ライフサイエンスコーパス: mass extinction

1 ely after the end-Triassic or end-Cretaceous mass extinctions).

2 causing severe global warming and subsequent mass extinction.

3 past, and new insights into the dynamics of mass extinction.

4 of life from the devastating Permo-Triassic mass extinction.

5 imate, changes in sedimentation patterns and mass extinction.

6 s persisted through the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

7 regional, and insufficient to explain marine mass extinction.

8 ively unaffected by the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

9 of the carbon cycle and the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

10 d of the Cretaceous and perished in the K-Pg mass extinction.

11 rd Siberian Trap volcanism as the trigger of mass extinction.

12 ities and thereby constraining the causes of mass extinction.

13 s potential role for the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction.

14 emise of volatile taxa in the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

15 tes that contain a record of the Guadalupian mass extinction.

16 ay have little time to stave off a potential mass extinction.

17 entering or in the midst of the sixth great mass extinction.

18 the major taxonomic shift at the end-Permian mass extinction.

19 hange in timing and pacing the Late Devonian mass extinction.

20 the catastrophic effects of the end-Permian mass extinction.

21 ht have delayed ecosystem recovery after the mass extinction.

22 ith a high-resolution record of invertebrate mass extinction.

23 in the aftermath of Earth's most devastating mass extinction.

24 egrees C that is fully resolved from the KTB mass extinction.

25 riassic taxa, synchronous with a terrestrial mass extinction.

26 nk between the volcanism and the end-Permian mass extinction.

27 erved timing and selectivity of Late Permian mass extinction.

28 estrial object at exactly the time of the KT mass extinction.

29 y 30 million years before the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

30 ial, high palaeotemperatures and significant mass extinction.

31 ician and disappearing at the end-Ordovician mass extinction.

32 million years after the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction.

33 erved timing and selectivity of Late Permian mass extinction.

34 447-444 Ma) leading into the Late Ordovician mass extinction.

35 ively unaffected by the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction.

36 estimate the percentage of species lost in a mass extinction.

37 communities, with effects that culminate in mass extinction.

38 to have become extinct during the Cretaceous mass extinction.

39 ese relations broke down during the onset of mass extinction.

40 Traps as a contributor to the latest Permian mass extinction.

41 erturbation coincident with the end-Triassic mass extinction.

42 oxygen in Earth's oceans resulting in marine mass extinction.

43 full assessment of their relationship to the mass extinction.

44 abilities of being locally stable during the mass extinction.

45 the wake of the Cretaceous-Palaeogene (K-Pg) mass extinction.

46 rmitted species to survive the third tier of mass extinctions.

47 ges in buffering species from background and mass extinctions.

48 may help to constrain the possible causes of mass extinctions.

49 the analytical incorporation of sampling and mass extinctions.

50 be needed to explain recovery dynamics after mass extinctions.

51 igneous provinces are long-lived compared to mass extinctions.

52 luding adaptive radiations and recovery from mass extinctions.

53 se associated with the two preceding Permian mass extinctions.

54 no sharp distinction between background and mass extinctions.

55 These large eruptions have been linked to mass extinctions.

56 ete for recovery intervals immediately after mass extinctions.

57 uch as the late heavy bombardment and global mass extinctions.

58 causative role in global climate change and mass extinctions.

59 icularly noted with respect to the principal mass extinctions.

60 xtinction intensities are ineffectual during mass extinctions.

61 ntally different from those operating during mass extinctions.

62 taceous bolide impact in the Late Cretaceous mass extinctions.

63 ombined data for the Middle and Late Permian mass extinctions.

64 , or even cause, biodiversity decline during mass extinctions.

65 me, with losses particularly concentrated in mass extinctions.

66 hat culminated in the marine and terrestrial mass extinctions.

67 ribution makes groups more likely to survive mass extinctions.

68 ries from the end-Permian and end-Cretaceous mass extinctions.

69 didates for the cause of terminal-Cretaceous mass extinctions.

70 , including the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions.

