ライフサイエンスコーパス: marsh

1 ing a nine-year CO2 xN experiment in a tidal marsh.

2 related to the density of vegetation on the marsh.

3 tion impacts of dominant consumers in a salt marsh.

4 llected from an Everglades short-hydroperiod marsh.

5 of nitrogen and other elements in intertidal marshes.

6 utrients and sediment between an estuary and marshes.

7 t increases with increasing latitude in salt marshes.

8 d: forested swamps and herbaceous-vegetation marshes.

9 riments in European and North American tidal marshes.

10 osystem services provided by Australia tidal marshes.

11 reshold width for tidal flats bordering salt marshes.

12 es play an important ecological role on salt marshes.

13 to an expansion of black mangrove into salt marshes.

14 mangroves, including encroachment into salt marshes.

15 t facilitating ecosystem migration for tidal marshes.

16 ent channel networks than the vegetated salt marshes.

17 ) and in 620 individuals with normal mucosa (Marsh 0) but positive CD serology.

18 use in 2,118 individuals with inflammation (Marsh 1-2) and in 620 individuals with normal mucosa (Ma

19 ssed the three primary fates of N in a tidal marsh: (1) retention in plants and soil, (2) denitrifica

20 on flowed laterally both into and out of the marsh (108.3 +/- 5.4 and 86.2 +/- 10.5 g C m(-2) yr(-1)

21 having coeliac-type mucosal lesions of grade Marsh 2 (n = 3) or Marsh 3 (n = 6).

22 ac disease was defined based on detection of Marsh 2 or greater lesions in biopsy specimens or persis

23 undance of mangrove forests relative to salt marshes; (2) How vulnerable are salt marshes to winter c

24 mucosal lesions of grade Marsh 2 (n = 3) or Marsh 3 (n = 6).

25 Villous atrophy was defined as a Marsh 3 lesion or villous height:crypt depth ratio below

26 in 28,232 patients with CD (villous atrophy, Marsh 3) with that of 139,473 age- and sex-matched contr

27 nic carbon (OC) storage in Australia's tidal marshes (323 cores).

28 measured at multiple depths in a freshwater marsh, a brackish water lagoon, and a marine site, all l

29 ces of Pt and Os into the Tagus Estuary salt marshes: a regional input associated with industrial act

30 To compare how well mangroves and salt marshes accommodate sea-level rise, we conducted a manip

31 dings are applicable to large areas of tidal marsh along the U.S. Atlantic coast and in other urbaniz

32 rise will change inundation regimes in salt marshes, altering redox dynamics that control nitrificat

33 ments, suggest that the activity observed by Marsh and co-workers could have arisen from contaminatin

34 Two subsequent publications by Marsh and co-workers reported that their Ec-expressed Np

35 similar to or greater than those reported by Marsh and co-workers.

36 very clear water, while the waters from the marsh and lagoon contained colored dissolved organic mat

37 Gross N2 O production was highest in the low marsh and lowest in the mid-marsh (P = 0.02), whereas gr

38 Thus, these salt marsh and mangrove assemblages were accreting sediment a

39 al effect of winter climate change upon salt marsh and mangrove forest foundation species in the sout

40 Salt marsh and mangrove have been recognized as being among t

41 l, we contrasted denitrification capacity in marsh and subtidal sediments impacted by the Deepwater H

42 g a role in the recovery of New England salt marshes and assertions that invasive species can play po

43 While the effects of sea level rise on salt marshes and mangroves are well studied, we focus on its

44 lude estuarine and coastal wetlands, such as marshes and mangroves, sand beaches and dunes, seagrass

45 aluable ecosystems such as coral reefs, salt marshes and mangroves.

46 estimated flux was applied to present tidal marshes and planned marsh restorations throughout the Sa

47 iour of cranes foraging in Suaeda salsa salt marshes and S. salsa/Phragmites australis mosaic habitat

48 l marsh migration and vertical adjustment of marshes and tidal flats.

49 vantage of prey entering the system from the marsh, and as such this may be an important resource for

50 or coastal vegetation (e.g., kelp, seagrass, marsh, and mangroves) it has been well demonstrated that

51 ots are on forest islands surrounded by salt marsh, and three are in continuous forest.

52 c redox potential changes such as peatlands, marshes, and estuaries.

