ライフサイエンスコーパス: lymphatic

1 llowing fluid to be drawn in through initial lymphatics.

2 icial lateral and superficial intersegmental lymphatics.

3 eral upper arm for localization of nonbreast lymphatics.

4 ses, but its mechanisms are undefined in the lymphatics.

5 ever, the renal medulla is devoid of classic lymphatics.

6 a breached blood-brain barrier or via brain lymphatics.

7 f active drug substances and vaccines to the lymphatics.

8 CD and found that this mouse model had many lymphatic abnormalities reminiscent of human CD.

9 an abnormal connection between conjunctival lymphatic and blood vessels.

10 We found that in 65% of cases, lymphatic and distant metastases arose from independent

11 two different lineage relationships between lymphatic and distant metastases exist in colorectal can

12 th several routes of dissemination including lymphatic and hematogenous.

13 examined zebrafish for the presence of brain lymphatics and found loosely connected endothelial cells

14 ion plays a major role in fluid entry to the lymphatics and is affected by interstitial pressure, our

15 retrograde flow into enlarged paravertebral lymphatics and subpleural lymphatic plexuses that had in

16 ises from an unknown source, spreads via the lymphatics, and targets the lungs.

17 Lymphedema, the most common lymphatic anomaly, involves defective lymphatic valve de

18 Notably, lymphatics are also detectable in the cornea of a patien

19 We argue that to consider the impact of lymphatic biology in any given immunological interaction

20 producible and integrate the complexities of lymphatic biology, stromal variability, chemoattractant

21 asts spontaneously organize into a stable 3D lymphatic capillary network.

22 They shed light on the involvement of these lymphatic changes in immune dysfunctions observed in CD

23 enzymes by LAM cells enables their access to lymphatic channels and likely drives the cystic lung rem

24 tion presumably caused by the obstruction of lymphatic channels or by an abnormal connection between

25 on and invasion, the capacity to exploit the lymphatic circulation as a vehicle for metastasis and ac

26 spatially compartmentalized in the blood and lymphatic circulation, thus comprising a sharp S1P gradi

27 while significantly increasing formation of lymphatic collaterals with minimal systemic absorption.

28 the duodenum through abnormal hepatoduodenal lymphatic communications.

29 inemia promote insulin resistance and impair lymphatic contractile status by reducing glucose uptake,

30 lymphatic vasculature, such as mechanisms of lymphatic contraction (which immunologists traditionally

31 ed on identification and preservation of arm lymphatics, crossover rates, blue node metastases, axill

32 ssel malformations and other conditions with lymphatic defects.

33 Klf2, or Klf4 showed a significantly reduced lymphatic density and impaired lymphatic development.

34 al. demonstrate that central nervous system lymphatics develop in the mouse meninges during early po

35 perties and valvular functions of mesenteric lymphatics, developed a surgical model for vascularized

36 bed early lymphatic development in the fish, lymphatic development at later stages has not been compl

37 lthough several studies have described early lymphatic development in the fish, lymphatic development

38 Here we provide an overview of lymphatic development, the pathophysiology of lymphedema

39 antly reduced lymphatic density and impaired lymphatic development.

40 esponses, and PROX1, the master regulator of lymphatic development.

41 th myeloid (HR, 2.55; P = .014) but not with lymphatic diseases (HR, 1.60; P = .147).

42 nt within the mucosal wall, along with other lymphatic diseases, such as lymphangiogenesis and obstru

43 f inflammation, tumor development, and other lymphatic diseases.

44 In primates, meningeal lymphatics display a typical panel of lymphatic endothel

45 The pathophysiology of lymphatic disruption is unknown, and whether this disrup

46 inflammasome in promoting metastasis via the lymphatics downstream of S1PR1 signaling in macrophages.

47 etter understanding the normal physiology of lymphatic drainage from the central nervous system and p

48 There is a unique system of lymphatic drainage from the CNS to the peripheral lymph

49 isms involved in immune-cell trafficking and lymphatic drainage from the CNS, and we take into accoun

50 of VEGF-C/D trap, which also compromised the lymphatic drainage function.

51 long vessels is likely to substitute for the lymphatic drainage system in other organs.

