ライフサイエンスコーパス: metanephric

1 ordia within the mesonephric (embryonic) and metanephric (adult) kidneys and the Mullerian duct, the

2 e group reported the intriguing finding that metanephric allografts and congenic, major histocompatib

3 At E14.0, expression was noted in the metanephric artery and its major branches.

4 ein level is sufficient for establishing the metanephric blastema and inducing the ureteric bud forma

5 In these triple mutants, the metanephric blastema condenses, and expression of early

6 mal interaction between the ureteral bud and metanephric blastema leads to renal hypodysplasia, vesic

7 mal interaction between the ureteral bud and metanephric blastema resulting in CAKUT.

8 ed here demonstrate that Eya 1 specifies the metanephric blastema within the intermediate mesoderm at

9 aintenance/growth and differentiation of the metanephric blastema, and constitutively activated STATs

10 mal proliferation and differentiation of the metanephric blastema.

11 ted by ingrowth of the ureteric bud into the metanephric blastema.

12 stablished from wild-type and PDGFR-beta -/- metanephric blastemas at 11.5 days post-conception.

13 Metanephric capillaries express Tie genes, whereas metan

14 tisense-oligodeoxynucleotide or -antibody in metanephric culture induced dysmorphogenesis of the kidn

15 Comparison of metanephric cultures from Ahr+/+ and Ahr-/- mice showed

16 For further testing of the role of CFTR, metanephric cultures were prepared from mice with a targ

17 C chemokines and their receptor CXCR2 during metanephric development and suggest a novel mechanism fo

18 e for Notch signaling during early stages of metanephric development has not been defined.

19 We also found that during metanephric development immunoreactive HB-EGF was detect

20 mpared with the primate kidney, and abnormal metanephric development in culture in the absence of bet

21 eteric bud formation at the initial stage of metanephric development in most Gdf11 mutant embryos exa

22 In this study, examination of metanephric development in Pbx1(-/-) embryos was conduct

23 R2, were expressed at the earliest stages of metanephric development in the rat, and signaling throug

24 g capillaries toward forming nephrons during metanephric development in vitro.

25 y of activities in vitro and is required for metanephric development in vivo.

26 lized to somites and neural tube, and during metanephric development predominantly to the ureteric bu

27 Its role in metanephric development was investigated.

28 genes corresponding to the earliest stage of metanephric development, and underexpressed genes corres

29 In contrast to its specific roles in metanephric development, Eya 1 appears dispensable for t

30 for cell survival and proliferation in early metanephric development, whereas others, including SIX1,

31 e for Six1 in the initial inductive step for metanephric development.

32 nf-expressing mesenchyme to ensure continued metanephric development.

33 morphogenesis of the ureteric bud and, thus, metanephric development.

34 ox11 paralogs (Hoxa11, Hoxc11 and Hoxd11) in metanephric development.

35 the Osr1(+) population prior to the onset of metanephric development.

36 pport a model where Hox11 paralogs specify a metanephric developmental program in responsive intermed

37 ractions, its deficiency may have led to the metanephric dysmorphogenesis and consequential atrophy o

38 ssion is induced 15- to 20-fold after 5 d in metanephric explant culture.

39 was unaffected by the antisense treatment of metanephric explants.

40 in human organogenesis; on the basis of the metanephric expression pattern, the results suggest that

41 plays a central role in the specification of metanephric fate and in the maintenance of metanephric m

42 a critical determination factor in acquiring metanephric fate within the intermediate mesoderm and as

43 We transplanted syngeneic metanephric grafts, allografts, and class II mismatched

44 he phosphotyrosine kinase domains, inhibited metanephric growth in the organ culture; the most dramat

45 on of nephric duct elongation and failure of metanephric induction in the Odd 1(-/-) mutant embryos.

46 ype demonstrates that Hox11 control of early metanephric induction is accomplished by the interaction

47 nf-Ret signal transduction pathway initiates metanephric induction, no single regulator has yet been

48 enesis that is a likely result of failure of metanephric induction.

49 ome necessary to revise the classic model of metanephric induction.

50 ic bud outgrowth and a subsequent failure of metanephric induction.

51 Osr1 deficiency in mice results in metanephric kidney agenesis, whereas knockdown or mutati

52 chymal precursors within the mesonephric and metanephric kidney and is subsequently downregulated upo

53 scription factor expressed in the developing metanephric kidney and other organs.

