ライフサイエンスコーパス: macronuclear

1 e a program that can automatically align the macronuclear and micronuclear forms of a gene, outputtin

2 Both macronuclear and micronuclear transformants were recover

3 ei proceed through mating but arrest at late macronuclear anlagen development and die before the firs

4 t up to and including differentiation of new macronuclear anlagen.

5 Macronuclear ASI2 is nonessential for vegetative growth.

6 rous genetic support for the hypothesis that macronuclear autonomously replicating chromosome pieces

7 have been targeted for recombination at the macronuclear btu1-1 (K350M) locus of T. thermophila stra

8 Here we describe a chimeric macronuclear chromosome in Oxytricha trifallax construct

9 uniformly methylated on the 50 copies of the macronuclear chromosome were cloned into the extrachromo

10 ciliates with nonscrambled genomes and long macronuclear chromosomes (on the order of 100 kb) sugges

11 Although the noncoding sequences on these macronuclear chromosomes are very different, the genes e

12 Two 1.5-kb macronuclear chromosomes bearing histone H2B genes from

13 We found that macronuclear chromosomes differ in copy number from one

14 mitosis envisions stochastic distribution of macronuclear chromosomes during asexual reproduction.

15 aid the complete assembly of T. thermophila macronuclear chromosomes from shotgun sequence scaffolds

16 physical sizes were obtained for the pair of macronuclear chromosomes generated by fragmentation at e

17 beta-tubulin genes whereby the more abundant macronuclear chromosomes have lower levels of expression

18 scrambled genes, we completely sequenced 11 macronuclear chromosomes in the spirotrich Uroleptus sp.

19 Two macronuclear chromosomes that lose at least one end in a

20 ing unique sequence from the natural ends of macronuclear chromosomes, Cbs junctions characterized in

21 oviding unique sequence from natural ends of macronuclear chromosomes, Cbs junctions will provide use

22 Some macronuclear chromosomes, referred to as non-maintained

23 lodonella uncinata, a ciliate with gene-size macronuclear chromosomes.

24 eletion elements are usually not detected in macronuclear chromosomes.

25 ed chromosome breakage sequences, generating macronuclear chromosomes.

26 eta-tubulin sequences) to their abundance as macronuclear chromosomes.

27 richa trifallax constructed from two smaller macronuclear chromosomes.

28 telomeric DNA at the very 3'-ends of O. nova macronuclear chromosomes.

29 telomeric DNA at the very 3'-ends of O. nova macronuclear chromosomes.

30 tranded G-rich DNA extensions at the ends of macronuclear chromosomes.

31 -terminal DNA extension found at the ends of macronuclear chromosomes.

32 junctions to micronuclear linkage groups and macronuclear coassortment groups.

33 Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the macronuclear copies of each gene were completely disrupt

34 Mutants in which the macronuclear copies of GRL1 have been disrupted continue

35 We propose that micro- and macronuclear defects result from exiting the respective

36 macronuclei fail to develop despite parental macronuclear degradation.

37 ms of a gene, outputting the location of the macronuclear destined segments and pointer sequences.

38 IESs divide a gene into macronuclear destined segments, or MDSs.

39 IESs divide a gene into macronuclear destined segments, or MDSs.

40 pirotrichous ciliates, the gene segments, or macronuclear destined sequences (MDSs), that give rise t

41 riation in micronuclear-limited sequences to macronuclear destined sequences at two of these loci.

42 The ends of both the macronuclear-destined and eliminated spacers were found

43 DNA polalphagene of O.trifallax contains 51 macronuclear-destined segments (MDSs) separated by 50 IE

44 segments (IESs) that divide the gene into 45 macronuclear-destined segments (MDSs) that are in a non-

45 germline genes and the gene segments, called macronuclear-destined segments, or MDSs, are spliced.

46 In the micronuclear chromosomes, the macronuclear-destined sequences are typically separated

47 differ in their chromatin structure from the macronuclear-destined sequences during DNA elimination.

48 ation found for telomeric repeat addition to macronuclear-destined sequences in other ciliate species

49 As this terminal structure on the macronuclear-destined sequences serves as the substrate

50 The identification of adjacent macronuclear-destined sequences that overlap by 6 bp pro

51 In contrast to macronuclear-destined sequences, heterogeneity could be

52 ing to excision) and frequently occur within macronuclear-destined sequences.

53 The location of the E-Cbs in macronuclear-destined versus flanking micronuclear DNA l

54 rowth and with both meiotic prophase and new macronuclear development during conjugation.