53 Our results imply that coastal marshes, and the major carbon sink they represent, are s

54 Intertidal marshes are alternately exposed and submerged due to per

55 The elevation and extent of coastal marshes are dictated by the interplay between the rate o

56 Salt marshes are highly productive coastal wetlands that prov

57 Because waves pounding marshes are often locally generated in enclosed basins,

58 It is still unclear how resistant salt marshes are to extreme storms and whether they can survi

59 Salt marshes are unique ecosystems that are brimming with div

60 Salt marshes are valued for their ecosystem services, and the

61 Freshwater marshes are well-known for their ecological functions in

62 ecovery (high resilience) but also permanent marsh area loss after the BP-Deepwater Horizon oil spill

63 ignificant differences in the recruitment of marsh-associated resident and transient nekton in coasta

64 Push cores were taken from the middle marsh at sites classified as unoiled, lightly oiled, and

65 rmined by analyzing the 50-y evolution of 54 marsh basins along the US Atlantic Coast.

66 ration is the primary process by which tidal marshes become perched high in the tidal frame, decreasi

67 each other to a large extent and led to the marsh being a CO2 sink in 2011 (-78.8 +/- 33.6 g C m(-2)

68 es the most comprehensive estimates of tidal marsh blue carbon in Australia, and illustrates their im

69 igh rates of wave-induced erosion along salt marsh boundaries challenge the idea that marsh survival

70 e, we determine the general response of salt marsh boundaries to wave action under normal and extreme

71 eral erosion can lead to rapid marsh loss as marshes build vertically.

72 isation strongly increases herbivory in salt marshes, but not in mangroves, and that this effect incr

73 and uptake were observed in the low and high marshes, but the mid-marsh was consistently a net N2 O s

74 ct the carbon storage capacity of freshwater marshes by influencing water availability and the potent

75 r results suggest that perturbations to salt marshes can drastically alter active microbial communiti

76 t practices at the upland periphery of tidal marshes can facilitate or impede ecosystem migration in

77 Salt marshes can play a vital role in mitigating the effects

78 l rise and oil spills can potentially reduce marsh capacity for N removal.

79 t in the intertidal zone of New England salt marshes, Carcinus are burrow dependent, Carcinus reduce

80 Here we show that nitrogen additions to salt marshes cause a shift in the active microbial community

81 ties with environmental conditions in a salt marsh chronosequence spanning 105 years of succession.

82 atients with CD were scored according to the Marsh classification and characterized for leukocyte inf

83 stribution of histology results according to Marsh classification: 1/8 M1, 2/8 M2, 3/8 M3a, 2/8 M3b.

84 uld render tidal marshes more susceptible to marsh collapse.

85 s (C4 photosynthetic pathway)-dominated high marsh communities exposed to ambient and elevated Ca (am

86 ) using in situ mesocosms containing a tidal marsh community composed of a sedge, Schoenoplectus amer

87 l nitrate and higher ferrous iron in the low marsh compared to the mid and high marshes (P < 0.001 fo

88 ow that sediment budgets of eight microtidal marsh complexes consistently scale with areal unvegetate

89 Each marsh consumer affected at least one different ecosystem

90 Australia's 1.4 million hectares of tidal marshes contain an estimated 212 million tonnes of OC in

91 ollapse with significant areas of creek-bank marsh converted to unvegetated mud.

92 om a few sites suggested that oiling of salt marshes could lead to a biogeomorphic feedback where pla

93 l leading to the loss of cordgrass from salt marsh creek banks.

94 e that were associated with severity of salt-marsh damage, with heavy oiling leading to plant mortali

95 ts in both Western and Eastern Atlantic salt marshes demonstrate, however, that a simple change in pl

96 od of 2.5 mo are those causing the most salt marsh deterioration.

97 Time series of aerial images of European marsh development reveal a consistent lengthening of rec

98 We found that the overall pace of marsh development was largely unaffected by whether the

99 dence that predator depletion can cause salt marsh die-off by releasing the herbivorous crab Sesarma

100 poleward mangrove forest migration and salt marsh displacement.

101 Marshes display impressive biogeomorphic features, such

102 red through 0-dimensional representations of marsh dynamics.

