ライフサイエンスコーパス: medulla

1 dder, pancreas, spleen, and renal cortex and medulla).

2 inhibitor, MS275, was delivered to the renal medulla.

3 n, and affect to the function of the adrenal medulla.

4 targets in the magnocellular nucleus of the medulla.

5 5c, and Tm20 in the second optic neuropil or medulla.

6 e cerebral cortex have access to the adrenal medulla.

7 ely low (<10%) in the renal cortex and renal medulla.

8 ible for acid-mediated currents in the mouse medulla.

9 pathway through the rostral ventral lateral medulla.

10 onstrate accurate drug delivery to the renal medulla.

11 ne alterations primarily involving the renal medulla.

12 th a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal medulla.

13 of oxygen, were determined in the cortex and medulla.

14 e hypothalamus and the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

15 ood tumor in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla.

16 sm and the structural integrity of the renal medulla.

17 echolaminergic neurons, in the ventrolateral medulla.

18 the cytosol in chromaffin cells from adrenal medulla.

19 by physiologic uptake by the normal adrenal medulla.

20 he lateral tegmentum of the middle or caudal medulla.

21 rotein levels and NO production in the inner medulla.

22 and it was higher in the cortex than in the medulla.

23 s back information to every cartridge in the medulla.

24 bodies subsequently move to cover the entire medulla.

25 iting both growth and function of the thymic medulla.

26 lphabetaT cell lineages to access the thymic medulla.

27 rity of which originate in the ventrolateral medulla.

28 chanism for concentrating urine in the inner medulla.

29 kidney injury but tended to decrease in the medulla.

30 neurons in the spinal cord and ventromedial medulla.

31 ressure control centers in the ventrolateral medulla.

32 nsive involvement of glomeruli, vessels, and medulla.

33 renal cortex and in three regions within the medulla.

34 to the production of dopamine in the adrenal medulla.

35 athetic ganglia, as well as from the adrenal medulla.

36 arby neurons located within the ventromedial medulla.

37 to neurons with respiratory functions in the medulla.

38 as yet unknown function in the ventrolateral medulla.

39 brain, namely, the cerebrum, cerebellum, and medulla.

40 a connectome of the repeating module of the medulla.

41 inated by respiratory centres in the ventral medulla.

42 e nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) in the medulla.

43 on of the capillary endothelium in the renal medulla.

44 ac1-Pet1 soma resident largely in the caudal medulla.

45 derived mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) to the medulla.

46 role for S1P in positioning cells within the medulla.

47 CBF) by activating the rostral ventrolateral medulla.

48 ritical maturation events occur later in the medulla.

49 he pancreas, spleen, renal cortex, and renal medulla.

50 area postrema (AP, 8%), caudal ventrolateral medulla (17%), midline raphe (40%), ventrolateral periaq

51 standard deviation) and 31 msec +/- 6; renal medulla, 1702 msec +/- 205 and 60 msec +/- 21; renal cor

52 8 was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the medulla (176%), pons (146%), midbrain (101%), hippocampu

53 1)C-PK11195 showed a higher BPND only in the medulla (32%).

54 tex was significantly lower than that in the medulla (6.2% vs. 11.5%, respectively; p<0.005).

55 increase) and the reticular formation of the medulla (6.5-fold increase).

56 Renal tubular repair in the outer medulla 7 days after IRI was significantly (P < 0.001) a

57 inhibition (6 h) of the rostral ventromedial medulla, a key area of the central nervous pathways for

58 e the processes that give rise to the thymus medulla, a site that nurtures self-tolerant T-cell gener

59 800 retinotopically organized columns in the medulla act as functional units for processing visual in

60 % reduced eNOS protein levels in their inner medulla along with a significant rise in BP relative to

61 The medulla also contains neurons that are active during REM

62 letion in the medulla, entry into the thymus medulla also fosters alphabetaT cell differentiation.

