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1 of hESCs to near pure populations of ventral mesencephalic (A9-type) dopaminergic neurons has heighte
2 In vitro studies using primary cultures of mesencephalic and cerebellar granule neurons (CGN) and/o
3 , translational strategy that involved mouse mesencephalic and human induced pluripotent stem cells-d
4 AMPAR, mTOR and BDNF signaling in both mouse mesencephalic and human induced pluripotent stem cells-d
6 , pretectal area, nucleus of Darkschewitsch, mesencephalic and pontine reticular formation and pontin
8 l investigations have implicated a number of mesencephalic and telencephalic regions in mediating the
9 nfected neurons were detected in a number of mesencephalic and telencephalic regions, >50% of such ne
10 on reaggregate cultures derived from ventral mesencephalic and their striatal target neurons, as well
12 nal progenitors (NPs) arise from the ventral mesencephalic area by the combined actions of secreted f
14 fusion and induced numerous genes, including mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MAN
16 growth factor (PDGF)-like signaling induced mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MAN
18 determined that ER stress inducible protein Mesencephalic Astrocyte-derived Neurotrophic Factor (MAN
19 s, resulting in the reduced transcription of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MAN
21 he endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress protein mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MAN
22 es, which have previously been identified in mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor, a C
23 cytoprotection by maintaining expression of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neutrotrophic factor (MA
24 led family are involved in the patterning of mesencephalic boundaries through a mechanism classically
25 how that the positioning of the diencephalic-mesencephalic boundary (DMB) requires Engrailed paracrin
28 nd the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), adjoining mesencephalic cell groups that are strategically positio
31 study, we transplanted murine foetal ventral mesencephalic cells into rats rendered hemiparkinsonian
32 Indeed, transplantation of fetal ventral mesencephalic cells into the DA-deficient striatum was f
33 dissociated telencephalic, diencephalic, and mesencephalic cells of E14 mouse embryos with a targeted
34 ore, Fgf8 from the MHB may signal the nearby mesencephalic cells to impart distinct cell surface char
35 se gene (lacZ) indicate that transduction of mesencephalic cells with a helper virus-free HSV amplico
38 X from the nidopallium and arcopallium, the mesencephalic central gray, and the dorsolateralis anter
39 disease tremor is localized to pontine- and mesencephalic-cerebellar-thalamic circuits, with abnorma
41 ioid antagonists administered into misplaced mesencephalic control placements ventral and lateral to
42 gic neuronal damage (iv) in vitro in primary mesencephalic cultures and (v) in vivo in a zebrafish sy
44 tex, or mesencephalon were treated with LPS, mesencephalic cultures became sensitive to LPS at a conc
46 n of 5 mum HNE-modified oligomers to primary mesencephalic cultures caused marked neurotoxicity becau
48 on protected dopaminergic neurons in ventral mesencephalic cultures from Parkinson's disease-relevant
51 inergic cell line 1RB3AN27 (N27) and primary mesencephalic cultures in vitro and in adult mice in viv
59 nsfected dopamine neurons from embryonic rat mesencephalic cultures, we find distinct sorting and fat
61 ating peptide in both MN9D cells and ventral mesencephalic cultures, whereas knockdown of endogenous
67 ves the survival and phenotype expression of mesencephalic DA neurons in culture while simultaneously
70 such as the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2, to mesencephalic DA neurons prior to transplantation (ex vi
71 evidence for reduced growth and survival of mesencephalic DA neurons, associated with a decrease in
72 tamatergic cophenotype in the development of mesencephalic DA neurons, opening new perspectives into
73 he type 2 vesicular glutamate transporter in mesencephalic DA neurons, we hypothesized that this coph
76 uts from the precommand nucleus (PCN) at the mesencephalic-diencephalic border and the ventroposterio
77 y factor in the preferential degeneration of mesencephalic dopamine (DA)-synthesizing neurons in PD.
78 rmine if L1 can prevent anoikis in grafts of mesencephalic dopamine neurons after transplantation.
80 nsofar as previous studies implicate ventral mesencephalic dopamine neurons as an essential component
81 ase have shown that transplants of embryonic mesencephalic dopamine neurons form new functional conne
83 e measured tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA in mesencephalic dopamine neurons in human brain and found
85 sion of Nurr1 increases the vulnerability of mesencephalic dopamine neurons to dopaminergic toxins.
86 better understand the development of ventral mesencephalic dopamine neurons, we performed subtractive
88 ribe a fourth major pathway originating from mesencephalic dopamine neurons: a mesothalamic system.