52 of unrecognized vunerable variations in arm lymphatic drainage within the axilla.

53 e lymphovenous valve morphogenesis, improper lymphatic drainage, defective lymphatic valve maturation

54 sentinel lymph node basin and delineated the lymphatic drainage.

55 in which uncontrolled inflammation promotes lymphatic dysfunction is urgently needed to guide the de

56 apeutics: These would be designed to reverse lymphatic dysfunction, either primary or acquired.

57 ns used in 8 consecutive patients with liver lymphatic embolization and congenital heart disease with

58 e use of lymphangiographic imaging and liver lymphatic embolization as a treatment for PLE.

59 Lymphatic embolization led to improved albumin levels an

60 Lymphatic embolization was successful in patients with t

61 Liver lymphatic embolization with ethiodized oil in 2 patients

62 Of the remaining 6 patients, liver lymphatic embolization with n-butyl cyanoacrylate glue r

63 cardiac surgery, and analyze the outcomes of lymphatic embolization.

64 These brain lymphatic endothelial cells (BLECs) derive from venous e

65 we studied PD-L1 expression in human dermal lymphatic endothelial cells (HDLECs), which play key rol

66 We previously identified lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) as the repository for

67 us cell types across primary mouse and human lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC), and validated the mod

68 In this five-stage protocol, human lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) cocultured with derma

69 We tested the hypothesis that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) exhibit Ca(2+) and el

70 In vitro cultured mouse lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) expressed VitD Recept

71 Transendothelial transport across lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) is commonly considere

72 ess responses in blood endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), only LECs display re

73 2 expression) and human dermal microvascular lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs).

74 essels (blood vascular endothelial cells and lymphatic endothelial cells [LECs]) were exposed to low-

75 l zone and that the S1P transporter SPNS2 on lymphatic endothelial cells generated this gradient.

76 This first report on brain lymphatic endothelial cells in a vertebrate embryo ident

77 Lymphatic endothelial cells lack the Ca(2+) -activated K

78 transgenic mouse models, we demonstrate that lymphatic endothelial cells support the survival of T ce

79 vascular smooth muscle cells, and VEGFR3 in lymphatic endothelial cells were essential for their dev

80 on is strongly downregulated in normal adult lymphatic endothelial cells, but is activated in patholo

81 Lymphatic endothelial cells, for example, directly prese

82 transcripts and protein in keratinocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells, respectively.

83 the production of the main growth factor for lymphatic endothelial cells, VEGFC.

84 tone for the differentiation and function of lymphatic endothelial cells.

85 paracrine activation of the mTOR pathway in lymphatic endothelial cells.

86 ingeal lymphatics display a typical panel of lymphatic endothelial markers by immunohistochemistry.

87 Nature, Mendoza et al. (2017) now show that lymphatic endothelial sphingosine 1-phosphate signals th

88 me points and tested ex vivo in endothelial, lymphatic endothelial, and breast cancer cell migration

89 y deletion of Spns2, either globally or in a lymphatic endothelial-specific manner, creates a circula

90 overns both neutrophil migration through the lymphatic endothelium and luminal crawling.

91 Stimulation of lymphatic endothelium by acetylcholine or a TRPV4 channe

92 neutrophils to crawl along the lumen of the lymphatic endothelium in an ICAM-1/MAC-1-dependent manne

93 Whether complementary signalling occurs in lymphatic endothelium is unknown.

94 endritic cells, mast cells, fibroblasts, and lymphatic endothelium, but keratinocytes were the earlie

95 intracellular Ca(2+) signalling dynamics in lymphatic endothelium, we excised collecting lymphatic v

96 quent crawling along the luminal side of the lymphatic endothelium.

97 r studying cancer cell transmigration across lymphatic endothelium.

98 generated by fluid flow is known to trigger lymphatic expansion and remodeling, the molecular basis

99 ge causes increased fluid flow that triggers lymphatic expansion, which is conceptually similar to hy

100 n settings with a low baseline prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (5%), the triple-drug regimen reduc

101 o continue the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF).

102 Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and onchocerciasis are priorit

103 pects of achieving the global elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) by 2020.