63 Activation of ASICs in the medulla also triggered neuronal excitation.

64 ascular contact at the rostral-ventrolateral medulla, altered baroreflex blood pressure regulation an

65 Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (AM) represent the main neuroendocrine adrenergi

66 trolateral medulla as well as in the adrenal medulla (AM), a major end organ of the sympathetic nervo

67 n species (ROS) levels in the CB and adrenal medulla (AM).

68 ophaea) maderae, is located in the accessory medulla (AME).

69 cy-tagged visual stimuli, selectivity in the medulla (an optic ganglion) preceded behavioral selectio

70 reBotzinger complex (preBotC) of the ventral medulla and a network of brainstem and spinal premotor n

71 4 (IL-4) at steady state were located in the medulla and conditioned medullary thymocytes.

72 eased early after uninephrectomy in both the medulla and cortex (P < .003), from 28.9 sec(-1) +/- 2.3

73 remained significantly decreased in both the medulla and cortex at 3 (P < .01) and 12 (P < .01) month

74 in expression was also observed in the renal medulla and cortex of Heph/Cp KO mice.

75 tion]) to (202 +/- 11) x 10(-5) mm(2)/sec in medulla and from (199 +/- 11) to (210 +/- 13) x 10(-5) m

76 c(-1) +/- 2.3 to 26.4 sec(-1) +/- 2.5 in the medulla and from 18.3 sec(-1) +/- 1.5 to 16.3 sec(-1) +/

77 he retinotopic connections received from the medulla and from the lobula, and the presence of large t

78 in mediating tubular cross-talk in the outer medulla and in suppressing neutrophil infiltration after

79 TSPO expression in the adrenal medulla and increased epinephrine production were also o

80 ss to IL-15 trans-presentation in the thymic medulla and influences the balance of early and late int

81 develops in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla and is elicited by forced Lin28B expression.

82 tinct channels that may converge in both the medulla and lobula complex.

83 amma-aminobutyric acid immunostaining of the medulla and LOX were compared between the praying mantis

84 e transport kinetics of the AuNPs in cortex, medulla and pelvis of the normal and injured kidneys, we

85 ted decreased iron accumulation in the renal medulla and significant attenuation of the renal inflamm

86 holamines from secretory vesicles in adrenal medulla and sympathetic axons.

87 ing 5-HT drive from the rostral ventromedial medulla and the contribution of 5-HT3 receptors in the t

88 mY cells forms a retinotopic map in both the medulla and the lobula complex, generating four overlapp

89 inotopic inputs from columnar neurons of the medulla and the lobula.

90 ganization and components of this crustacean medulla and the medullae of insects.

91 ns were performed in the kidneys (cortex and medulla) and livers of 27 adult pigs.

92 reduced the ER stress response in cortex and medulla, and also inhibited renal apoptosis.

93 mRNA expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and blocking orexin receptors markedly lowered

94 oxic sensing by the carotid body and adrenal medulla, and is required for maintenance of cardio-respi

95 atterns of RANK expression within the thymus medulla, and it shows that mTEC homeostasis is not a rat

96 In the kidney cortex, kidney medulla, and lungs, the TH-associated signature was dete

97 op carcinoma in the thymus, stomach, adrenal medulla, and mammary gland but not in other organs typic

98 In contrast, thymus, renal medulla, and regions of the brain and gut expressed subs

99 ASIC1a and ASIC2 are widely expressed in rat medulla, and the expression level is higher at neonatal

100 hery of the lymph node, predominantly in the medulla, and we found that expression of SPNS2, expressi

101 ution of the anatomical relationships in the medulla; and (c) improvements in mathematical modeling o

102 of the lncRNAs identified in the renal outer medulla appeared to lack a poly(A) tail.

103 In Drosophila, the T4 cells of the medulla are directionally selective and necessary for ON

104 in CIPA, but chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are spared.