103 Excluding predators from a marsh ecosystem for a single growing season resulted in

104 O2 , CH4 , and N2 O from a restored emergent marsh ecosystem.

105 ucture and function indicate that freshwater marsh ecosystems can become a net source of CO2 and CH4

106 h implications for the overall resilience of marsh ecosystems to climatic changes.

107 down along natural stress gradients in tidal marsh ecosystems.

108 iwinkles were reduced by 80-90% at the oiled marsh edge and by 50% in the oiled marsh interior ( appr

109 yses revealed a threshold for oil impacts on marsh edge erosion, with higher erosion rates occurring

110 nd being invaded was lawn or wooded, but the marsh-edge plant communities that developed in these two

111 Soil redox declined as marsh elevation decreased, with lower soil nitrate and h

112 surements of gross N2 O fluxes across a salt marsh elevation gradient to determine how soil N2 O emis

113 tween mussels and dominant cordgrass in salt marshes enhance ecosystem resistance to and recovery fro

114 and deposits and typically represent shallow marsh environments.

115 al threshold in wave energy above which salt marsh erosion drastically accelerates.

116 es contribute less than 1% to long-term salt marsh erosion rates.

117 nce this threshold is exceeded, irreversible marsh erosion takes place even in the absence of sea-lev

118 We apply our general formulation for salt marsh erosion to historical wave climates at eight salt

119 ks among tidal flat widening by wave-induced marsh erosion, tidal flat deepening driven by wave bed s

120 nding tidal flats have a pivoting control on marsh erosion.

121 back where plant death resulted in increased marsh erosion.

122 cluding organic matter and nutrient cycling, marsh-estuarine food chains, and multiple species that p

123 At these vents, Marsh et al. (2015) found a community of Kiwa (Yeti) cra

124 Here we develop a numerical model of salt marsh evolution, informed by recent measurements of prod

125 experiments revealed that in protected salt marshes experiencing a severe drought, plant-eating graz

126 goslings that inhabited tidal and freshwater marsh (FM) to determine how current foraging strategies

127 d DOH with [TPAH] suggest disturbance to the marsh food web, apparently due to oil pollution, and sup

128 Marsh foraminifera reacted to the highest oil concentrat

129 ge the carbon storage capacity of freshwater marshes from sinks to sources of carbon to the atmospher

130 ikely to be permanent; and (iv) after 18 mo, marsh grasses have largely recovered into previously oil

131 ach sediments > low energy beach sediments > marsh > tar balls.

132 Using biopsy (Marsh >/= 2) as the criterion standard, areas under ROC

133 ata (1970-2000) and mangrove forest and salt marsh habitat data.

134 Salt marsh habitat loss to vegetation die-offs has accelerate

135 r vegetation to represent a heavily impacted marsh habitat, with unoiled vertical structure at one en

136 and/or disease may contribute to the loss of marsh habitat.

137 We compared the utilization of salt-marsh habitats by transient and resident nekton before a

138 ad to annual migrations of aquatic taxa from marsh habitats to deep-water refugia in estuaries.

139 t within each marsh (which creates different marsh habitats); and (iii) different life history stages

140 ut grew and survived poorly in high- and low-marsh habitats; and (iii) the effect of salt marsh veget

141 y than Juncus and, relative to the reference marshes, had no significant effect on Spartina while sig

142 White stork (Ciconia ciconia) and western marsh harrier (Circus aeruginosus) were the most contami

143 nt elevation dynamics in mangroves and tidal marshes has been gained by monitoring a wide range of di

144 Tidal marshes have a large capacity for producing and storing

145 tention on a decadal timescale because tidal marshes have a relatively open N cycle and can accrue so

146 Where heavily oiled marshes have experienced accelerated erosion as a result

147 Australia's tidal marshes have suffered significant losses but their recen

148 that predators are important determinants of marsh health in New England, we performed a total predat

149 most frequently flooded islands, while salt marsh herbs and shrubs replaced forest understory vegeta

150 rimarily concentrated on the seaward edge of marshes; (ii) there were thresholds of oil coverage that

151 ed CD (villous atrophy, histopathology stage Marsh III) through biopsy-reports from Sweden's 28 patho

152 llected from a barrier island and a brackish marsh in southeast Louisiana over a period of 881 days.