71 The end-Permian mass extinction (252 Ma) reduced all measures of diversi

72 Here, we test whether the end-Permian mass extinction (252.3 Ma) affected the distribution of

73 Following the end-Devonian mass extinction (359 million years ago), vertebrates exp

74 nt sponge remains were deposited after other mass extinctions [5, 6], suggesting a general pattern of

75 tied to abundance across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction (65 million years ago), regardless of ab

76 The end-Cretaceous mass extinctions, 65 million years ago, profoundly influ

77 Mass extinctions acted in opposition to this long-term t

78 by the Early Triassic crises; because global mass extinctions affect all marine life, these taxa must

79 in the Triassic implies that the end-Permian mass extinction afforded ecologically marginalized linea

80 Chicxulub impact and the terminal-Cretaceous mass extinctions, after which ~70% of the Traps' total v

81 es immediately following the three Paleozoic mass extinctions also account for 17% of all order-level

82 Both the end-Permian and end-Triassic mass extinctions also triggered abrupt shifts to increas

83 a pervasive component of the planet's sixth mass extinction and also a major driver of global ecolog

84 d taxonomic rates during the Late Ordovician mass extinction and Early Silurian recovery.

85 diversification following the Permo-Triassic mass extinction and increased over time.

86 lenial to millennial level resolution of the mass extinction and its aftermath will permit a refined

87 r the rate and magnitude of the end-Triassic mass extinction and subsequent biotic recovery.

88 flux spurred by the catastrophic end-Permian mass extinction and terminating with the global ecologic

89 ached within 8 My after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction and within 4 My of the time reptiles fir

90 A leading hypothesis explaining Phanerozoic mass extinctions and associated carbon isotopic anomalie

91 ns, indicating that recovery times following mass extinctions and background extinctions are similar.

92 tic mechanisms have hastened recoveries from mass extinctions and confined diversity to a relatively

93 Because the record of Phanerozoic mass extinctions and postextinction recoveries may be co

94 nt clades are framed against the backdrop of mass extinctions and regime shifts in ocean ecosystems.

95 However, mass extinctions and several second-order extinction eve

96 The causes of mass extinctions and the nature of biological selectivit

97 The causes of mass extinctions and the nature of biological selectivit

98 The causes of mass extinctions and the nature of taxonomic radiations

99 nables measurement of aerosol particle size, mass, extinction and absorption coefficients, and aeroso

100 n the late Permian, prior to the end-Permian mass extinction, and radiating in the Triassic to domina

101 ental perturbation, carbon cycle disruption, mass extinction, and recovery at millennial timescales.

102 emporal relationship between CAMP eruptions, mass extinction, and the carbon isotopic excursions are

103 Far from a model of refilling ecospace, mass extinctions appear to cause a collapse of ecospace,

104 The Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction approximately 66 million years ago is co

105 a phylogenetic bottleneck at the Hirnantian mass extinction ( approximately 445 Ma), when a major cl

106 The end-Permian mass extinction, approximately 252 million years ago, is

107 climates near the time of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction are poorly known, limiting understanding

108 e or below 0.50; clades not terminating at a mass extinction are three times more likely to be signif

109 In spite of this, mass extinctions are thought to have outsized effects on

110 ht on biodiversity loss in extant ecosystems.Mass extinctions are thought to produce 'disaster faunas

111 in the fossil record, particularly the major mass extinctions, are generally thought to transcend kno

112 rs and thus did not cause the end-Cretaceous mass extinction as commonly believed.

113 ld not be related to the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction as previously inferred.

114 is frequently invoked as a primary driver of mass extinction as well as a long-term inhibitor of evol

115 Palaeontologists characterize mass extinctions as times when the Earth loses more than

116 The mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, ap

117 ical recovery of the Cheilostomata after the mass extinction at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary is m

118 e super-radiation that may coincide with the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period.

119 n highly diverse assemblages, which suffered mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous, leaving an

120 The mass extinction at the end of the Permian was the most p

121 The mass extinction at the Permian-Triassic boundary, 251 mi

122 atism coincided closely in time with a major mass extinction at the Triassic-Jurassic boundary.

123 conditions may have been responsible for the mass extinction at this time.

124 radiation of orchids began shortly after the mass extinctions at the K/T boundary.