104 neglected tropical diseases (NTD), including lymphatic filariasis (LF), scaled up dramatically after

105 e global communities tasked with eliminating lymphatic filariasis (LF), the underlying cause of eleph

106 ach to larger-scale ivermectin treatment for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis in areas where L

107 tration with ivermectin plus albendazole for lymphatic filariasis cannot be applied in central Africa

108 egy for the elimination of onchocerciasis or lymphatic filariasis has been delayed in Central Africa

109 s potential to accelerate the elimination of lymphatic filariasis if high population coverage of mass

110 n programs for control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in Africa.

111 s administration of albendazole to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in areas where loiasis is co-endemi

112 drug regimen for accelerating elimination of lymphatic filariasis in different epidemiological settin

113 Lymphatic filariasis is targeted for elimination as a pu

114 Lymphatic filariasis, frequently caused from Wuchereria

115 ng hotspots may have been caused by residual lymphatic flow after resection.

116 me (PLPS), and 9 patients (36%) with central lymphatic flow disorder (CLFD), the latter defined as ab

117 Chronic rejection results in increased lymphatic flow from the donor graft to draining lymph no

118 Furthermore, the enhanced lymphatic flow index correlated with an increase in dono

119 graphy lymphoscintigraphy, we quantified the lymphatic flow index following heterotrophic cardiac tra

120 antigen (HY) sex-mismatched heart graft, the lymphatic flow index was significantly increased in comp

121 LFD), the latter defined as abnormal central lymphatic flow, effusions in more than 1 compartment, an

122 t can be used for high resolution studies of lymphatic function and dynamics in models of inflammatio

123 y an opposite effect resulting from impaired lymphatic function in ubiquitous Panx1-deficient mice.

124 gs unveil a pivotal role of Panx1 in linking lymphatic function to lipid metabolism and atherosclerot

125 the molecular basis underlying flow-induced lymphatic growth is unknown.

126 post-operative chylothorax who presented for lymphatic imaging and intervention between July 2012 and

127 This study aimed to report lymphatic imaging findings, determine the mechanism of c

128 jection of isosulfan blue dye into the liver lymphatics in 6 of 7 patients.

129 features and functional status of mesenteric lymphatics in CD.

130 between the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics in CNS disorders and develop new therapeutic

131 ARM allows frequent identification of arm lymphatics in the axilla, which would have been transect

132 l proliferation in tissues distal to site of lymphatic injury contributes to impaired innate and adap

133 ses in patients with lymphedema or following lymphatic injury remain unknown.

134 tion of regulatory T cells in the setting of lymphatic injury restores these critical immune-mediated

135 Sixteen patients underwent lymphatic intervention, including complete TD embolizati

136 mor and LECs, may have a mechanistic role in lymphatic invasion and is a potential novel target in CR

137 al cancer (CRC) and identify determinants of lymphatic invasion.

138 The cause of PLE is unknown, but lymphatic involvement has been suspected.

139 Exact biological factors promoting lymphatic involvement remain elusive, just as the associ

140 Schlemm's canal (SC), a lymphatic-like vessel encircling the anterior portion of

141 New techniques for lymphatic mapping attempt to further simplify the proced

142 lymphangiography in the creation of isolated lymphatic maps in patients with secondary lymphedema.

143 ion DARC MR lymphangiography yields isolated lymphatic maps through nulling of venous contamination,

144 ual hybrid endothelial phenotype, expressing lymphatic markers (prospero homeobox protein 1 and vascu

145 staining was done to verify the presence of lymphatic melanoma infiltration.

146 hematogenous metastasis yet decreases ccRCC lymphatic metastases.

147 ish a role for RORgammat(+)ILC3 in promoting lymphatic metastasis by modulating the local chemokine m

148 e (stage 4), the 3D construct containing the lymphatic microvascular network can be analyzed by micro

149 ural features of native in vivo human dermal lymphatic microvasculature and is stable over many weeks

150 Remarkably, this mouse phenocopies the blood-lymphatic mixing and lethality of CLEC-2 KO models, but

151 und loosely connected endothelial cells with lymphatic molecular signature covering parts of the brai

152 , we hypothesized that insulin resistance in lymphatic muscle cells (LMCs) affects cell bioenergetics

153 of myosin light chain-20, a key regulator of lymphatic muscle contraction, was observed in insulin-re

154 romote rapid conduction of contraction along lymphatic muscle during lymph propulsion.