54 e that the majority of cell types within the metanephric kidney arise from an Osr1(+) population of m

55 Development of metanephric kidney begins with ureteric bud outgrowth fr

56 SCF elicits growth-promoting effects in the metanephric kidney by expanding one or more components o

57 Development of the metanephric kidney crucially depends on proper interacti

58 Development of the metanephric kidney depends on precise control of branchi

59 Development of the metanephric kidney depends on tightly regulated interpla

60 cid following the teratogenic insult rescued metanephric kidney development and abrogated several ext

61 intermediate mesoderm, the earliest step of metanephric kidney development and the molecular mechani

62 ial structures, especially the notochord, in metanephric kidney development has not been directly exa

63 suggesting a critical role for this gene in metanephric kidney development.

64 The metanephric kidney develops from interactions between th

65 Functional experiments utilizing murine metanephric kidney explants show that BMP4, a paracrine

66 During fetal development, nephrons of the metanephric kidney form from a mesenchymal progenitor po

67 t express several other factors required for metanephric kidney formation, including Eya1, Six2, Pax2

68 During its organogenesis, the mammalian metanephric kidney generates thousands of nephrons over

69 (20% O2) or low oxygen (1-3% O2) conditions, metanephric kidney growth and morphology were assessed b

70 6 d in culture in serum-free, defined media, metanephric kidney growth and morphology were assessed.

71 Development of the metanephric kidney in mammals requires complex reciproca

72 ber, Hoxc11, results in the complete loss of metanephric kidney induction.

73 Development of the metanephric kidney involves the establishment of discret

74 The metanephric kidney is a mesodermal organ that develops a

75 The mammalian metanephric kidney is derived from the intermediate meso

76 e Wolffian duct (WD), the initiating step in metanephric kidney morphogenesis, is dependent on GDNF;

77 e the number of nephrons that form in rodent metanephric kidney organ cultures.

78 de new insights into the cellular origins of metanephric kidney structures and lend support to a mode

79 Mice lacking all Hox11 activity fail to form metanephric kidney structures.

80 nchyme regulates growth and branching in the metanephric kidney through the local regulation of urete

81 The metanephric kidney was studied in fetal and older mice b

82 ud epithelia during early development of the metanephric kidney, and disruption of the PKD1 gene in m

83 s mutants are born with abnormalities of the metanephric kidney, including duplex kidneys and double

84 ll states that accompany the assembly of the metanephric kidney, likely reflecting diverse regulatory

85 When transplanted into the metanephric kidney, LRTC but not non-LRTC were integrate

86 u hybridizations with Wnt7b, a marker of the metanephric kidney, show that the branching defect was n

87 bud (UB) is critical for development of the metanephric kidney, the specific patterns of branching a

88 of the ureteric bud) or more differentiated metanephric kidney.

89 ze in the ureteric bud branches of embryonic metanephric kidney.

90 to the ureteric bud epithelium of the fetal metanephric kidney.

91 ching morphogenesis, the ureteric bud of the metanephric kidney.

92 as a factor necessary for development of the metanephric kidney.

93 required for the correct positioning of the metanephric kidney.

94 Embryonic metanephric kidneys also undergo branching morphogenesis

95 the developing kidney vasculature, avascular metanephric kidneys from rat embryos (E14) were cocultur

96 cell differentiation, and vasculogenesis in metanephric kidneys in culture.

97 ureteric bud lumen of embryonic day 11 mouse metanephric kidneys resulted in disrupted branching morp

98 Culture of mouse metanephric kidneys with antisense oligonucleotides to b

99 nder defined conditions in organ cultures of metanephric kidneys, c-kit-positive cells, including the

100 exhibit complete agenesis of adrenal glands, metanephric kidneys, gonads, and defects in pericardium

101 s, since Wnt4 knockout mice, which also lack metanephric kidneys, show normal expression of Myh7, Myl

102 h due to a malformed diaphragm and they lack metanephric kidneys.

103 merulogenesis and branching morphogenesis of metanephric kidneys.

104 ring development of several organs including metanephric kidneys.

105 the intermediate mesoderm to the posterior, metanephric level.

106 procal induction of the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyma.

