ライフサイエンスコーパス: metabolic rate

1 duced the impact of the mesopredator on prey metabolic rate.

2 sed systemic vascular resistance) and higher metabolic rate.

3 ow maximal exercise capacity and low resting metabolic rate.

4 eding the scaling expected by differences in metabolic rate.

5 -agonist and reduces beige and brown adipose metabolic rate.

6 e hearts and explained by an increased basal metabolic rate.

7 is equivalent to 4.0 +/- 0.1 times the basal metabolic rate.

8 grp mRNA expression, AGRP plasma levels, and metabolic rate.

9 intolerance, increased appetite and reduced metabolic rate.

10 ontractions initiated from rest and a raised metabolic rate.

11 wed when exercise is initiated from a raised metabolic rate.

12 % carbohydrate, provided to measured resting metabolic rate.

13 ansgenic mice continued to have an increased metabolic rate.

14 e, without appreciable changes in aspects of metabolic rate.

15 contribute to the hypoallometric scaling of metabolic rate.

16 supply and demand to the observed scaling of metabolic rate.

17 ogenesis and a paradoxical increase in basal metabolic rate.

18 the production of NADPH to the mitochondrial metabolic rate.

19 tability of behavioral rhythms, and elevated metabolic rate.

20 etween those with high and low mass-specific metabolic rate.

21 in brain size, cognitive sophistication, and metabolic rate.

22 ause it was associated with a higher resting metabolic rate.

23 vex curvature) for the allometric scaling of metabolic rate.

24 ect a barefoot step frequency that minimizes metabolic rate.

25 ding animals have among the highest recorded metabolic rates.

26 ng cells coordinate protein translation with metabolic rates.

27 lassically inferred from allometry of animal metabolic rates.

28 e interested in theories of the allometry of metabolic rates.

29 rds that have exceedingly high mass-specific metabolic rates.

30 ta consisting of species-averaged masses and metabolic rates.

31 igh-LMA taxa that were likely to have slower metabolic rates.

32 , RI also correlates with basal and specific metabolic rates.

33 sulted in greater immunocompetence and lower metabolic rates.

34 Glucose metabolic rate, (18)F-FDG phosphorylation rate, and VB w

35 ic nerve stimulation were used to manipulate metabolic rate: 3 min stimulation at 0.33 Hz (S1), follo

36 Overall, the cerebral metabolic rate accounted for the current level, or immin

37 y, but how selection on different aspects of metabolic rates affects their mutual evolution is poorly

38 An increased metabolic rate, along with changes in energy allocation,

39 Metabolic rate also differed in the late postprandial pe

40 hysical activity recall and measured resting metabolic rate also suggested that individuals significa

41 Glucose metabolic rate and (18)F-FDG phosphorylation rate were h

42 -fed eNOS transgenic mice displayed a higher metabolic rate and attenuated hypertrophy of white adipo

43 that derive allometric relationships between metabolic rate and body mass are based on the architectu

44 is of the scaling relationship between field metabolic rate and body mass in individual birds and mam

45 is a close to 3/4-power scaling law between metabolic rate and body mass in organisms, across and wi

46 able intraspecific scaling relationships for metabolic rate and body shape.

47 ergetic cost in NAL than SAL via an elevated metabolic rate and changes to the metabolome.

48 ing and spousal controls had similar resting metabolic rate and core body temperature.

49 letion improved insulin action and increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure in diet-induced ob

50 ced adiposity was the result of an increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure.

51 ogeneous group of mammals to actively reduce metabolic rate and enter a condition of regulated hypome

52 re was a steady increase in Prochlorococcus' metabolic rate and excretion of organic carbon.

53 ld, brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases its metabolic rate and expands its mass to produce heat requ

54 etabolic phenotyping demonstrated both basal metabolic rate and feeding were lower for the LERKO mice

55 stimulation of GCG-producing neurons reduces metabolic rate and food intake in fed and fasted states

56 of an animal's energy budget; thus, standard metabolic rate and growth rate are two measures frequent

57 dy the effects of different prey on standard metabolic rate and growth rate as well as the effects th

58 ization with all fish maintaining a standard metabolic rate and growth rate lower than expected when

59 iets, which may result in a reduced standard metabolic rate and growth rate.

