by the mean luminance enhances the sensitivity of ganglion cells to

135 trate an operational lifetime to 90% initial luminance estimated at over 20 000 h at 100 cd m(-2) .

136 voke first-order mechanisms exploiting local luminance features.

137 ecting visual patterns defined by changes in luminance (first-order gratings) and those defined by co

138 variation of time to peak and amplitude with luminance flash strength, was preserved.

139 y are well established (e.g., sensitivity to luminance flicker is substantially higher on mean-gray s

140 ue/gray, yellow/gray), as well as achromatic luminance flicker.

141 splayed behavioral responses to increases in luminance, flicker, coarse spatial patterns, and element

142 wide-field neurons respond to low-frequency luminance fluctuations.

143 f features present in the world-contrast and luminance for vision, pitch and intensity for sound-and

144 V responses to flickering light of different luminance, frequency, and wavelength in the inner layer

145 The inner layer responses were dependent on luminance, frequency, and wavelength, whereas the outer

146 ve, forced-choice (4AFC) procedure at screen luminances from 34 to 0.12 cd/m(2) at the fovea and para

147 f different spatial frequency, contrast, and luminance generated by a specialized video card and pres

148 s hypothesis by manipulating the contrast of luminance gradients and the surface geometries to which

149 Previous work has shown that luminance and luminance gradients are important in glow perception [1,

150 We show that (i) identical luminance gradients can appear either translucent or opa

151 Certain repetitive arrangements of luminance gradients elicit the perception of strong illu

152 shown in the inset of the efficiency versus luminance graph.

153 responses to drifting and contrast-reversing luminance gratings as well as contrast modulation gratin

154 pared to responses to standard chromatic and luminance gratings.

155 cellular (MC) cell responses to compound and luminance gratings.

156 nt, small-molecule, green OLEDs with maximum luminance >/=10 000 cd m(-2) , maximum luminous efficien

157 sent spatiotemporally modulated UV and green luminance in any region of the visual field of an awake,

158 dual synapses to compute contrast and encode luminance in biphasic responses to step changes in light

159 ulation responses to abrupt local changes of luminance in cat V1.

160 d decreases) induced by simple light pulses, luminance increases, and naturalistic movies in treated

161 The size III stimulus was a circular luminance increment 26 min arc in diameter, 200 ms in du

162 The spatial arrangement of luminance increments (ON) and decrements (OFF) falling o

163 vertebrates, evidence supports separation of luminance increments and decrements (ON and OFF channels

164 its with ON as well as OFF responses to fast luminance increments.

165 tic constriction of the pupil in response to luminance increments.

166 Moreover, a task- and luminance-independent manipulation of pupil diameter pre

167 t to the SC have been reported to carry only luminance information and not color information.

168 Most neurons carried luminance information in the early response stage, while

169 while all neurons carried both contrast and luminance information in the late response stage.

170 light and improve the efficiency with which luminance information is transmitted.

171 it a turn-on voltage of 2.4 V, and a maximum luminance intensity of 15 960 cd m(-2) at 8.5 V.

172 sponse suggests that cortical processing for luminance is not as slow as previously thought.

173 that during natural viewing the response to luminance is suppressed, leaving a relatively pure motio

174 s are recombined in postreceptoral channels [luminance, L + M; red-green, L - M; blue-yellow, S - (L

175 d temporal frequencies was measured at a dim luminance level (2.6 .

176 ts demonstrated remnant cone vision but at a luminance level 2 log brighter than normal.

177 with scotopically-matched test trials at any luminance level even though they were able to perform co

178 trol participants, passed MLMT at the lowest luminance level tested (1 lux), demonstrating maximum po

179 ched control trials were interleaved at each luminance level to determine the existence of any vision

180 They encode global luminance levels critical for light-mediated non-image f

181 HC feedback will subtract spatially averaged luminance levels from the responses of individual rods t

182 one vision at 5 log attenuation and brighter luminance levels.

183 VOs) are pseudo high-pass letters whose mean luminance matches the background so that they "vanish" w

184 ed with the LC, the results suggest that non-luminance-mediated changes in pupil diameter might refle

185 a, and ability to perform standardised multi-luminance mobility testing (MLMT) within the luminance r

186 ical discrimination conditioning with simple luminance modulated visual stimuli that predicted the pr

187 l relationship between superimposed periodic luminance-modulated (LM) and contrast-modulated (CM) sti

188 n discrimination task involving first-order, luminance-modulated gratings to the contrast-modulated g

189 less selective to contrast-modulated than to luminance-modulated gratings, but respond with broadly s

190 l relationship between superimposed periodic luminance modulation (LM) and contrast modulation (CM) s

191 omponents are separated in the stimulus; the luminance modulation has twice the temporal frequency of

192 second harmonic response was elicited by the luminance modulation in the compound stimulus and showed

193 onger surface-related activation to negative luminance modulation.