153 cores 18-36 months after the accident at the marshes in Bay Jimmy (Upper Barataria Bay), Louisiana, U

154 samples from each of three tidal freshwater marshes in estuaries at three latitudes (north, middle,

155 mpare the channel networks of vegetated salt marshes in Massachusetts and the Venice Lagoon to unvege

156 Our results confirm that marshes in this region face multiple, potentially synerg

157 the oiled marsh edge and by 50% in the oiled marsh interior ( approximately 9 m inland) compared to r

158 atest numerical losses of periwinkles in the marsh interior, where densities were naturally higher.

159 from physical and biotic stress in the salt marsh intertidal and reduces Sesarma functional density

160 the climate extreme, transforming once lush marshes into persistent salt barrens.

161 The sample was collected on a salt marsh island in Jamaica Bay, New York, in April 2015 and

162 Here we present food web data from 115 salt marsh islands and show that network structure is associa

163 These included marshes, lake sediments, saline microbial mats, and anae

164 Based on a large dataset of salt marsh lateral erosion rates collected around the world,

165 on to historical wave climates at eight salt marsh locations affected by hurricanes in the United Sta

166 However, lateral erosion can lead to rapid marsh loss as marshes build vertically.

167 d damming is a major anthropogenic driver of marsh loss at the study sites and generates effects at l

168 Overall, our findings indicate that marsh loss results in a substantial loss of N removal ca

169 of N, which has been suggested to accelerate marsh loss, may afford some marsh plants, such as the wi

170 coastal ecosystems, can be a driver of salt marsh loss.

171 Salt marsh losses have been documented worldwide because of l

172 Intertidal wetlands, primarily salt marsh, mangrove and mudflats, which provide many essenti

173 identify winter climate thresholds for salt marsh-mangrove forest interactions and highlight coastal

174 ngrove shrubs and trees into herbaceous salt marshes may represent a substantial change in ecosystem

175 amic model that accounts for both horizontal marsh migration and vertical adjustment of marshes and t

176 may not interest enough landowners to allow marsh migration at the spatial scales needed to mitigate

177 We studied marsh migration in a Long Island Sound salt marsh using

178 tation appeared to be a leading indicator of marsh migration, while soil characteristics such as redo

179 hift in species dominance could render tidal marshes more susceptible to marsh collapse.

180 oil-driven plant death on the edges of these marshes more than doubled rates of shoreline erosion, fu

181 he second compared the areas covered by each Marsh-Oberhuber grade and expressed as percentages, the

182 According to the classical Marsh-Oberhuber scale, 32 patients did not present atrop

183 : the first was represented by the classical Marsh-Oberhuber score, the second compared the areas cov

184 logical and geochemical variables in a tidal marsh of the Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve to deter

185 s americanus and Spartina patens) in coastal marshes of North America and has potential to dramatical

186 2 oil made landfall along the shoreline salt marshes of northern Barataria Bay, Louisiana, concentrat

187 Deployment of the instrument at a marsh over multiple days demonstrated how methane fluxes

188 the low and mid-marshes relative to the high marsh (P < 0.001).

189 ghest in the low marsh and lowest in the mid-marsh (P = 0.02), whereas gross N2 O consumption did not

190 n the low marsh compared to the mid and high marshes (P < 0.001 for both).

191 We compared marsh periwinkle (Littoraria irrorata) density and shell

192 This study determined the effects of oil on marsh periwinkle movement and survivorship following exp

193 in field surveys, these results suggest that marsh periwinkle snails may have been adversely affected

194 Losses of marsh periwinkles would likely affect other ecosystem pr

195 These pockets, occurring over 16% of the marsh plain area, corresponded to the marsh root zone.

196 known how these global change drivers modify marsh plant response to sea level rise.

197 concentration was best explained by shallow marsh plant species identity (14.9%) and wetland depth (

198 Detection was best explained by shallow marsh plant species identity (34.8%) and surrounding cro

199 been shifted significantly lower compared to marsh plants (-14.8 +/- 0.6 per thousand) due to the inf

200 tion grows sympatrically with temperate salt marsh plants in Florida, Louisiana, and Texas.

201 ed to accelerate marsh loss, may afford some marsh plants, such as the widespread sedge, S. americanu

202 rates of shoreline erosion, further driving marsh platform loss that is likely to be permanent; and

203 Salt marshes play a key role in removing excess anthropogenic

204 vestigate the possibility that sharks fed on marsh prey, we modelled the predicted dynamics of stable

205 er shark movements responded to the pulse of marsh prey.