89 ge a specific neural circuitry including the mesencephalic dopamine system and its target areas, the
90 sfunction due to progressive degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substanti
91 ophic factor that promotes survival of adult mesencephalic dopaminergic (mDA) neurons and regulates t
93 hysiological and neurochemical properties of mesencephalic dopaminergic (mesDA) neurons derived from
98 f Akt/mTor signaling in surviving endogenous mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons by viral vector trans
100 kinson's disease has been questioned because mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons do not degenerate dur
102 atment, strongly suggest that dysfunction of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in Pink1(-/-) mice is
103 heless, we have previously demonstrated that mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in primary monolayer
104 at nicotine-induced structural plasticity at mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons involves alpha4beta2
105 minergic SH-SY5Y cells and fetal rat ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons protected against 6-h
106 We found that mutant primary cortical and mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons were more susceptible
108 nologically detectable within MPP(+)-treated mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, dopaminergic nigral
109 s, in both transfected cells and rat primary mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, suggesting heteromer
115 active hybridization screens to find ventral mesencephalic genes expressed at rat embryonic day 10 wh
116 n with PD received bilateral putaminal fetal mesencephalic grafts as part of an NIH-sponsored double-
117 culture results, tenascin- and L1 Ab-treated mesencephalic grafts did not yield an increase in the nu
119 e spinal cord, as well as various medullary, mesencephalic, hypothalamic, thalamic, and telencephalic
122 ation increases following stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) in an in vitro isol
123 We found that electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) inhibited the disch
126 comotor movements.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) plays a crucial rol
128 s believed to be organized serially from the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) to reticulospinal n
129 l ganglia, which in turn project down to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), a brainstem region
130 and indirect pathway-mediated control of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), a brainstem target
131 ch overlaps with the physiologically defined mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), is necessary for t
133 ne nucleus is one of the major nuclei of the mesencephalic locomotor region and has neurons related t
134 ore, they receive functional inputs from the mesencephalic locomotor region and have electrophysiolog
137 ed from the brainstem (by stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region, MLR) with locomotion evo
138 ught to be initiated by projections from the mesencephalic locomotor region, the latter through a dis
147 In contrast to trunk neural crest cells, mesencephalic neural crest cells apparently fail to expr
150 ts suggest that a subpopulation of migrating mesencephalic neural crest cells is refractory to catech
154 uman neuroblastoma cell line and rat primary mesencephalic neuron cultures, the present study examine
155 The results demonstrated that in a primary mesencephalic neuron-glia culture system, extracellular
156 rotected dopaminergic neurons in rat primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures against lipopolysacch
157 lpyridinium (MPP+) -treated C57 mice primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures as an in vitro Parkin
160 ively toxic to dopaminergic neurons in mixed mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures through nicotinamide
162 fects on dopaminergic neurons in rat primary mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures treated with LPS.
167 oluble aggregates, we probed the cytosols of mesencephalic neuronal (MES) cells, normal and alpha S-t
168 gh a systematic centrifugal fractionation of mesencephalic neuronal cell lines and transgenic mouse b
173 report here that benomyl exposure in primary mesencephalic neurons (ii) inhibits ALDH and (iii) alter
174 n of differentiating neuroblastoma cells and mesencephalic neurons and axon outgrowth and sprouting o
177 s in C2-ceramide-treated primary cultures of mesencephalic neurons and differentiated pheochromocytom
180 ene abolished complex I activity in midbrain mesencephalic neurons cultured from embryonic day (E) 14
183 ing animals, we find that the DA signal from mesencephalic neurons projecting to the NAc shell is dom
184 , we treated cotransfected cells and primary mesencephalic neurons with either colchicine, vinblastin
185 lization of CRF-BP and CRF2R in cultured rat mesencephalic neurons, and the localization and interact
186 e rat brain tissue as well as in cultures of mesencephalic neurons, further excluding the possibility
187 sin increased dopamine uptake in rat primary mesencephalic neurons, suggesting that DAT activity is a
188 f Parkinsonism (SH-SY5Y cotransfected cells, mesencephalic neurons, transgenic mice overexpressing al
196 cell loss in a small subset of brainstem and mesencephalic nuclei and widespread aggregation of the a
197 licated the majority of the diencephalic and mesencephalic nuclei in electrosensory, visual, and acou
198 mediodorsal thalamus, dorsal raphe, and deep mesencephalic nuclei, and sparse projections go to prefr
199 al gray (VLPAG) and the adjacent dorsal deep mesencephalic nucleus (dDpMe) contain GABAergic neurons
200 deep layers of the superior colliculus/deep mesencephalic nucleus (deep SC/DpMe), and the lateral me
201 otransmitters is from the region of the deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe) just ventrolateral to the p
203 midbrain, both the optic tectum and lateral mesencephalic nucleus contained numerous Gly-ir neurons.