155 rapid conduction of contraction waves along lymphatic muscle during lymph propulsion.

156 and activation of inflammatory signaling in lymphatic muscle.

157 t relapse can stem from the development of a lymphatic network driven by the production of the main g

158 for LYVE-1 and show that transit through the lymphatic network is initiated by the recognition of leu

159 Despite its importance, the assembly of the lymphatic network is still not fully understood.

160 itro method for the generation of a 3D human lymphatic network within native connective tissue devoid

161 TD) branch, 14 patients (56%) with pulmonary lymphatic perfusion syndrome (PLPS), and 9 patients (36%

162 rged paravertebral lymphatics and subpleural lymphatic plexuses that had incompetent lymphatic valves

163 Pleural mesothelium overlying the lymphatic plexuses underwent exfoliation that increased

164 nism by which laminar shear stress activates lymphatic proliferation.

165 mpaired lymphangiogenesis, and dysfunctional lymphatic pumping.

166 Whereas lymphatic regeneration occurs physiologically in wound h

167 Our findings provide key insights into lymphatic remodeling in the TNFDeltaARE mouse model.

168 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based lymphatic reporter mouse, where EGFP is expressed under

169 Here, we report development of a novel lymphatic reporter rat using the mouse Prox1-EGFP BAC.

170 model will contribute to the advancement of lymphatic research as a valuable experimental resource.

171 Lymphatic signal was partially attenuated (median 45% de

172 LNs and formed gradients extending from the lymphatic sinuses, with reduced abundance in the deep LN

173 sport mechanisms substantially contribute to lymphatic solute transport and that solute uptake occurs

174 r transcellular pathways may be important in lymphatic solute transport.

175 Pan-endothelial- and lymphatic-specific Hk2 knockouts phenocopy blood and/or

176 0.001) and less likely to have only distant lymphatic spread (P = 0.004).

177 lcium reporter GCaMP3 unexpectedly inhibited lymphatic sprouting, presumably by disturbing calcium si

178 ver, Dtx3l loss of function led to defective lymphatic sprouting, while Dtx3l gain of function rescue

179 r flow-induced shear stress to activation of lymphatic sprouting.

180 ar mechanism underlying laminar flow-induced lymphatic sprouting.

181 uts of Orai1 and Klf2 also markedly impaired lymphatic sprouting.

182 ictional force characteristic of flow in the lymphatics stimulates YAP1 to drive cancer cell migratio

183 1-positive blood vessels, in LYVE-1-positive lymphatic structures, and in CD11b-positive tumor macrop

184 y, we harness the draining properties of the lymphatic system and show that also non-linked VLPs are

185 chanisms regulating their migration into the lymphatic system are still poorly understood.

186 dysfunctions observed in CD and suggest the lymphatic system as new target for therapeutic options.

187 The lymphatic system controls fluid homeostasis and the clea

188 m]; 1.17 [1.06-1.29]; p=0.001) and blood and lymphatic system disorders (114 [0.88% per annum] vs 80

189 The mechanisms by which the lymphatic system extracts fluid from these tissues again

190 d escape of bacteria from the colon into the lymphatic system in a dextran sodium sulfate mediated mo

191 The lymphatic system in teleost fish has genetic and develop

192 or of neutrophil trafficking into and within lymphatic system in vivo.

193 This specialization of the lymphatic system is associated with fish in the family S

194 The lymphatic system is essential for the maintenance of tis

195 The major function of the lymphatic system is to drain interstitial fluid from tis

196 venous sinuses, recapitulates the meningeal lymphatic system of rodents.

197 Here, we show that the lymphatic system of tunas functions in swimming hydrodyn

198 The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the alloimmune

199 The lymphatic system plays a key role in tissue fluid homeos

200 of cannabinoids recovered in the intestinal lymphatic system, but not in plasma, were substantially

201 al origins similar to those of the mammalian lymphatic system, which is involved in immune response a

202 emonstrate that the lens is connected to the lymphatic system, with LYVE(+) labeling reaching the len

203 velopmental and/or functional defects in the lymphatic system.