107 We previously showed that isolated metanephric mesenchymal (MM) and ureteric bud (UB) cells

108 ted by a coordinated reciprocal induction of metanephric mesenchymal (MM) and ureteric bud (UB) cells

109 f Wnt signaling leads to profound changes in metanephric mesenchymal cell morphology, including disru

110 of molecular markers specific for different metanephric mesenchymal cell types.

111 unostaining is evident on a subpopulation of metanephric mesenchymal cells and on putative progenitor

112 involvement in PDGF-induced DNA synthesis in metanephric mesenchymal cells and provides the first evi

113 Metanephric mesenchymal cells express vimentin and alpha

114 d explored the biological effects of PDGF in metanephric mesenchymal cells in an attempt to determine

115 At E17.5-18.5, metanephric mesenchymal cells undergo high rates of apop

116 Gain of Six2 function in cortical metanephric mesenchymal cells was sufficient to prevent

117 GF stimulates proliferation and migration of metanephric mesenchymal cells, from which mesangial cell

118 also induces migration and proliferation of metanephric mesenchymal cells.

119 h actin fibers and focal adhesion plaques in metanephric mesenchymal cells.

120 tion utilizing an organ culture model of rat metanephric mesenchymal differentiation, which recapitul

121 rate renal tubule formation in uninduced rat metanephric mesenchymal explants.

122 hibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) as a metanephric mesenchymal growth factor.

123 ular transformation of primary rat embryonic metanephric mesenchymal precursor cells (MM cells) by KS

124 t maintain the undifferentiated state of the metanephric mesenchymal precursor cells have not yet bee

125 ne the role of Wnt signaling, we treated rat metanephric mesenchymal progenitors directly with recomb

126 In metanephric mesenchymal rudiments, fgfr1 and fgfr2 appea

127 xpressed in ureteric bud/collecting duct and metanephric mesenchymal/nephron lineages.

128 ced sevenfold more glomeruli than did intact metanephric mesenchyme (5 glomeruli, 127 tubules).

129 Mutual interaction between the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) and the ureteric bud (UB) in

130 sence of a conditioned medium derived from a metanephric mesenchyme (MM) cell line.

131 canonical Wnt signaling is not activated in metanephric mesenchyme (MM) during its conversion to the

132 neage tracing studies suggest that condensed metanephric mesenchyme (MM) gives rise to nephronic epit

133 disruptions led to more medially positioned metanephric mesenchyme (MM) in midgestation.

134 The embryonic mammalian metanephric mesenchyme (MM) is a unique tissue because i

135 We find that the expression of Grem1 in the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) is Six1-dependent.

136 ssed in the ureteric bud (UB) epithelium and metanephric mesenchyme (MM) lineages.

137 owth factor receptors (Fgfrs) 1 and 2 in the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) of mice leads to a virtual a

138 Analysis of the progression of the metanephric mesenchyme (MM) through four stages of tubul

139 dneys, aberrant cell death occurs within the metanephric mesenchyme (MM), particularly in the cortica

140 s likely due to a defect in induction of the metanephric mesenchyme (MM), which along with the ureter

141 ed medium secreted by cells derived from the metanephric mesenchyme (MM).

142 s dynamically regulated in cultured isolated metanephric mesenchyme (MM).

143 ival and maintenance of the undifferentiated metanephric mesenchyme (MM).

144 sis of the ureteric bud (UB) [induced by the metanephric mesenchyme (MM)] is necessary for normal kid

145 Kidney epithelia develop from the metanephric mesenchyme after receiving inductive signals

146 nt and in response to inductive signals, the metanephric mesenchyme aggregates, becomes polarized, an

147 5 results in improper differentiation of the metanephric mesenchyme and absence of essential developm

148 Normally, GDNF is secreted by the metanephric mesenchyme and acts via receptors on the Wol

149 They are expressed in the early metanephric mesenchyme and are required for the inductio

150 nectin-deficient ureteric buds to invade the metanephric mesenchyme and begin branching.

151 cell line thought to originate in the early metanephric mesenchyme and glial cell line-derived neuro

152 signaling molecule GDNF is expressed in the metanephric mesenchyme and has recently been implicated

153 hat PDGFR beta localizes to undifferentiated metanephric mesenchyme and is later expressed in the cle

154 e enriched in the ureteric bud compared with metanephric mesenchyme and predicted to code for secrete

155 pment have considered the interaction of the metanephric mesenchyme and the ureteric bud to be the ma

156 ined its ability both to promote survival of metanephric mesenchyme and to induce nephrogenesis in cu

157 tion of two embryonically distinct analages, metanephric mesenchyme and ureteric bud.