60 significant effect of prey type on standard metabolic rate and growth rate.

61 also appear to be more active, with a higher metabolic rate and healthier lipid metabolism.

62 nding induced by MCFVv is coupled to reduced metabolic rate and inhibition of cellular proliferation.

63 wer questions about the body mass scaling of metabolic rate and its taxonomic universality/heterogene

64 , M-PKCdeltaKO mice also exhibited decreased metabolic rate and lower levels of some proteins of the

65 24EE) predictions based on estimated resting metabolic rate and physical activity level are often ina

66 The relationship between metabolic rate and population density generally follows

67 otypic variation in the relationship between metabolic rate and population density.

68 An analogous relationship between metabolic rate and water volume in river networks has al

69 resolve symptoms and to normalize the basal metabolic rate and/or serum protein-bound iodine level,

70 st comprehensive database of published field metabolic rates and body masses of individual birds and

71 ements to relate assimilatory NO3- uptake to metabolic rates and calculate continuous uptake rates fo

72 With SML fluid ingestion, greater metabolic rates and cooler thermal sensations were obser

73 lobal warming and eutrophication will affect metabolic rates and dissolved oxygen dynamics in the fut

74 from skeletal muscle, resulting in increased metabolic rates and improved whole-body insulin sensitiv

75 , 15, 20 and 25 degrees C) for 7 days, their metabolic rates and upper thermal limits were measured,

76 elevated metabolic costs (+8.8% maintenance metabolic rate) and increased foraging rates (+37%).

77 ow cost of ion regulation (6-15% of standard metabolic rate) and inherent variation associated with w

78 g the development of the host immune system, metabolic rate, and at times, disease pathogenesis.

79 tum food intake at a test meal, normal basal metabolic rate, and evidence of autonomic dysfunction.

80 eptide-expressing neurons can alter feeding, metabolic rate, and glucose production independent of th

81 , such as surface marker expression, a lower metabolic rate, and increased longevity.

82 Weight gain, insulin sensitivity, metabolic rate, and liver lipid content were also compar

83 m, with long lifespans, low reproductive and metabolic rates, and elevated somatic defences at the sl

84 this relationship have used basal or resting metabolic rates, and/or have used data consisting of spe

85 ; spring soil temperatures and thus pathogen metabolic rates; and changing spring soil moisture condi

86 Metabolic rates are correlated with many aspects of ecol

87 a covariate, so effects of selection on the metabolic rates are mass adjusted (that is, independent

88 Field metabolic rates are more ecologically relevant and are p

89 from the literature, we show that individual metabolic rates are negatively correlated with populatio

90 s a remarkable state of heterothermy wherein metabolic rates are reduced, core body temperatures reac

91 We suggest that density-dependent metabolic rates arise via competitive effects on foragin

92 experimental results suggested increases in metabolic rate as a driving factor.

93 ndividual air-breathing can be influenced by metabolic rate as well as personality, but the mechanism

94 d an experiment quantifying barefoot walking metabolic rate at different step frequencies, specifical

95 consistently increased (+10% average) their metabolic rate at preferred barefoot vs. preferred shod

96 We observed that the metabolic rate at the beginning of successive instars sc

97 inversely correlated with regional cerebral metabolic rate at voxel level over time.

98 However, average barefoot walking metabolic rates at the preferred barefoot and shod step

99 zation was uncorrelated with a difference in metabolic rate between surface and cave populations of a

100 Size, metabolic rate, biochemical content, and gene expression

101 n two key parameters of the S-I model: basal metabolic rate (BMR) and thermal conductance.

102 ent intakes, body composition, and the basal metabolic rate (BMR) in obese female patients during the

103 ious studies have indicated that a low basal metabolic rate (BMR) is an independent predictor of futu

104 s energy absorption <84% of calculated basal metabolic rate (BMR), wet weight (WW) absorption <23 g .

105 t direct selection on mass-independent basal metabolic rate (BMR).

106 jectively measured data for basal or resting metabolic rate (BMR/RMR), total daily energy expenditure

107 coupled from other parameters, such as basal metabolic rate, body size, or body temperature.