125 prising that these taxa suffered conspicuous mass extinctions at the times of three negative Early Tr

126 ecological changes across the end-Cretaceous mass extinction based on molluscan assemblages at four w

127 s impact winter was likely a major driver of mass extinction because of the resulting global decimati

128 ith increasing proximity to the end-Triassic mass extinction, breaking down altogether across the eve

129 ed more than benthic animals during previous mass extinctions but are not preferentially threatened i

130 ngs than in epicontinental seas during major mass extinctions but not at other times and that origina

131 ll mechanism for the Permo-Triassic Boundary mass extinction, but direct evidence for an acidificatio

132 d impact at the end of the Cretaceous caused mass extinction, but extinction mechanisms are not well-

133 assic-Jurassic boundary marks a major faunal mass extinction, but records of accompanying environment

134 duction may have recovered shortly after the mass extinction, but the structure of the open-ocean eco

135 no shifts associated with the end Cretaceous mass extinction, but there is a global decrease in linea

136 hange are most frequently invoked to explain mass extinctions, but new theories of collisions with ex

137 Taxic diversity increases after mass extinctions, but the response by other aspects of e

138 ent with the instigation of Earth's greatest mass extinction by a specific microbial innovation.

139 ons in general, rather than after individual mass extinctions, by calculating the cross-correlation b

140 Here, we show that the end-Permian mass extinction coincided with a rapid temperature rise

141 at lizards and snakes suffered a devastating mass extinction coinciding with the Chicxulub asteroid i

142 during periods of elevated extinction, with mass extinctions coinciding with numerous and larger shi

143 proach to test this hypothesis and find that mass extinctions did increase faunal cosmopolitanism acr

144 c recovery patterns after the end-Cretaceous mass extinction differ among the molluscan faunas of the

145 Mass extinctions disrupt ecological communities.

146 Because many survivors of mass extinctions do not participate in postrecovery dive

147 global faunal cosmopolitanism following both mass extinctions, driven mainly by new, widespread taxa,

148 For mass extinctions, earth system succession may drive the

149 ecosystem recovery following the End Permian Mass Extinction (EPME) remains poorly constrained given

150 -fold increase in colonization rate or a 90% mass extinction event 0.55 to 0.75 million years ago.

151 that produced the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) mass extinction event 65 Myr ago.

152 ers diverged before the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event 66 million years ago instead of af

153 ppearance at the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event 66 Mya has been debated for decade

154 pid radiation after the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event about 66 million years ago.

155 rent biodiversity crisis encompasses a sixth mass extinction event affecting the entire class of amph

156 arguably propelled the Earth into its sixth mass extinction event and amphibians, the most threatene

157 by two large extinction pulses: a "Big Five" mass extinction event at the Frasnian-Famennian stage bo

158 the largest of the past 90 million years), a mass extinction event in benthic faunas, and a radiation

159 The largest mass extinction event in Earth's history marks the bound

160 Yet people are now driving the sixth mass extinction event in Earth's history.

161 lyses of living species that have survived a mass extinction event offer the potential for understand

162 hether the biodiversity crisis constitutes a mass extinction event, all agreed that current extinctio

163 ce known-has been linked to the end-Triassic mass extinction event, however reconciling the response

164 with other dinosaurs and passed through this mass extinction event.

165 survivorship across the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event.

166 he nature of the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) mass extinction event.

167 the claim that Earth is undergoing its sixth mass extinction event.

168 background extinction is a poor predictor of mass extinction events and suggest that attention should

169 Mass extinction events are short-lived and characterized

170 te Devonian envelops one of Earth's big five mass extinction events at the Frasnian-Famennian boundar

171 at global environmental disturbances such as mass extinction events can rapidly adjust limits to dive

172 Despite the attention focused on mass extinction events in the fossil record, patterns of

173 ades that terminate at one of the "big five" mass extinction events tend to have truncated trajectori

174 logical evolution, particularly during major mass extinction events, the relative importance of physi

175 shock" extinctions in the aftermath of large mass extinction events, which should in theory be testab

176 of Earth and are often contemporaneous with mass extinction events.

177 by similar levels of taxonomic loss in past mass extinction events.

178 sometime other than during one of the great mass extinction events.