158 teractions between the ureteric bud (UB) and metanephric mesenchyme are crucial for tubulogenesis dur

159 ractions between the ureteric epithelium and metanephric mesenchyme are essential for kidney morphoge

160 ions between the ureteric epithelium and the metanephric mesenchyme are needed to drive growth and di

161 dicate that Sall1-dependent signals from the metanephric mesenchyme are required to modulate ureteric

162 s between the embryonic ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme are the basis for kidney developm

163 g kidney, Six1 is expressed in the uninduced metanephric mesenchyme at E10.5 and in the induced mesen

164 Eya1 expression was unaffected in Six1(-/-) metanephric mesenchyme at E10.5, indicating that Eya1 ma

165 Sall1 expression was markedly reduced in the metanephric mesenchyme at E10.5, indicating that Six1 is

166 a8 integrin-null mutants specifically in the metanephric mesenchyme at the time of ureteric bud invas

167 pm7 is essential for kidney development from metanephric mesenchyme but not ureteric bud.

168 be traced to a delay in the invasion of the metanephric mesenchyme by the ureteric bud at an early s

169 ble factor(s) in the conditioned medium of a metanephric mesenchyme cell line is essential for multip

170 eiotrophin, from the conditioned medium of a metanephric mesenchyme cell line that induces isolated u

171 ble factors derived from an embryonic kidney metanephric mesenchyme cell line.

172 ctors present in the conditioned medium of a metanephric mesenchyme cell line.

173 In branching UBs induced by whole metanephric mesenchyme cell-conditioned medium, prolifer

174 8 gene is expressed together with Hoxa 11 in metanephric mesenchyme cells, and mutation of Integrin a

175 Osr1, Eya1, Pax2 or Wt1 gene function in the metanephric mesenchyme compromises the formation of the

176 During kidney development, the metanephric mesenchyme contributes to emerging epitheliu

177 As a result of this induction, most of the metanephric mesenchyme converts into epithelium of a nep

178 Although, in vivo, metanephric mesenchyme development occurs simultaneously

179 In the embryonic kidney, progenitors in the metanephric mesenchyme differentiate into specialized re

180 Smad4-deficient metanephric mesenchyme does not display defects in induc

181 onship between Pax, Eya and Six genes in the metanephric mesenchyme during early kidney development i

182 al, proliferation and differentiation of the metanephric mesenchyme during kidney development.

183 In situ, the ureteric bud expressed LIF, and metanephric mesenchyme expressed its receptors.

184 me and proper demarcation of mesonephric and metanephric mesenchyme from the WD depends on RetY1015 s

185 nd/or miRNAPG mutations show a pre-induction metanephric mesenchyme gene expression pattern and are s

186 vitro and in vivo, a fraction of the induced metanephric mesenchyme in Cad-6 mutant kidneys fails to

187 During kidney development, factors from the metanephric mesenchyme induce the growth and repeated br

188 the subsequent invasion of the bud into the metanephric mesenchyme initiate the process of metanephr

189 As such, the metanephric mesenchyme is a renal progenitor cell popula

190 By contrast, BMP7 expression in the metanephric mesenchyme is dependent on proteoglycans and

191 We demonstrate that Pax2 expression in the metanephric mesenchyme is independent of induction by th

192 egrin, invasion by the ureteric bud into the metanephric mesenchyme is inhibited, resulting in renal

193 cular mechanism for induction of Gdnf in the metanephric mesenchyme is not completely defined.

194 ow that both Eya1 and Six1 expression in the metanephric mesenchyme is preserved in Pax2(-/-) embryos

195 between the branching ureteric buds and the metanephric mesenchyme lead to mesenchyme-to-epithelium

196 he overexpression of beta-catenin within the metanephric mesenchyme leads to ectopic and disorganized

197 Second, beta-catenin overexpression in the metanephric mesenchyme leads to elevated levels of trans

198 inactivation of p53 in the UB but not in the metanephric mesenchyme lineage recapitulated the duplex

199 The ureteric bud invades the metanephric mesenchyme normally, but subsequent bud bran

200 The metanephric mesenchyme of mutant embryos lacking a urete

201 The metanephric mesenchyme of these mutants fails to express

202 lator has yet been identified to specify the metanephric mesenchyme or blastema within the intermedia