206 Here, the Populus deltoides (Marsh.) RanBP gene (PdRanBP) was isolated and functional

207 ently scale with areal unvegetated/vegetated marsh ratios (UVVR) suggesting these metrics are broadly

208 Here we report on not only rapid salt-marsh recovery (high resilience) but also permanent mars

209 g only 0.1-12% of die-offs, markedly shorten marsh recovery periods.

210 concentrations were lower in the low and mid-marshes relative to the high marsh (P < 0.001).

211 responded to both heavy and light oiling of marshes relative to unoiled control sites by changes to

212 heric CO2, but their relative importance for marsh resilience to increasing RRSLR remains unclear.

213 mug N m(-2) h(-1) in the low, mid, and high marshes, respectively.

214 As wave energy increases, salt marsh response to wind waves remains linear, and there i

215 Furthermore, we find that marsh responses are inherently spatially dependent, and

216 explicit ecomorphodynamic model, we explore marsh responses to increased atmospheric CO2, relative t

217 applied to present tidal marshes and planned marsh restorations throughout the San Francisco Estuary.

218 of the marsh plain area, corresponded to the marsh root zone.

219 Oiled beach sediment, tar ball, and marsh samples were collected from a barrier island and a

220 rs, histopathology according to the modified Marsh scale, and CD risk gradient based on HLA type, usi

221 ith histopathology according to the modified Marsh scale, as were the established CD markers.

222 rticipants with duodenal histology who had a Marsh score of greater than 1 were discontinued before d

223 hocyte percentages (32.5-35.0; P = .47), and Marsh scores were unchanged by gluten challenge.

224 mbers were increased in patients with higher Marsh scores.

225 'blue carbon' habitats (mangroves and tidal marshes) seagrasses are thought to provide coastal defen

226 agents of widespread land loss, and vertical marsh sediment accretion.

227 Marsh sediment budgets represent a spatially integrated

228 These results suggest that Gulf of Mexico marsh sediments have considerable biodegradation potenti

229 To study hydrocarbon biodegradation in marsh sediments impacted by Macondo oil from the Deepwat

230 We estimated that marsh sediments remove an average of 3.6 t N km(-2) y(-1

231 bacterial communities of US East Coast salt marsh sediments.

232 Therefore, salt marshes seem more susceptible to variations in mean wave

233 els of oil into the Gulf of Mexico, and some marsh shorelines experienced heavy oiling including vege

234 In herbaceous-vegetation marshes, short hydroperiods caused a sharper decline in

235 nd thresholds in this effect across 103 salt marsh sites spanning ~430 kilometers of shoreline in coa

236 a irrorata) density and shell length at salt marsh sites with heavy oiling to reference conditions ap

237 sites have decreased to levels at reference marsh sites.

238 carbons in the surface 2 cm of heavily oiled marsh soils were as high as 510 mg g(-1).

239 nt biological impacts in sensitive Louisiana marshes, some of which remain for over 2 mo following in

240 ive influence on elevation, while other salt marsh species (e.g. Suaeda maritima) had no influence or

241 2), and 3719 individuals with normal mucosa (Marsh stage 0) but positive CD serologic test results (I

242 6 patients with biopsy-verified CD (equal to Marsh stage 3) through biopsy reports.

243 dividuals with CD (equal to villous atrophy, Marsh stage 3), 12,304 individuals with inflammation (Ma

244 pathology data on 2,933 individuals with CD (Marsh stage 3; villous atrophy) to the Swedish Prescribe

245 ge 3), 12,304 individuals with inflammation (Marsh stages 1-2), and 3719 individuals with normal muco

246 addition, we found that different aspects of marsh structure and function migrated at different rates

247 it increases the threshold RRSLR initiating marsh submergence by up to 60% in the range of forcings

248 pounded, drained and tidally-restricted salt marshes, substantial methane (CH4) and CO2 emission redu

249 the biological processes that contribute to marsh surface elevation gain.

250 alt marsh boundaries challenge the idea that marsh survival is dictated by the competition between ve

251 t driver of subsurface salinity gradients in marsh systems.

252 nk berry' consortia of the Sippewissett Salt Marsh through an integrative study at the microbial scal

253 f Hudson Bay, Canada, which has caused tidal marsh (TM) degradation and the reduction in high-quality

254 te conditions in the last 3 years turned the marsh to a source of carbon (42.7 +/- 23.4 g C m(-2) yr(

255 untries on six continents, ranging from salt marshes to alpine tundra.