108 ere is considerable unexplained variation in metabolic rates both within and across species after bod

109 eactions and organism physiology (e.g. basal metabolic rates) but has not been examined at the metabo

110 ns that could give rise to density-dependent metabolic rates, but this has generally not been investi

111 ed mutualism that maximizes their collective metabolic rate by recycling organic carbon through compl

112 Measuring metabolic rates by (13)C-metabolic flux analysis ((13)C-

113 cient mice are obese and exhibit a decreased metabolic rate caused by impaired nonshivering thermogen

114 e exhibit impaired thermogenesis and reduced metabolic rate, causing weight gain despite hypophagia.

115 h bacterioplankton community composition and metabolic rates changed in relation to temperature.

116 The cerebral glucose metabolic rate (CMRglu) was measured by positron emissio

117 ew big animals per area with high individual metabolic rates compared to abundant small species with

118 had greater immunocompetence and lower basal metabolic rates compared with chicks on both low LCPUFA

119 lover and partial-volume corrections and the metabolic rate constants in a 3-compartment model are si

120 ximum life span indicate that primates' slow metabolic rates contribute to their characteristically s

121 Sustained increases to baseline metabolic rate could lead to energetic reallocations awa

122 e model suggests that a decrease in cerebral metabolic rate, coupled with the stabilizing properties

123 Resting metabolic rate, daily energy expenditure, milk energy ou

124 age- and diet-induced insulin resistance and metabolic rate decline.

125 llow for maintenance of a normal fetal basal metabolic rate despite low fetal insulin and glucose con

126 en contractions were initiated from a raised metabolic rate despite uniform muscle stimulation and in

127 Furthermore, PDXs from tumors with a higher metabolic rate displayed a rank order of uptake similar

128 families and the dependence of abundance and metabolic rate distributions on taxonomic tree structure

129 in food supply with long-lasting effects on metabolic rate due to compensatory growth, while simulta

130 FGFR4 ASO treatment increased basal metabolic rate during free-feeding conditions and, more

131 nd is expressed in other tissues with a high metabolic rate, facilitates the uptake of triglyceride-d

132 ily energy expenditure was measured as field metabolic rate (FMR).

133 ic scaling approach, we find that growth and metabolic rates follow theoretical predictions across cl

134 on, using (3)H-substrates for measurement of metabolic rates, followed by metabolomic analysis and su

135 allowing asymmetric gaits all decrease human metabolic rate for a given speed and alter human kinemat

136 istically significant difference in cerebral metabolic rate for glucose between APOE varepsilon4+ and

137 (95% CI, 10-24 years) for precuneus cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, age 15 years (95% CI, 7-20 y

138 We hypothesized that the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2 ) will be reduced near

139 < 0.05), resulting in a maintained cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2).

140 less, the increase in the estimated cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen and the arterial-internal jugu

141 oxygen extraction fraction, and the regional metabolic rate for oxygen.

142 ping algorithms to compare regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose and gray matter volumes in c

143 dard uptake value ratios, precuneus cerebral metabolic rates for glucose, hippocampal gray matter vol

144 s had significantly lower precuneus cerebral metabolic rates for glucose, smaller hippocampal volume,

145 Respective estimated Vmax values (maximum metabolic rate) for these metabolites were 11.8 +/- 4, 0

146 tabolism has implications for the scaling of metabolic rates from individuals to populations and the

147 f carbon flux and temperature in influencing metabolic rate, growth rate, lifespan, body size, abunda

148 The size of an organism reflects its metabolic rate, growth rate, mortality, and other import

149 Results suggest that individual metabolic rates, growth, and turnover proceed as quickly

150 Decreased metabolic rate, however, did not reverse any ALS-related

151 We also infer that the metabolic rate (i.e. energy consumption rate) of cortica

152 nd direct disturbance by motorboats elevated metabolic rate in Ambon damselfish (Pomacentrus amboinen

153 very (heterosis) of egg viability and flight metabolic rate in crosses with other populations.

154 A high metabolic rate in myeloproliferative disorders is a comm

155 les by inhibiting food intake and increasing metabolic rate in rodent models.