204 l synapses between neurons of the trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus in rat brain slices are similarly
206 , the hippocampus, the substantia nigra, the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the cochl
207 r hypothalamus, precommissural nucleus, deep mesencephalic nucleus, and periaqueductal gray (PAG) of
210 non-specifically toxic to neurons in ventral mesencephalic organotypic slice cultures, indicating tha
212 paminergic signaling is a hallmark of severe mesencephalic pathologies such as schizophrenia and psyc
213 by the emotional motor system, in which the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray (PAG) plays a central
214 activity within the brainstem, including the mesencephalic pontine reticular formation, and the anter
215 ralateral superior colliculus, dorsal raphe, mesencephalic, pontine and medullary reticular formation
216 withdrawal induce a rise in activity in the mesencephalic-pontine reticular formation (MPRF), an are
217 e demonstrate how a previously unappreciated mesencephalic population controls thalamic relay neuron
218 ), which receives dense projections from the mesencephalic precommand nucleus (PCN) and the adjacent
219 nvironment, we analyzed embryonic day 12 rat mesencephalic precursor cells in traditional cultures wi
222 e importance of cortico-striatal and cortico-mesencephalic projections remains unclear, particularly
223 nuclei of the amygdala, ventral hippocampus, mesencephalic raphe nuclei, and novel localizations in t
224 al tegmental area, the rhabdoid nucleus, the mesencephalic raphe nuclei, and the dorsal tegmental nuc
225 trate that ex vivo gene transfer of bcl-2 to mesencephalic reaggregates is ineffective in increasing
227 mammillary, ventral lateral geniculate, deep mesencephalic, red, pedunculopontine and laterodorsal te
229 pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg), a mesencephalic region that provides input to several nucl
230 ll detectable by immunohistochemistry in the mesencephalic region, with particularly intense expressi
232 rug words in cocaine-addicted individuals in mesencephalic regions as possibly associated with dopami
233 ine users only, these increased drug-related mesencephalic responses were associated with enhanced ve
236 to the supraoculomotor area from the central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF), a region impli
237 deep layers of the superior colliculus/deep mesencephalic reticular formation (deep SC/Me) mediates
240 alic nucleus (deep SC/DpMe), and the lateral mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) that in turn pro
241 l mapping of the two major components of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), namely the pedu
242 ve correlation between prefrontal cortex and mesencephalic reticular formation (RF) activity, and a w
243 entrolateral PAG, the cuneiform nucleus, the mesencephalic reticular formation, and the superior coll
245 cular nucleus, retrorubral area, and lateral mesencephalic reticular nucleus), respiratory control (l
246 mic site received a projection from the deep mesencephalic reticular, pedunculopontine tegmental, dor
247 be identified in the brain as the trigeminal mesencephalic root, some Schnauzenorgan trigeminal affer
248 nd nucleus of the posterior tuberculum); (3) mesencephalic sensory structures (optic tectum, dorsal a
253 ranial neural crest, dorsal neural tube, and mesencephalic tectum, pretectum, and base, and at the mi
254 telencephalon, caudal preoptic area, dorsal mesencephalic tegmentum, and rostral rhombencephalon.
255 ptic tectum and torus semicircularis, in the mesencephalic tegmentum, in the cerebellar crest, in the
256 c areas, optic tectum, torus semicircularis, mesencephalic tegmentum, interpeduncular nucleus, superi
257 A network of activations in pons, midbrain (mesencephalic tegmentum, parabrachial nucleus, and peria
258 bulbs, pallium, basal ganglia, diencephalon, mesencephalic tegmentum, rhombencephalon, and spinal cor
259 enzyme form expressed in brain extracts from mesencephalic tegmentum, striatum, and hippocampus with
261 BA neurons and show that they occupy ventral mesencephalic territory in a temporally and spatially sp
262 data indicate that the survival of embryonic mesencephalic TH-ir neurons is increased when Epo is adm
263 Clinical use of allografts of fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue as a treatment to replace dopaminer
267 Intrastriatal transplants of human foetal mesencephalic tissue in Parkinson's patients have demons
268 that xenografts of embryonic porcine ventral mesencephalic tissue in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned,
270 miparkinsonian rat, preincubation of ventral mesencephalic tissue with PD169316 prior to transplantat
271 intrastriatal grafts of human fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue, rich in dopaminergic neuroblasts,
273 side-effect of intrastriatal foetal ventral mesencephalic transplantation in patients with Parkinson
278 ive contacts between intracellularly stained mesencephalic trigeminal jaw-muscle spindle afferent bou
281 ere observed traveling toward and contacting mesencephalic trigeminal neurons, some of which were mul
283 elevated transgene expression throughout the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Me5) of the brain stem
284 n A immunoreactivity was examined in the rat mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (MTN), using orexin A i
286 Jaw muscle spindle afferents (JMSA) in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus (Vme) project to the pa
287 the presence of the descending tract of the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus in Alligator and other
288 ant reticular cells and large neurons in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus were immunoreactive for
289 muscle spindle afferent axons located in the mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus were physiologically id
290 ucleus of lateral lemniscus, pontine nuclei, mesencephalic trigeminal nucleus, external cuneate nucle
292 intense in sensory nerve tracts such as the mesencephalic trigeminal tract, vestibulospinal tract, o
293 /LacZ reporter in the sensory neurons of the mesencephalic trigeminal, but not other Brn3a midbrain n
294 hereas normal numbers were found for sensory mesencephalic trigeminal, facial, and trochlear motoneur
295 rpin RNAs at E16 into cells along the dorsal mesencephalic ventricle interferes with their normal mig
297 PC12-alphaSyn) cells and rat primary ventral mesencephalic (VM) cultures exposed to MPP+ neurotoxicit
300 of normal anatomic projections from ventral mesencephalic (VM) grafts placed in the substantia nigra
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