55 e-existing telomeres, while cells undergoing macronuclear development fragment their chromosomes and

56 Macronuclear development in C. uncinata yields a nucleus

57 Macronuclear development in ciliates is characterized by

58 lomerase and polymerase alpha-primase during macronuclear development in mated cells.

59 (IES elements), the M and R regions, during macronuclear development in Tetrahymena thermophila.

60 During macronuclear development in the ciliate Euplotes crassus

61 Macronuclear development involves chromosome fragmentati

62 thousands of sites within the genome during macronuclear development of Tetrahymena thermophila.

63 During macronuclear development the MDSs are unscrambled, possi

64 During macronuclear development the Tetrahymena thermophila rib

65 and substrate recognition are altered during macronuclear development to facilitate de novo telomere

66 considered a potentially important aspect of macronuclear development, producing gene combinations no

67 Following the initiation of macronuclear development, telomerase assembles into larg

68 ing activities were elevated slightly during macronuclear development, when the rDNA was undergoing D

69 he excision of macronuclear molecules during macronuclear development.

70 very different patterns of expression during macronuclear development.

71 and remain high throughout the remainder of macronuclear development.

72 growth and de novo telomere synthesis during macronuclear development.

73 g micronuclear DNA that is eliminated during macronuclear development.

74 assembly and DNA degradation during ciliate macronuclear development.

75 to the nuclear envelope [3], is required for macronuclear development.

76 o several layers of DNA rearrangement during macronuclear development.

77 programmed DNA elimination that accompanies macronuclear development.

78 ns, and rDNA amplification that occur during macronuclear development.

79 ahymena thermo-phila during somatic nuclear (macronuclear) differentiation.

80 Although aberrant micro- and macronuclear division occurs in TIF1 mutants and caffein

81 ermline CNA1 knockouts, we see no defects in macronuclear division or viability of the progeny cells

82 particular, with its process of amitosis in macronuclear division, provides a valuable model in whic

83 and, to a lesser extent, for normal amitotic macronuclear division; its absence, while not lethal, le

84 Macronuclear DNA clones of DNA polymerase alpha encoding

85 One gene, H1-1, is present on a 1.3-kb macronuclear DNA molecule and encodes a 16.2- kDa protei

86 ly resides within the DNA destined to form a macronuclear DNA molecule, but can also reside within fl

87 ted and 8 previously reported actin-encoding macronuclear DNA molecules in spirotrichs have been comp

88 the telomeric repeats in the two 5' ends of macronuclear DNA molecules of a group of hypotrichous ci

89 , preceding de novo addition of telomeres to macronuclear DNA molecules.

90 cleoprotein complex, generating short linear macronuclear DNA molecules.

91 ximately 0.8% of the adenine residues in the macronuclear DNA of Tetrahymena are methylated to N6-met

92 ximately 0.8% of the adenine residues in the macronuclear DNA of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena t

93 The complete macronuclear DNA polymerase alpha gene, previously seque

94 During the stage of macronuclear DNA synthesis, however, there was a signifi

95 In this study, the sequences of 58 macronuclear DNA termini and eight regions of the micron

96 Cs) in vegetative cells: basal bodies (BBs), macronuclear envelopes, micronuclear envelopes, and cont

97 The chromosomes of the macronuclear (expressed) genome of Tetrahymena thermophi

98 etraurelia telomerase has been isolated from macronuclear extracts and characterized with respect to

99 proteins in vivo, we have generated separate macronuclear gene knockout (KO) strains (TGP1KO and TGP3

100 rs to help guide assembly of the functional (macronuclear) gene.

101 The macronuclear genes coding for rRNA (ribosomal DNA [rDNA]

102 en a micronuclear genome is processed into a macronuclear genome after cell mating.

103 ge sequences, and endoreplication of the new macronuclear genome and eventually results in lethality

104 port the sequencing of the Stentor coeruleus macronuclear genome and reveal key features of the genom

105 s and gene products with the newly sequenced macronuclear genome determined by The Institute for Geno

106 es use DNA splicing to produce a new somatic macronuclear genome from their germline micronuclear gen

107 A occurs during the differentiation of a new macronuclear genome in ciliated protozoa.

108 nism that occurs during the formation of the macronuclear genome in conjugating cells.

109 line knockouts, but endoreduplication of the macronuclear genome is arrested.