204 e established an in vitro system to evaluate lymphatic TEM for various cell types across primary mous

205 This model for lymphatic TEM for various migrating and endothelial cell

206 an yield information on the structure of the lymphatics, the function following cardiac transplantati

207 center T follicular helper cells (GCTfh) in lymphatic tissue are critical for B cell differentiation

208 with Ag-specific activation as it occurs in lymphatic tissue.

209 cells first settle in secondary (2 degrees ) lymphatic tissues (e.g., the spleen) where, in the absen

210 cells and mouse macrophages in the skin and lymphatic tissues of humanized mice.

211 of CD4 memory T cells in blood and secondary lymphatic tissues of these patients.

212 ool for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis-infected lymphatic tissues, we revealed numerous alterations of h

213 n, patrol within tissue, and migrate through lymphatics to draining lymph nodes.

214 Injectable lymphatic tracers have been developed, but their limited

215 n of the DC hyaluronan coat not only delayed lymphatic trafficking of dermal DCs but also blunted the

216 uid accumulation in the cornea, we show that lymphatics transiently and selectively invade the cornea

217 can substantially increase their intestinal lymphatic transport in rats.

218 However, intestinal lymphatic transport of cannabinoids in immunocompromised

219 ic tertiary lymphoid organs and have altered lymphatic transport of dendritic cells to mesenteric lym

220 de flow of chyle from the thoracic duct into lymphatic tributaries with defective valves.

221 relapse (P = 0.303 and 0.471, respectively).Lymphatic tumor spread found in 129 (71.7%) patients was

222 rinsic forces and intrinsic cues to regulate lymphatic valve development.

223 common lymphatic anomaly, involves defective lymphatic valve development; yet the epigenetic modifier

224 esis, improper lymphatic drainage, defective lymphatic valve maturation, and complete lethality.

225 ent; yet the epigenetic modifiers underlying lymphatic valve morphogenesis remain elusive.

226 lood and lymphatic vascular systems, and the lymphatic valves.

227 ural lymphatic plexuses that had incompetent lymphatic valves.

228 pecific Hk2 knockouts phenocopy blood and/or lymphatic vascular defects seen in Fgfr1/Fgfr3 double mu

229 e assembly of the major vessels of the trunk lymphatic vascular network, including the later-developi

230 The lymphatic vascular system is a hierarchically organized

231 ich maintain the separation of the blood and lymphatic vascular systems, and the lymphatic valves.

232 ameliorates lethal aGVHD and identifies the lymphatic vasculature as a novel therapeutic target in t

233 Lymphatic vasculature generated by this approach exhibit

234 The lymphatic vasculature is not considered a formal part of

235 isms mediating cancer cell invasion into the lymphatic vasculature remain little understood.

236 In the lymphatic vasculature, collecting vessels generate rapid

237 rein and discuss how other properties of the lymphatic vasculature, such as mechanisms of lymphatic c

238 we identified a novel role for Panx1 in the lymphatic vasculature.

239 Blood and lymphatic vasculatures are intimately involved in tissue

240 ovenous malformation (CM-AVM) is a blood and lymphatic vessel (LV) disorder that is caused by inherit

241 One of the main tasks of the lymphatic vessel (LV) system is the promotion of immune

242 mediastinal draining lymph nodes; increased lymphatic vessel area; and graft infiltration of CD4(+),

243 a thorough and complete description of trunk lymphatic vessel assembly.

244 Lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was determined by immunoh

245 Lymphatic vessel density did not impact the time to deve

246 Lymphatic vessel density in CLAD patients did not differ

247 owerful model organism that enables study of lymphatic vessel development using high-resolution imagi

248 t ACKR2 regulates macrophage dynamics during lymphatic vessel development.