256 e enhanced vulnerability of already degraded marshes to heavy oil coverage and provides a clear examp

257 oducing, rather than consuming, N2 O in salt marshes to improve our predictions of changes in net N2

258 d with the accretion processes necessary for marshes to keep up with relative sea level rise, competi

259 uctivity and the mechanisms that allow tidal marshes to maintain a constant elevation relative to sea

260 ecosystems have overwhelmed the capacity of marshes to remove nitrogen without deleterious effects.

261 The intrinsic resistance of salt marshes to violent storms and their predictable erosion

262 to salt marshes; (2) How vulnerable are salt marshes to winter climate change-induced mangrove forest

263 The ecological implications of these marsh-to-mangrove forest conversions are poorly understo

264 drologic, edaphic, and biotic sampling along marsh-to-upland transects in both wooded and lawn enviro

265 Using a blanket bog to coastal marsh transect in Northwest Scotland we assess the impac

266 In particular, marshes up-take atmospheric CO2 at high rates, thereby p

267 tide datum - captured the biotic and edaphic marsh-upland ecotone.

268 established in salt pools on a coastal salt marsh using a natural temperature gradient where killifi

269 marsh migration in a Long Island Sound salt marsh using detailed hydrologic, edaphic, and biotic sam

270 ge in intact mixed-species blocks of UK salt marsh using six open-top chambers receiving CO2 -enriche

271 interactions between black mangrove and salt marsh vegetation along the Texas coast varied across (i)

272 However, in the Gulf of Mexico, the loss of marsh vegetation because of human-driven disturbances su

273 mangrove and salt marsh vegetation: (i) Salt marsh vegetation facilitated black mangrove seedlings at

274 marsh habitats; and (iii) the effect of salt marsh vegetation on black mangroves switched from negati

275 ance of nirS-type denitrifers indicated that marsh vegetation regulates the activity, rather than the

276 We find that marsh vegetation response to foreseen elevated atmospher

277 derived (0-40 cm, active root zone of native marsh vegetation), and deep SOM-derived mineralization (

278 interactions between black mangrove and salt marsh vegetation: (i) Salt marsh vegetation facilitated

279 e Florida Everglades with different spatial (marsh versus estuarine) and temporal (wet versus dry sea

280 broadly applicable indicators of microtidal marsh vulnerability.

281 re holistic and sensitive indicators of salt marsh vulnerability.

282 mulation in the sediments suggested that the marsh was a long-term carbon sink and accumulated ~96.9

283 ved in the low and high marshes, but the mid-marsh was consistently a net N2 O sink.

284 sence of colored dissolved organic matter in marsh water enhanced photoinactivation of a laboratory s

285 s are predicted to increase hydroperiods and marsh water levels, likely shifting the timing, duration

286 e mangroves are expanding and replacing salt marsh, wetland capacity to respond to sea-level rise may

287 ify the risk reduction ecosystem services of marsh wetlands.

288 e first full carbon balance for a freshwater marsh where vertical gaseous [carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and

289 ); (ii) the elevational gradient within each marsh (which creates different marsh habitats); and (iii

290 to freezing (mangrove) or wrack burial (salt marsh), which caused shoot mortality.

291 idly result in a coastal landscape with less marsh, which would reduce the capacity of coastal region

292 in the vertical adjustment of European salt marshes, which are primarily minerogenic in composition,

293 ive in a time of rapid sea-level rise, tidal marshes will need to migrate upslope into adjacent uplan

294 age reduction in annual flood losses by salt marshes with higher reductions at lower elevations.

295 nic activity have been retained in the Hythe marsh, with (137)Cs and Cu depth profiles showing retent

296 n, subsidence), mangrove replacement of salt marsh, with or without disturbance, will not necessarily

297 ncentrations in blood, feathers, and eggs of marsh wrens in wetlands of Great Salt Lake, Utah, and, a

298 Net N2 O fluxes differed significantly among marsh zones (P = 0.009), averaging 9.8 +/- 5.4 mug N m(-

299 gross N2 O consumption did not differ among marsh zones.

300 drove the differences in net N2 O flux among marsh zones.