194 surement in both the presence and absence of luminance noise can provide important information about

195 When lightness induction was minimized, luminance noise had no consistent influence on shape dis

196 n image (CI) technique has shown that static luminance noise near visually completed contours affects

197 and 74.5 lm W(-1) for power efficiency at a luminance of 1000 cd m(-2) , which maintained the high l

198 ts an estimated LT97 of 2057 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m(-2) , while maintaining an extern

199 nic devices can achieve a non-output coupled luminance of 25,900 cd/m(2) with power efficiencies that

200 RGCs, we used a 1-second 470-nm flash with a luminance of 250 cd/m(2).

201 tors, we used a 1-second 640-nm flash with a luminance of 250 cd/m(2).

202 H3NH3PbBr3/F8/Ca/Ag structure, we achieved a luminance of 364 cd m(-2) at a current density of 123 mA

203 The device is demonstrated with a maximum luminance of 730 cd/m(2) and power efficiency of 1.7 lm/

204 D has a long lifetime of 96 h at its initial luminance of 730 cd/m(2), primarily due to the fact that

205 ticipants attended either the orientation or luminance of a peripheral grating.

206 gh voltage stress, a burst of extremely high luminance of over 30,000 cd/m(2) was observed.

207 (bpy)(+) was used in the emissive layer, the luminance of red-orange-colored light was enhanced by a

208 t affect detection thresholds, including the luminance of the background, the contrast of the backgro

209 finding indicates a causal link between the luminance of the fixated region and the lightness match

210 ns they are also sensitive to changes in the luminance of the stationary stimulus.

211 esponse was highly correlated with the local luminance of the stimulus and was sufficient to effectiv

212 By modulating the luminance of visual stimuli and the amplitude of auditor

213 monstrate operational lifetimes (50% initial luminance) of 36 h at an elevated driving current of 20

214 Straylight casts a veiling luminance on the retina, reducing image contrast and imp

215 ual system must map a large range of surface luminance onto a much smaller range of surface lightness

216 We mimicked changes in background luminance or contrast, respectively, by depolarizing the

217 boundaries defined by differences either in luminance or in texture contrast.

218 IAF and 5 Hz luminance oscillations modulated detection performance a

219 ignal prior light exposure and environmental luminance over long periods of time.

220 Photoreceptors adapt to changes in luminance over multiple time scales ranging from tens of

221 re rare, despite the separation of color and luminance pathways early in the visual system of many sp

222 ich reflect processing in both chromatic and luminance pathways.

223 Color, luminance ("perceived lightness") and pattern informatio

224 oes not generalize to contrast perception or luminance perception.

225 OLEDs reached a peak current efficiency and luminance performance of 48 cd/A and 93,000 cd/m(2), res

226 monstrate a robust modular representation of luminance polarity (ON or OFF) in the superficial layers

227 rrelated stereograms, where dots of opposite luminance polarity are matched between the left- and rig

228 tion of the parallel nature of chromatic and luminance processing in the human retina, the difference

229 considering how color processing complements luminance processing, rather than being independent of i

230 We investigate whether responses on a Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ) in patients with a range o

231 ficulties in daytime activities, and the Low Luminance Questionnaire (LLQ) where items are focused on

232 luminance mobility testing (MLMT) within the luminance range evaluated, were eligible.

233 sion: at a single image location, a stimulus luminance range of 5,905:1 can be mapped onto an extende

234 eories that predict perceived lightness from luminance ratios or Weber contrast.

235 l stimulus presentation regardless of target luminance relative to background, and auditory stimuli a

236 a- and b-waves, but exhibited an altered LP luminance response reminiscent of that observed in BVMD

237 The early luminance response suggests that cortical processing for

238 Faster luminance response time opens up the application of PLED

239 PLED devices with luminance response times of microseconds, a 10(5) fold e

240 tine PLEDs containing PF(PEO)CO(2)Na exhibit luminance response times on the order of tenths of secon

241 mechanism for shaping the biphasic contrast/luminance response.

242 In some cells, these luminance responses were modulated by the direction or o

243 We first replicated the luminance results on human observers and found unexpecte

244 We demonstrate that the luminance sensitivities of these synapses varies over 10

245 avioral counterparts of these parameters are luminance sensitivity, visual acuity, and the inverse of

246 ctory bulb innervate the retina and increase luminance sensitivity.