105 icient mice suggest the rostral ventromedial medulla as an important site of the cannabinoid-mediated

106 g increase in urea transporters in the renal medulla as the result of increased protein intake promot

107 tractus solitarius and rostral ventrolateral medulla as well as in the adrenal medulla (AM), a major

108 their central targets in the spinal cord and medulla as well as in the nucleus of the solitary tract,

109 hat Postn-Cre ablates Hand2 from the adrenal medulla as well as the sphenopalatine ganglia of the hea

110 However, this was confined to the medulla, as the histone H3-acetylation was similar in th

111 for light-on and light-off in layers of the medulla associated with two anatomically derived pathway

112 th the neocortex as well as brainstem dorsal medulla autonomic microcircuits.

113 s of seven columns in the second neuropil or medulla behind the fly's compound eye.

114 f 74 lncRNAs was detected in the renal outer medulla between Dahl SS rats, a model of salt-sensitive

115 Discrete regions of the rostral ventromedial medulla bidirectionally influence pain perception, and l

116 ist rimonabant into the rostral ventromedial medulla blocked acetaminophen-induced antihyperalgesia,

117 the human thymus, FAT10 is localized in the medulla but not the cortex.

118 ng mechanisms are able to control the thymus medulla by operating on multiple mTEC targets.

119 ence that the kidney epithelium in the outer medulla can regulate granulopoiesis.

120 tion of moving bright edges (ON motion) with medulla cells Mi1 and Tm3 providing spatially offset inp

121 5 mum(3) for lamina cells and 3.8 mum(3) for medulla cells.

122 tion of this circuit, including midbrain and medulla, changes during opioid blockade.

123 l artery flow probes in the renal cortex and medulla, combination fiber-optic probes comprising a flu

124 visual projection neurons of the optic lobe medulla, completing a three-legged circuit that we call

125 The medulla contains over 80 types of neuron, which belong t

126 s factor receptor superfamily have on thymus medulla development and formation, and highlight the imp

127 a novel requirement for iNKT cells in thymus medulla development further highlights the role of both

128 Because the accessory medulla displayed SIFamide immunoreactivity and injectio

129 study of diversity and variability of Distal medulla (Dm) neurons, multicolumnar local interneurons i

130 be work on both the initial emergence of the medulla during embryogenesis, and the maintenance of the

131 anterior cingulate, thalamus, midbrain, and medulla during pain.

132 ng embryogenesis, and the maintenance of the medulla during postnatal stages.

133 would suppress Fos expression in the dorsal medulla during slow-onset hypoglycemia, revealing a cent

134 uring developmental progression and a thymic medulla-emanating sema3E gradient enhance thymocyte move

135 comprehensive three-dimensional view of the medulla emphasizes a complex topology favoring efficient

136 se interactions with both the cortex and the medulla, emphasizing the importance of thymus compartmen

137 cells are subject to clonal deletion in the medulla, entry into the thymus medulla also fosters alph

138 impact that T-cell development has on thymus medulla formation.

139 h innate and adaptive immune cells in thymus medulla formation.

140 Optogenetic activation of ventral medulla GABAergic neurons rapidly and reliably initiated

141 dings from channelrhodopsin-2-tagged ventral medulla GABAergic neurons showed that they were most act

142 chain reaction experiments of human adrenal medulla gland and of cultured human adrenal chromaffin c

143 revealed expression in lamina glia, in large medulla glia, in glia of the ocellar ganglion, and in as

144 neocortex, whereas in spinal cord, pons, and medulla GPR88 expression remains discrete.

145 Similar to many brain regions, the medulla has a repetitive columnar structure that support

146 e ensures short distances between cortex and medulla, hence efficient thymocyte migration, as assesse

147 l composition and architecture of the thymic medulla in DS individuals with increased frequencies of

148 itutive IFNAR signaling occurs in the thymic medulla in the absence of infection or inflammation.

149 the rostrocaudal extent of the ventrolateral medulla, in Sprague Dawley rats treated with hydralazine

150 and DCs form dedicated niches in the thymic medulla, in which CD27-CD70 co-stimulation rescues devel

151 he T-bet(+) IELp population localized to the medulla, included cells restricted by non-classical MHC

152 ggest that ASICs are highly expressed in the medulla including the VLM, and activation of ASICs in th

153 triggered typical ASIC-type currents in the medulla, including the VLM.