110 In some ciliates including Oxytricha, the macronuclear genome is particularly extreme, consisting

111 assembly of the highly fragmented Oxytricha macronuclear genome is the first completed genome with s

112 l genome development, the expressed, somatic macronuclear genome is whittled down to the genic portio

113 used the 27,446 predicted proteins from the macronuclear genome of Tetrahymena thermophila to query

114 The macronuclear genome of the ciliate Oxytricha trifallax d

115 Nucleosome positioning in the somatic macronuclear genome of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymen

116 The macronuclear genome sequences of P. biaurelia and P. sex

117 independently of endoreplication of the new macronuclear genome that takes place during the same per

118 during meiosis that first scan the maternal macronuclear genome to identify missing sequences, and t

119 nuclear genome in progress, the O. trifallax macronuclear genome will provide an invaluable resource

120 ompletely eliminated during formation of the macronuclear genome.

121 d eliminated during the development of a new macronuclear genome.

122 , which result in increased diversity in the macronuclear genome.

123 eted sequence of the Tetrahymena thermophila macronuclear genome.

124 model of genetic transmission and a somatic (macronuclear) genome, derived from the micronuclear geno

125 tecture of four loci in the micronuclear and macronuclear genomes of the ciliate Chilodonella uncinat

126 Cells expressing macronuclear H1 containing alanine substitutions at all

127 report the major sites of phosphorylation of macronuclear H1 in Tetrahymena thermophila.

128 ing that requirements for phosphorylation of macronuclear H1 may be limited to transcriptional regula

129 hosphorylation sites were viable even though macronuclear H1 phosphorylation was abolished.

130 mena and demonstrate that phosphorylation of macronuclear H1, like the protein itself, is not essenti

131 Tetrahymena thermophila macronuclear histone H1 is phosphorylated by a cdc2 kina

132 lowed by transesterification to generate the macronuclear junction on one DNA strand.

133 ytricha nova, has been cloned from a genomic macronuclear library and sequenced for the hypotrich O.

134 The pattern of gene expression and the macronuclear location of the H1-1 protein indicate that

135 disruption of the Tetrahymena RAD51 somatic macronuclear locus leads to defective germline micronucl

136 he resulting DNA ends to generate functional macronuclear minichromosomes.

137 nded, telomeric DNA sequence at the end of a macronuclear molecule does not form a t loop but, instea

138 nds may serve as signals for the excision of macronuclear molecules during macronuclear development.

139 position might serve as a signal to identify macronuclear molecules in micronuclear DNA during develo

140 The tiny macronuclear "nanochromosomes" typically encode single,

141 othesized that these loci reside on the same macronuclear piece.

142 The whole macronuclear polymer ends with a portion of the spacer o

143 the right, the spacer at the left end of the macronuclear polymer is derived from regions of the micr

144 le the spacer region at the right end of the macronuclear polymer is derived from the micronuclear sp

145 Gene disruption of the macronuclear RAD51 locus leads to severe abnormalities d

146 a rolling-circle model for generation of the macronuclear rDNA from the micronuclear DNA is proposed.

147 rved, as previously implied from analysis of macronuclear rDNA, but of variable length and organizati

148 a role in the formation or amplification of macronuclear rDNA.

149 We also find evidence of macronuclear recombination and incomplete elimination of

150 TIF1 mutants exhibit an elongated macronuclear S phase and diminished rate of DNA replicat

151 mena RAD51 mRNA abundance is elevated during macronuclear S phase during vegetative cell growth and w

152 NA origin firing, but is required for proper macronuclear S phase progression and division.

153 Although mutants exit macronuclear S with a wild-type DNA content, division of

154 ntaining 230 bp out of a total of 4938 bp of macronuclear sequence, are missing from the 14 kb cloned

155 s no significant colocalization with a total macronuclear sequence-specific probe is observed.

156 The 50 bases that flank the 5' ends of macronuclear sequences in micronuclear DNA (12 cases) co

157 Thus, the 50 bases in the 5' ends of macronuclear sequences in micronuclear DNA are islands o

158 ization probes specific for micronuclear vs. macronuclear sequences indicates that a change in nucleo

159 degrees of truncation and are represented in macronuclear sequences.

160 is not transcriptionally expressed, and the macronuclear (somatic) fragmented genome, which is activ

161 ons confirmed that microheterogeneity in the macronuclear telomere addition site is associated with c

162 ve examined the growth profile of individual macronuclear telomeres and have found that the rate and

163 h the two proteins that bind and protect the macronuclear telomeres from the ciliates Oxytricha and E

164 The Oxytricha macronuclear TERT gene has no introns, whereas that of T

165 Unlike previous macronuclear transformation protocols, this strategy sho

166 Six kinds of macronuclear units, or genes, were mapped.

167 Combining insights on macronuclear variation among isolates, the focus of this

168 osphorylated concomitant with a reduction in macronuclear volume and an increase in the size of elect