247 arized light following its conversion into a luminance signal by diattenuating macular structures.

248 d and eye movements incessantly modulate the luminance signals impinging onto the retina during natur

249 Segregation of chromatic and luminance signals in afferent pathways are investigated

250 Luminance signals of each wavelength and color signals p

251 esults strongly suggest that ipRGCs transmit luminance signals retrogradely to the outer retina throu

252 Visual figures are distinguished by luminance signals that produce coherent motion cues as w

253 rection causes these delayed and non-delayed luminance signals to arrive simultaneously at a subseque

254 the retina make little or no contribution to luminance signals, leading to the conclusion that S-cone

255 object contours which are already defined by luminance signals, or are these processes unaffected by

256 When the two squares changed luminance simultaneously in opposite polarities, we dete

257 Here, we show that objects changing in hue, luminance, size, or shape appear to stop changing when t

258 Bipolar cells convey luminance, spatial, and color information from photorece

259 imulus to simultaneously identify colour and luminance specific signals in the human electroretinogra

260 Responses to both color and luminance squares early after stimulus onset were simila

261 Concurrently, through changes in background luminance, stimulus contrast could be set to five differ

262 se results are consistent with chromatic and luminance structure in complex patterns being strictly l

263 he stimulus presentation whereas response to luminance surfaces showed a slow neuronal 'filling-in' o

264 ond to positive (white) and negative (black) luminance surfaces, and the stronger contribution of V1

265 echanisms that compute local contrast, local luminance temporal modulations in the black and white di

266 We measure the relative brightness of mid-luminance test disks embedded in gray-scale images, and

267 cts can be defined by several "cues" (color, luminance, texture, etc.), and humans can integrate sens

268 hat have a dynamic range of light intensity (luminance) that can approach 1,000,000:1 and that often

269 We found a progressive reduction in luminance threshold for transducin translocation in wild

270 s65Dn mice were found to exhibit deficits in luminance threshold, spatial resolution, and contrast th

271 uits that process spatio-temporal changes in luminance to extract visual motion cues have been the fo

272 ir polarity of transmission as a function of luminance to generate a triphasic tuning curve with dist

273 nce detectors and provide a local measure of luminance to regulate functional adaptation in the mamma

274 Even figures that are similar in pattern and luminance to the visual surroundings can be distinguishe

275 veral perceptual dimensions (color, texture, luminance) to improve recognition.

276 We characterized how the luminance-to-lightness mapping changes with stimulus con

277 Across each luminance transition, most ganglion cells exhibited qual

278 h lambda(max) ranging from 680 to 722 nm and luminance up to 135 cd/m(2).

279 The most efficient synapses signaled luminance using just 1 synaptic vesicle per second per d

280 to produce low- cost light source with high luminance, using TADF molecules.

281 early visual processing is the detection of luminance variations, often termed image contrast.

282 y restricted compared with the corresponding luminance variations.

283 compare the progression of self-reported low luminance visibility problems and self-reported visibili

284 study introduces a new method to investigate luminance vision intended for both basic science and cli

285 Both normal-luminance and low-luminance visual acuities were measured throughout the s

286 and 12 months for control participants; low luminance visual acuity was performed at baseline and at

287 anges in best-corrected visual acuity or low luminance visual acuity were identified in all groups ov

288 tions were also measured: visual acuity, low luminance visual acuity, low luminance deficit, contrast

289 ction decline, including microperimetry, low-luminance visual acuity, reading speed assessments, and

290 Microperimetric sensitivity and low luminance visual acuity.

291 l conditions in which the perceived illusory luminance was either eliminated or reduced.

292 showed a much lower correlation to the local luminance, was confined to central parts of the face ima

293 Graded luminance, wavelength, and frequency were investigated.

294 squares, which simultaneously counterchanged luminance, we discovered propagating activity that was s

295 senting a face-like collage of regions whose luminances were changed randomly.

296 The device produces constant luminance when stretched up to an area strain of 1500%.

297 broad range of spatiotemporal modulations of luminance, while varying the distribution of stimulus sp

298 h (time to 80% of the 1,000 cd m(-2) initial luminance) with a chromaticity coordinate of (0.16, 0.31

299 h (time to 80% of the 1,000 cd m(-2) initial luminance) with chromaticity coordinates of [0.15, 0.29]

300 itions has indicated a substantially greater luminance within the uterus than previously thought [5].