154 aorta, but >1000 genes altered in the renal medulla, including those regulating the endogenous nitri

155 peralgesia, while local rostral ventromedial medulla injection of AM 404 reduced hyperalgesia in wild

156 CB2 receptors in adult rostral ventromedial medulla is altered in persistent inflammation.

157 However, the renal medulla is devoid of classic lymphatics.

158 For example, during postnatal periods, the medulla is involved in the intrathymic generation of mul

159 tion of conventional alphabetaT cells to the medulla is mediated by the chemokine receptor CCR7, how

160 The Drosophila medulla is organized in layers and columns and innervate

161 We find that, within a medulla layer, processes of the cells of a given Dm neur

162 processes of the same cell type in different medulla layers.

163 for spreading depolarization (SD) in dorsal medulla, leading to cardiorespiratory collapse.

164 n Norway rats: the renal cortex, renal outer medulla, liver, cardiac left ventricle, adrenal gland, a

165 n microarray data from the kidney cortex and medulla, liver, lungs, and spleen were used from previou

166 26 different types of neurons of the lamina, medulla, lobula, and lobula plate.

167 actions involve separate oscillators in the medulla, located respectively in the pre-Botzinger compl

168 Our findings suggest that the Drosophila medulla M6 stratum contains diverse LNs that form repeat

169 er photoreceptor neurons that project to the medulla M6 stratum, with relatively little known of this

170 ue extracellular osmolality within the renal medulla modulates a specific gene expression pattern.

171 pressed in a temporal cascade in each of the medulla neuroblasts as they age.

172 ized in layers and columns and innervated by medulla neuron dendrites and photoreceptor axons.

173 spinal cord originate from separate ventral medulla neuron populations.

174 e a forward genetic approach to identify the medulla neuron Tm9 as critical for motion-evoked behavio

175 We then examined the pan-neural response of medulla neurons and found prominent selectivity for ligh

176 factor Nerfin-1 is expressed in early-stage medulla neurons and is essential for maintaining their d

177 de that Nerfin-1 represses Notch activity in medulla neurons and prevents them from dedifferentiation

178 ng in vivo patch-clamp recordings, that four medulla neurons implement these two processing steps.

179 Our data show that specific medulla neurons possess response properties that allow t

180 the Drosophila visual system, astrocyte-like medulla neuropil glia (mng) variants acquire stereotypic

181 esponses in the cardiovascular nuclei of the medulla oblongata and increase neuronal excitability.

182 In the medulla oblongata and pons, we detected Hoxa5 expression

183 m the presence of lesions of motor tracts in medulla oblongata and spinal cord associated with other

184 ATP released in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata during hypoxia attenuates the secondar

185 Thus, the ghrelin receptor occurs in the medulla oblongata in 1) second-order sensory neurons pro

186 Ventral regions of the medulla oblongata of the brainstem are populated by astr

187 e of lactate from the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata or cerebral cortex in brain slices of

188 on the cardio-respiratory oscillators in the medulla oblongata that modulate heart rate in phase with

189 at different brain regions, including pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum.

190 C1 neurons, located in the medulla oblongata, mediate adaptive autonomic responses

191 gic/catecholaminergic neurons located in the medulla oblongata, which may operate as a switchboard fo

192 tes residing near the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata.

193 rons located in the parafacial region of the medulla oblongata.

194 e of the facial nerve nucleus in the rostral medulla oblongata.

195 ession and relocalization from the cortex to medulla occurred between 12 and 24 h after the initial e

196 reteric bud capillaries in the nascent renal medulla of embryonic mice.

197 eased in both the renal cortex and the renal medulla of endotoxemic rats.

198 me iron content both in the renal cortex and medulla of Heph/Cp KO mice was significantly increased.

199 on were significantly decreased in the renal medulla of Heph/Cp KO mice, while the expression of DMT1

200 The cortex and medulla of LRRK2 KO rat kidneys become darkly pigmented

201 predominantly in the hypothalamus, pons, and medulla of posthatch chick brains, but not in some areas

202 The abundance of TNFalpha in the renal medulla of SS rats, but not the salt-insensitive congeni

203 ription of individual elements composing the medulla of that same species.