156 the mice experiments, we measured a cerebral metabolic rate in the cortex of 0.22 +/- 0.10 mumol/g/mi

157 colouration and energetic processes such as metabolic rate in vertebrates, and may therefore support

158 tabolism provide testable predictions of all metabolic rates in an organism, by assuming that the cel

159 g coupling of chemical composition traits to metabolic rates in field-based studies.

160 advantage to larger eggs and faster juvenile metabolic rates in streams lacking carcasses but not in

161 xia-telangiectasia had widespread changes in metabolic rates including hyperactivity in globus pallid

162 The metabolic rates increase monotonically with speed.

163 neuropsychological performance and cerebral metabolic rate increased in most patients.

164 gradient for all species, but mass-specific metabolic rates increases only modestly.

165 ial performance and elevated ventilation and metabolic rates (indicators of stress) compared with con

166 importantly, prevented adaptive decreases of metabolic rate induced by caloric restriction.

167 ry outcomes were individual metabolic fuels, metabolic rate, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine

168 luded that dinosaurs exhibited mesothermy, a metabolic rate intermediate between endothermy and ectot

169 ves) are unusual in that their mass-specific metabolic rate is positively associated with body size.

170 ir activity ceases, development is arrested, metabolic rate is suppressed, and tolerance of environme

171 Standard metabolic rate is the minimal maintenance metabolic rate

172 TEE is attributable to humans' greater basal metabolic rate (kcal day(-1)), indicating increased orga

173 Patlak graphical analysis gave metabolic rates (Ki, the irreversible uptake rate consta

174 OCs that are slowly metabolized by animals (metabolic rate kM < 0.01 day(-1)) and are moderately hyd

175 ts including adult weight (L = 0.12), flight metabolic rate (L = 0.53), egg viability (L = 0.37), and

176 essure, systemic hyperthermia, and increased metabolic rate, leading to relevant pathophysiological a

177 rgy intake and expenditure, such as feeding, metabolic rate, locomotor activity, arousal, growth and

178 eart rate [fH ] and ventilation rate [fV ]), metabolic rate (M O2), and cellular enzyme activity were

179 ure (Tb ), electromyographic activity (EMG), metabolic rate (M) and whole-body thermal sensation on a

180 Since metabolic rate may influence lifespan, we investigated w

181 Instead, higher metabolic rates may amplify deleterious effects in males

182 erent variation associated with whole-animal metabolic rate measurements have made it difficult to co

183 cal, and magnetic resonance imaging cerebral metabolic rate measurements.

184 y selected for high maximal mass-independent metabolic rate (MMR) without direct selection on mass-in

185 Maintenance of metabolic rate (MR, the energy cost of self-maintenance)

186 effect of posture, future studies of resting metabolic rates need to take into account and/or report

187 eraction coefficients to predict the overall metabolic rate of a well-mixed microbial community compr

188 rd metabolic rate is the minimal maintenance metabolic rate of an ectotherm in a post-absorptive and

189 ial blood ammonia concentration and cerebral metabolic rate of blood ammonia (CMRA).

190 For this simple community, the metabolic rate of can be well predicted only with taking

191 However, we now show that the metabolic rate of CTB is much greater than the SCT.

192 We find that the metabolic rate of endotherms undergoing their primary mo

193 ine receptor 1A (5-HT(1A)) PET with cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc) PET for temporal lobe

194 action approaches on the determined cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc).

195 he time course of variations in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRglc).

196 The investigation of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlu) at baseline and durin

197 F-18 deoxyglucose with heparin pretreatment, metabolic rate of glucose (MRGlc) was significantly incr

198 afterward to estimate left ventricular (LV) metabolic rate of glucose (MRGlu).