179 ly Triassic in the aftermath of the greatest mass extinction ever and became hugely successful in the

180 and large-scale food scarcity characterizing mass extinctions evident in the fossil record may have t

181 Mass extinctions evidently alter extinction selectivity,

182 d "Dead Clade Walking" (DCW), the effects of mass extinctions extend beyond the losses observed durin

183 occur at the same stratigraphic level as the mass extinction extinction, (2) host a negative isotope

184 Large environmental fluctuations often cause mass extinctions, extirpating species and transforming c

185 , to separate out background extinction from mass extinction for a major crisis in earth history; and

186 bal atmosphere and the coeval end-Cretaceous mass extinction has been uncertain.

187 e between large igneous provinces (LIPs) and mass extinctions has led many to pose a causal relations

188 istory traits to survival during terrestrial mass extinctions has not been investigated, despite the

189 The age and timing of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction have been difficult to determine because

190 devastating effects on global biodiversity, mass extinctions have had a long-term influence on the h

191 Mass extinctions have played many evolutionary roles, in

192 patterns in both biotic crises suggest that mass extinctions have predictable influences on animal d

193 Mass extinctions have profoundly impacted the evolution

194 rt productivity (Living Ocean), which caused mass extinction higher in the marine food chain.

195 The end-Permian mass extinction horizon is marked by an abrupt shift in

196 diversification following the end Cretaceous mass extinction; however, the role of this event on the

197 te evolution, followed, apparently, by their mass extinction in an anthropoid primate ancestor.

198 itat destruction in the tropics will cause a mass extinction in coming years, but the potential magni

199 es in the first pulse of the Late Ordovician mass extinction in Laurentia.

200 al Revolution and Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) mass extinction in opening up ecospace that promoted int

201 lion years ago, is marked by the most severe mass extinction in the geologic record.

202 oundwork for a comparably great Anthropocene mass extinction in the oceans with unknown ecological an

203 ifferent before and after a Plio-Pleistocene mass extinction in the western Atlantic.

204 ic patterns of recovery following individual mass extinctions in detail, but have not analysed recove

205 believed, and underscores the role played by mass extinctions in driving diversification.

206 Microbial expansion following faunal mass extinctions in Earth history can be studied by petr

207 scading failures in technological systems to mass extinctions in ecological networks--are rarely pred

208 the factors influencing survivorship during mass extinctions in the fossil record may differ from th

209 persists when we remove the 'Big Five' major mass extinctions, indicating that recovery times followi

210 of emerging amphibian diseases to the sixth mass extinction is driving innovative wildlife managemen

211 a quantitative viewpoint, that Earth's sixth mass extinction is more severe than perceived when looki

212 The end-Triassic mass extinction is one of the five most catastrophic in

213 Food web recovery from mass extinction is poorly understood.

214 The cause of the end-Cretaceous (KPg) mass extinction is still debated due to difficulty separ

215 the exact role of bioessential sulfur in the mass extinction is still unclear.

216 odel indicates that a possible mechanism for mass extinction is the coincidence of a large coevolutio

217 tivity regimes differ between background and mass extinctions is largely unresolved.

218 sil record suggests that survivorship during mass extinctions is not strictly random, but it often fa

219 ardized analyses if the evolutionary role of mass extinctions is to be fully understood.

220 tion of most metazoans after the end-Permian mass extinction, it is believed that early marine reptil

221 enus extinctions have occurred between major mass extinctions, little is known about extinction selec

222 Mass extinctions manifest in Earth's geologic record wer

223 In particular it has been suggested that mass extinction may arise through a purely biotic mechan

224 Biologists now suggest that a sixth mass extinction may be under way, given the known specie

225 tself, I here consider how the aftermaths of mass extinctions might contribute to the evolutionary im

226 tion, old species were selectively removed ("mass extinction mode").

227 After the mass extinction, modern birds (members of the avian crow

228 An enigmatic mass extinction occurred in the deep oceans during the M

229 archosauriform evolution, in response to two mass extinctions occurring at the end of the Guadalupian

230 There is broad concern that a mass extinction of amphibians and reptiles is now underw

231 ian therefore provides strong evidence for a mass extinction of archaic birds coinciding with the Chi

232 otal and previously unrecognized role in the mass extinction of cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria after

233 asteroid killed the dinosaurs and caused the mass extinction of many other organisms at the Cretaceou

234 ons in marine and terrestrial reservoirs and mass extinction of marine faunas.