204 In the medulla of the Drosophila visual system, different neuro

205 ompare ADC and eADC values in the cortex and medulla of the kidney, to estimate image noise and varia

206 ells were found in the cortex but not in the medulla of the kidney.

207 y (AVP) conducts visual information from the medulla of the optic lobe via the anterior optic tubercl

208 ts distributed in foci around the cortex and medulla of tumor-draining popliteal LNs, while they were

209 lot analysis demonstrated UT-A1 in the inner medulla of UT-A1(+/+)/UT-A3(-/-) and wild-type mice, but

210 responsible for visual motion detection, the medulla, of Drosophila melanogaster in response to a ran

211 ization for thymic tolerance segregates from medulla organogenesis and instead involves LTbetaR-media

212 development despite loss of LTbetaR-mediated medulla organogenesis.

213 ones project to a common domain in the outer medulla, overlapping with the growth cones of other neur

214 t liver lobe, pancreas, and renal cortex and medulla, P < .008), intervendor differences were signifi

215 lly, we examine the evidence that the thymic medulla plays an important role during the intrathymic g

216 l cortical regions projecting to the adrenal medulla, positively correlated with increases in heart r

217 easing) pathway originating from the ventral medulla powerfully promotes REM sleep in mice.

218 ns), mapping soma localization to the caudal medulla primarily and axonal projections to brainstem mo

219 The renal medulla produces concentrated urine through the generati

220 Medulla projecting neurons arborize mainly in two of the

221 Here, we show that three types of medulla projection (Tm) neurons extend their dendrites i

222 hotoreceptors R7 and R8 and their downstream medulla projection (Tm) neurons Tm5a, Tm5b, Tm5c, and Tm

223 Here we identify three types of medulla projection neurons downstream of R7 and Dm8 and

224 DA mechanisms acting in rostral ventromedial medulla promote analgesia associated with exercise.

225 eceptor function in the rostral ventromedial medulla provides additional rationale for the developmen

226 lly, CD19+ B cells accumulated in the thymic medulla region juxtaposed to Foxp3+ T cells.

227 rforming TEC-specific deletion of the thymus medulla regulator lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTbetaR), w

228 ring alphabetaT cell development, the thymus medulla represents an essential microenvironment for T c

229 = .0006] and 21.3% [P = .0005] in cortex and medulla, respectively), which were accompanied by a prog

230 2 agonist, dDAVP, was delivered to the renal medulla resulting in a significant increase in water ret

231 lysis of germline VGF-knockout mouse adrenal medulla revealed decreased LDCV size in noradrenergic ch

232 reproenkephalin in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM) 72 hr after EA was increased (n = 9), com

233 st that neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are more responsive to excitation in sede

234 on of ethanol into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) elicits modest increases in local extrace

235 The rostral ventrolateral portion of the medulla (RVLM) is composed of heterogeneous populations

236 eceptor (sst2 ) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) lower sympathetic nerve activity, arteria

237 inergic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) maintain sympathetic vasomotor tone and b

238 lar control within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) using selective receptor antagonists.

239 ular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were microdissected for gene expression a

240 1) ]apelin-13 into the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), a major source of sympathoexcitatory neu

241 cells, located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), are activated by pain, hypoxia, hypoglyc

242 athetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), but the underlining electrophysiological

243 tract tracing from the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), express NPY Y1 receptor immunoreactivity

244 lamus (PeH) and in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), which results in the release of adrenali

245 tion of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

246 ascular regions of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (rVLM).

247 ensitive area, and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

248 structures, such as the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and locus coeruleus (LC).

249 onnectivity between the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and other brainstem pain-modulatory region

250 Neurons of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) are thought to critically contribute to th

251 ical stimulation of the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) facilitates pain behaviours in neonates bu

252 The rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) is a relay in the descending pain modulato

253 Neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) play critical and complex roles in pain mo

254 nociceptive role in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) under conditions of peripheral inflammator

255 iaqueductal gray to the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM).