199 ulated to be maximum transport rate/cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (T(max)/CMR(glc)) = 2.25 +/- 0

200 During unconsciousness, cerebral metabolic rate of glucose and cerebral blood flow were p

201 p based on regional patterns of the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose as measured with (18)F-FDG PET

202 ng sleep and anesthesia, the global cerebral metabolic rate of glucose has been proposed as an indica

203 used to measure differences in the cerebral metabolic rate of glucose in the following regions of in

204 Measurements of the cortical metabolic rate of glucose oxidation [CMR(glc(ox))] have

205 vicular temperatures (TSCR) from IRT and the metabolic rate of glucose uptake (MR(gluc)) from PET/CT

206 Compared with controls, the metabolic rate of Gpat4(-/-) mice fed a 45% fat diet was

207 interaction of CD81 with SAMHD1 controls the metabolic rate of HIV-1 replication by tuning the availa

208 Here we show that the metabolic rate of human walking can be reduced by an unp

209 /[glucose + 1/2 lactate]; OCI), the cerebral metabolic rate of O2 (CMRO2) and changes in mitochondria

210 ng, drinking, urinating, and defecating at a metabolic rate of only 25% of the summer activity rate.

211 s of that required by an increasing cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ( CM RO2); (2) the trans-cerebr

212 ake, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) under normoxic and hy

213 extraction fraction (OEF), and (3) cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2).

214 Tissue-level metabolic rate of oxygen (MRO2) in BAT was determined an

215 xygen extraction fraction [OEF] and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen [CMRO2]) were calculated.

216 flow, cerebral oxygen delivery, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen increased significantly in the

217 tabolism (cerebral oxygen delivery, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen, and oxygen extraction fraction

218 pirometry, our study examined changes in the metabolic rate of resource prey exposed to combinations

219 onsumption of calories by an increase in the metabolic rate of resting skeletal muscle.

220 The metabolic rate of skeletal muscle can be increased by sh

221 While the freezing process affects the basal metabolic rate of the cells, the optical metabolic imagi

222 t doubt on the previous supposition that the metabolic rate of the placenta is dominated by the SCT c

223 thoracic pressure and in the work output and metabolic rate of the respiratory muscles.

224 owing fish was observed, indicating a higher metabolic rate of white muscle.

225 netic underpinnings of the increased glucose metabolic rates of cancer cells.

226 cocaine-experienced, monkeys showed greater metabolic rates of glucose utilization during a multidim

227 Temperature increases consumption by and metabolic rates of herbivores, but this response does no

228 Tissues with high metabolic rates often use lipids, as well as glucose, fo

229 The power-law dependence of metabolic rate on body mass has major implications at ev

230 on were evaluated: three required estimating metabolic rate; one estimated dead-space fraction direct

231 ws for direct tests of whether mass-specific metabolic rate or body size is the more important factor

232 evidence of a disproportionate loss of high-metabolic rate organs (heart, liver, kidney, spleen) com

233 sons, we hypothesize that maintaining a high metabolic rate over the majority of the day, through saf

234 movement sleep (P < 0.001) and the sleeping metabolic rate (P = 0.02), increased glucose (P = 0.02)

235 sleeping metabolic rate (PALSMR) and resting metabolic rate (PALRMR), activity-induced energy expendi

236 enditure expressed as a multiple of sleeping metabolic rate (PALSMR) and resting metabolic rate (PALR

237 Components of energy balance (resting metabolic rate, physical activity thermogenesis, diet-in

238 Components of energy balance (resting metabolic rate, physical activity thermogenesis, energy

239 0% in FAT10ko mice, coincident with elevated metabolic rate, preferential use of fat as fuel, and dra

240 n lineage has experienced an acceleration in metabolic rate, providing energy for larger brains and f

241 g cells are persisters, cells with decreased metabolic rate, refractory to killing by these drugs, an

242 cause mean temperatures are warmer there and metabolic rates respond exponentially to temperature (wi

243 rming may still be greater there even though metabolic rates respond exponentially to temperature.

244 range of global patterns in the magnitude of metabolic rate responses to warming could emerge dependi

245 tly fast in higher latitude/elevation lakes, metabolic rate responses to warming may still be greater

246 eltaWG compared with DeltaRG) in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) (43 +/- 25 kcal/d; P = 0.04), stool

247 s were analyzed for association with resting metabolic rate (RMR) and 24-h EE assessed in a whole-roo

248 Jeor, or Owen equations to estimate resting metabolic rate (RMR) and 6 questions from the revised AL

249 Leptin contributes to the control of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and blood pressure (BP) through its

250 f brain glucose uptake to the body's resting metabolic rate (RMR) and daily energy requirements (DER)

251 might be reflected in changes in the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and formation of reactive oxygen sp

252 Resting metabolic rate (RMR) in juvenile salmon and trout is pos

253 We investigated the effect of the resting metabolic rate (RMR) on objective measures of whole-day

254 Respiratory quotient (RQ) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured.

255 ence suggests that fat-free mass and resting metabolic rate (RMR), but not fat mass, are strong predi

256 r greater than expected reduction of resting metabolic rate (RMR).