235 ulub bolide impact caused the end-Cretaceous mass extinction of plants, but the associated selectivit

236 The great mass extinctions of the fossil record were a major creat

237 chieved the intensities seen in the Big Five mass extinctions of the geologic past, which each remove

238 The five largest mass extinctions of the past 600 million years are of gr

239 The canonical five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic reveals the loss of

240 For four of the Big Five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic, the marine genera t

241 e episode of extinction, the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction, old species were selectively removed ("

242 e (K-Pg) (formerly Cretaceous-Tertiary, K-T) mass extinction on avian evolution is debated, primarily

243 possible impact of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction on their radiation and that Brassicales

244 Studies of the effects of mass extinctions on ancient ecosystems have focused on c

245 The long-term effects of mass extinctions on spatial and evolutionary dynamics ha

246 ate to the evolution of bats, the Cretaceous mass extinction, or further specialization of flying bir

247 The end-Triassic mass extinction overlapped with the eruption of the Cent

248 For example, the end-Permian mass extinction permanently reduced the diversity of imp

249 end-Cretaceous [Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg)] mass extinction persist in present-day biogeography.

250 Estimates for the magnitudes of mass extinctions presented here are in most cases lower

251 Although mass extinctions probably account for the disappearance

252 mammals before and after the Permo-Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME), the most catastrophic crisis in

253 Middle Triassic, after the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME).

254 Results confirm that several mass extinction recovery cohorts were significantly long

255 ough the precise mechanisms that led to this mass extinction remain enigmatic, most postulated scenar

256 Understanding the evolutionary role of mass extinctions requires detailed knowledge of postexti

257 ne biota resulting in episodes of anoxia and mass extinctions shortly after their eruption.

258 suggested that the empty niches created by a mass extinction should refill rapidly after extinction a

259 of the end-Cretaceous or Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction show no selectivity of marine bivalve ge

260 w fish community structure began at the K/Pg mass extinction, suggesting the extinction event played

261 vy clades radiating in the immediate wake of mass extinctions suggests that early high disparity more

262 and a global analysis of the Late Ordovician mass extinction that accounts for variations in sampling

263 The end-Permian mass extinction, the most severe biotic crisis in the Ph

264 from South Africa during Earth's most severe mass extinction, the Permian-Triassic.

265 ne animal fossil record, including the major mass extinctions, the frequency distribution of genus lo

266 d the Permian-Triassic and Triassic-Jurassic mass extinctions, the onset of fragmentation of the supe

267 the strongest case for a volcanic cause of a mass extinction to date.

268 understood, and estimates have ranged from a mass extinction to limited extinctions of specific group

269 ed to test statistical methods of evaluating mass extinctions to account for the incompleteness of th

270 suggest that attention should be focused on mass extinctions to gain insight into modern species los

271 The other is that mass extinctions transcended any such interactions and g

272 fossil record shows that the end-Cretaceous mass extinction was far more severe than previously beli

273 The end-Permian mass extinction was followed by the formation of an enig

274 The Late Ordovician mass extinction was related to Gondwanan glaciation; how

275 The end-Permian mass extinction was the largest biotic crisis in the his

276 The Permian-Triassic mass extinction was the most severe biotic crisis in the

277 The end-Permian mass extinction was the most severe loss of marine and t

278 Two episodes of faunal mass extinction were each preceded by minima in the 2-MH

279 , and thereafter only the great era-bounding mass extinctions were able to break patterns of incumben

280 taxa that originated during recoveries from mass extinctions were commonly more widespread spatially

281 Environmental perturbations during mass extinctions were likely manifested differently in e

282 We then propose a new mathematical model of mass extinction which does not rely on coevolutionary ef

283 re two proposed causes of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, which includes the demise of nonavian d

284 ps predict that the rebound from the current mass extinction will take at least 10 Myr, and perhaps 4

285 The end-Cretaceous mass extinction wiped out the dinosaurs, including many

286 observed for the strata spanning the marine mass extinction with carbonate-associated sulfate sulfur

287 Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and associated mass extinctions with the Chicxulub bolide impact to wit

288 leogene (K-Pg) boundary is marked by a major mass extinction, yet this event is thought to have had l