256 ch are mainly derived from the rostroventral medulla (RVM).

257 to study variations between circuits in the medulla's neighboring columns.

258 he nucleus retroambiguus (NRA) in the caudal medulla serves as the final premotor interneuronal outpu

259 receptors reside in the rostral ventromedial medulla.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Acetaminophen is a widely

260 In all, our study demonstrates that thymus medulla specialization for thymic tolerance segregates f

261 Additional input to T5 comes from Tm9, the medulla target of a third lamina interneuron, L3, provid

262 hich are neuronal populations located in the medulla that are necessary for normal breathing.

263 occlusion and endothelial cell injury in the medulla that contribute to sickle cell nephropathy.

264 ry afferents, and the ventral surface of the medulla that includes the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN),

265 iophysical and paracrine events in the renal medulla that integrate the vascular and tubular response

266 columnar neurons in the second neuropil, or medulla, that relay input to T4 from L1, the ON-channel

267 ence shows that a small node of cells in the medulla - the most primitive part of the brain - may fun

268 Human hair has three main regions, the medulla, the cortex, and the cuticle.

269 We confirmed that the input neurons of the medulla, the LMCs, are not responsible for light-on and

270 udied descending system originating from the medulla, the neocortex provides dense anatomical project

271 In the outer medulla, the osmolality gradient arises principally from

272 In the inner medulla, the source of the osmotic gradient has not been

273 S, beginning in olfactory structures and the medulla, then progressing rostrally from the medulla to

274 In the renal medulla, there was significant phosphorylation of NKCC2

275 adient enhance thymocyte movement toward the medulla, thus enforcing the orchestrated lymphoid traffi

276 Sol) and paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5) in the medulla to drive a variety of protective behaviors.

277 urons in the spinal cord and/or ventromedial medulla to inhibit motor neurons.

278 ut also slowed down their transport from the medulla to pelvis and enhanced the cellular uptake.

279 as are the processes that enable the thymus medulla to support the balanced production of mTEC-depen

280 medulla, then progressing rostrally from the medulla to the pons, then to midbrain and substantia nig

281 tors, via interneurons in the lamina and the medulla, to direction-selective cells in the lobula and

282 de when microinjected into the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) of the anesthetized rat, suggesting select

283 ng ion channels (ASICs) in the ventrolateral medulla (VLM) remains uncertain.

284 eurons, located in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (VLM), are activated by pain, hypotension, hypog

285 project to interneurons in the ventromedial medulla (VMM) and spinal cord that in turn inhibit spina

286 Sympathetic ganglion and adrenal medulla volume and the expression level of Let-7a were n

287 ter to the sacral spinal cord in the lateral medulla was responsible for the development of urinary r

288 abundance of TNFalpha receptors in the renal medulla was significantly higher in SS rats than SS.13(B

289 AQP2 (pAQP2) protein expression in the inner medulla was similar in the two groups in baseline condit

290 he function of individual APC subsets in the medulla, we have gained greater understanding of the com

291 Mean ADCs of renal cortex and medulla were significantly higher in group A than in gro

292 mGluR5 in the PVN and rostral ventrolateral medulla were significantly higher in SHRs than in WKY ra

293 Cyclooxygenase-2 is expressed in the renal medulla where inhibition causes fluid retention and incr

294 e pre-Botzinger complex of the ventrolateral medulla, where it is thought that excitation increases i

295 oblastoma is often RD3-positive, the adrenal medulla, where many neuroblastomas originate, is RD3-neg

296 they connect to the nephron proper, into the medulla, where they release urine into the renal pelvis.

297 ce, developing T cells must enter the thymic medulla, where they scan antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

298 ionally dissect the parafacial region in the medulla, which contains key elements of the central patt

299 n species (ROS) levels in the CB and adrenal medulla, which were a result of DNA methylation-dependen

300 or subtypes make distinct connections in the medulla with four different TmY cells.