257 ntified noninvasively, is the retinal oxygen metabolic rate (rMRO2).

258 the most central biological allometry is how metabolic rate scales with body size.

259 he extent to which feeding history, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and aerobic scope (AS), interact to

260 try was used to estimate individual standard metabolic rate (SMR) and the tendency to utilize aerial

261 Flexibility in standard metabolic rate (SMR) may be particularly important since

262 accelerate metamorphosis, increase standard metabolic rate (SMR), and elevate whole-body content of

263 the whole night and separately for sleeping metabolic rate (SMR; ie, 3-h period during the night wit

264 y of the development of correlations between metabolic rates (specifically oxygen uptake, glucose con

265 tabolic adaptation to breakfast (eg, resting metabolic rate stable within 11 kcal/d), with limited su

266 on body composition or any change in resting metabolic rate (stable within 8 kcal/d).

267 elated disorders involving tissues with high metabolic rate such as brain, liver and heart.

268 y is influenced by factors beyond minimizing metabolic rate, such as shoe properties and/or perceived

269 been proposed to counteract the decrease in metabolic rate that is usually present during weight los

270 r 6 d (calculated as 1.5 times their resting metabolic rate) then in the same subjects fed a controll

271 ass and temperature are strong predictors of metabolic rates, there is considerable unexplained varia

272 dapted to warmer climates have reduced their metabolic rates, thereby increasing their propensity to

273 planations for the hypoallometric scaling of metabolic rate through ontogeny generally fall into two

274 This could allow the organism to adjust its metabolic rate to accommodate diet-induced thermogenesis

275 ure interactions in intraspecific scaling of metabolic rate to be common.

276 of cancer in large mammals with low specific metabolic rates to altered cancer cell metabolism result

277 asure thermal tolerances and preferences and metabolic rates to assess rates of energy use and acquis

278 The responses of metabolic rates to climate warming may be greatest in th

279 ce induces browning and increases whole-body metabolic rate under thermoneutral conditions.

280 model liquid organelles can lead to enhanced metabolic rates under some conditions, but that very str

281 d on the level of muscle hyperaemia when the metabolic rate varies.

282 The mean power-law scaling exponents of metabolic rate vs. body mass relationships were 0.71 [95

283 On average, cerebral glucose metabolic rate was 10% higher for IDIF-based quantificat

284 Basal metabolic rate was increased in the sucrose group, where

285 Resting metabolic rate was significantly elevated in PT males, w

286 g for large interspecific differences in net metabolic rates, we demonstrate, contrary to prevailing

287 Static and parametric images of glucose metabolic rate were obtained to determine lesion volumes

288 ize and temperature are considered, dinosaur metabolic rates were intermediate to those of endotherms

289 ass spectrometry) suggested that accelerated metabolic rates were involved.

290 swim performance and greater respiration and metabolic rates were observed in F1-generation zebrafish

291 d H[(13)C]O3(-) provided a single definitive metabolic rate, which was then used to convert relative

292 change food intake, glucose homeostasis, and metabolic rate while playing a role in anxiety behaviors

293 y matter tissues demonstrated higher glucose metabolic rates while glucose was under tight control as

294 h the loss of fat mass and increase in basal metabolic rate with browning of white adipose tissue.

295 branching orders, and exponents for scaling metabolic rate with plant size (or number of terminal ti

296 associations of body size and mass-specific metabolic rate with substitution rate.

297 We concomitantly measured field metabolic rates with the doubly-labelled water method an

298 y of Kleiber's law, the power law scaling of metabolic rates with the mass of an organism.

299 or a large amount of unexplained variance in metabolic rates within and among species.

300 an exoskeleton, but is it possible to reduce metabolic rate without providing an additional energy so