249 n vivo imaging of the expression profiles of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE

250 portunity to study the mechanisms underlying lymphatic vessel formation, remodeling and function in a

251 1 (-/-) Apoe (-/-) mice showed impairment of lymphatic vessel function with decreased drainage of int

252 Here, we have analysed neutrophil-lymphatic vessel interactions in real time and in vivo u

253 ffusion (chylothorax) frequently accompanies lymphatic vessel malformations and other conditions with

254 mary endothelial cells from dermal blood and lymphatic vessels (blood vascular endothelial cells and

255 The recent discovery of meningeal lymphatic vessels (LVs) has raised interest in their pos

256 rast agents to target cellular biomarkers in lymphatic vessels and can be detected by OCT using a pha

257 ervations suggest that downstream mesenteric lymphatic vessels and lymph drainage into mesenteric lym

258 s been widely used to conveniently visualize lymphatic vessels and other Prox1-expressing tissues suc

259 entry of tissue-infiltrated neutrophils into lymphatic vessels and subsequent crawling along the lumi

260 escribe the recently characterized meningeal lymphatic vessels and their role in drainage of the brai

261 hat DCs docked to the basolateral surface of lymphatic vessels and transited to the lumen through hya

262 Our results show that major trunk lymphatic vessels are conserved in the zebrafish, and pr

263 Donor lymphatic vessels are not anastomosed to that of the rec

264 promoter to drive strong EGFP expression in lymphatic vessels at all stages of development and in ad

265 Moreover, lymphatic vessels collapse and become dysfunctional as m

266 In most tissues, lymphatic vessels drain excess interstitial fluid back t

267 2-FLAIR and T1-weighted black-blood imaging, lymphatic vessels enhance with gadobutrol, a gadolinium-

268 Hdac3-deficient lymphovenous valves and lymphatic vessels exhibited reduced expression of the tr

269 of sunitinib-treated patients and increased lymphatic vessels found in 70% of neoadjuvant treated pa

270 Mesenteric lymphatic vessels from MetSyn or LPS-injected rats exhib

271 lymphatic endothelium, we excised collecting lymphatic vessels from the popliteal fossa of mice and r

272 RATIONALE: Lymphatic vessels function to drain interstitial fluid f

273 ways for the specific growth of arteries and lymphatic vessels have been identified, but the mechanis

274 es of the glymphatic system and of meningeal lymphatic vessels have generated a lot of excitement, al

275 primes directly the neutrophils to enter the lymphatic vessels in a strictly CCR7-dependent manner; a

276 Although histological analysis of lymphatic vessels in donor grafts can yield information

277 stimulated a VEGFC-dependent development of lymphatic vessels in experimental tumors.

278 Here, we report the existence of meningeal lymphatic vessels in human and nonhuman primates (common

279 sport of interstitial fluid and solutes into lymphatic vessels is important for maintaining interstit

280 Cholangioscopy revealed dilated lymphatic vessels obstructing the bile duct and compound

281 tubes freshly isolated from mouse collecting lymphatic vessels of the popliteal fossa.

282 Recent rediscoveries of lymphatic vessels within the dura mater surrounding the

283 manner; and induces ICAM-1 up-regulation on lymphatic vessels, allowing neutrophils to crawl along t

284 blation of Hdac3 in mice led to blood-filled lymphatic vessels, edema, defective lymphovenous valve m

285 nd allowed a convenient visualization of all lymphatic vessels, including those in the central nervou

286 mplex, consisting of fin muscles, bones, and lymphatic vessels, is involved in the hydraulic control

287 terstitial hypertension collapsing blood and lymphatic vessels, limiting drug delivery.

288 xistence of 'suction pressure' in collecting lymphatic vessels, which manifests as a transient drop i

289 mor blood vessels induced the development of lymphatic vessels, which may have contributed to the tre

290 rent molecular signature from blood and true lymphatic vessels.

291 e semipermeable barrier in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels.

292 e as well as enlarged jugular lymph sacs and lymphatic vessels.

293 r the remodeling and maturation of blood and lymphatic vessels.

294 es, such as lymphangiogenesis and obstructed lymphatic vessels.

295 ria for distinguishing the DT from blood and lymphatic vessels; and (c) presence of a DT wall organiz

296 mune cells from the lymphoid organs into the lymphatic vessels; we investigated its role in the respo

297 Uptake into the lymphatics was of particular note, as it points towards

298 Blue lymphatics were identified in 29.2% (138/472) of SLNB an

299 In mammals brain lymphatics were only recently discovered, with significa

300 ilitates identification and avoidance of arm lymphatics within the axilla and its use may reduce lymp