203 e or together with Bmp7) maintained isolated metanephric mesenchyme or sorted nephron progenitors tha

204 f metanephric fate and in the maintenance of metanephric mesenchyme proliferation and survival by act

205 n which the elevation of beta-catenin in the metanephric mesenchyme results in cell-autonomous and no

206 ent in a conditioned medium derived from the metanephric mesenchyme that supports non-branching growt

207 etween the ureteric bud epithelium, inducing metanephric mesenchyme to differentiate into nephrons, a

208 vates the expression of Six2 and Gdnf in the metanephric mesenchyme to drive nephrogenesis.

209 , mimicking the effect of BMP-7 on embryonic metanephric mesenchyme to generate epithelium.

210 for the normal nephrogenesis response of the metanephric mesenchyme to inductive signals from the ure

211 types of epithelial cells differentiate from metanephric mesenchyme to populate nephrons.

212 renal collecting system induces surrounding metanephric mesenchyme to proliferate and differentiate

213 k by antagonizing inductive signals from the metanephric mesenchyme to the illegitimate sites on the

214 angial cell precursors from undifferentiated metanephric mesenchyme to the mesangial area.

215 In vivo, the bl/bl bud fails to invade metanephric mesenchyme which undergoes involution, event

216 f8 expression was reduced in early-stage DKO metanephric mesenchyme, accompanied by reduced levels of

217 It is believed that Gdnf, produced in the metanephric mesenchyme, activates Ret signaling in the W

218 ity preferentially in epithelia derived from metanephric mesenchyme, and defects in kidney architectu

219 Mice lacking Odd1 do not form metanephric mesenchyme, and do not express several other

220 posterior intermediate mesodermal cells, the metanephric mesenchyme, and induces the formation of the

221 prouty1 and WT1 overlapped in the developing metanephric mesenchyme, and Sprouty1, like WT1, plays a

222 lling is not active in the early nephrogenic metanephric mesenchyme, but instead provide expressional

223 , the ureteric bud grows out and invades the metanephric mesenchyme, but it fails to initiate branchi

224 bryos by specifically expressing Six1 in the metanephric mesenchyme, but not the ureter, under contro

225 Indeed, when applied to isolated rat metanephric mesenchyme, CLF-1/CLC (3 nM) induced mature

226 Despite the restricted expression of Pbx1 in metanephric mesenchyme, developing nephrons, and stroma,

227 survival factors (EGF, bFGF) and inducers of metanephric mesenchyme, including the ureteric bud, spin

228 senchyme to differentiate into nephrons, and metanephric mesenchyme, inducing the ureteric bud to gro

229 ells interact with the adjacent cells of the metanephric mesenchyme, inducing their conversion into n

230 oligonucleotides reduced condensation of the metanephric mesenchyme, leading to a decreased number of

231 phric capillaries express Tie genes, whereas metanephric mesenchyme, maturing tubules, and mature pod

232 ured UB was recombined with freshly isolated metanephric mesenchyme, nephric units were induced in th

233 both DLG1 and CASK either 1) globally, 2) in metanephric mesenchyme, or 3) in nephron progenitors.

234 human embryos, OFD1a immunolocalized to the metanephric mesenchyme, oral mucosa, nasal and cranial c

235 clusters of epithelial progenitors from the metanephric mesenchyme, thereby separating them from the

236 owth factor receptors (fgfrs) 1 and 2 in the metanephric mesenchyme, we generated conditional knockou

237 by isolating epithelial progenitors from the metanephric mesenchyme, we show that they are targeted b

238 are thought to play an important role in the metanephric mesenchyme, when cells aggregate to form the

239 ficient to trigger tubulogenesis in isolated metanephric mesenchyme, whereas Wnt-11 which is expresse

240 ney, the epithelial ureteric bud invades the metanephric mesenchyme, which directs the ureteric bud t

241 its effects on the adjacent ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme, which fail to grow and different

242 Hoxa11 expression is restricted to the early metanephric mesenchyme, which induces ureteric bud forma

243 een the epithelial ureteric bud and adjacent metanephric mesenchyme, which is induced by the bud to f

244 The metanephric mesenchyme-derived signals that control gene

245 l morphogenesis of both the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme-derived structures.

246 ially modulates nephron development from the metanephric mesenchyme.

247 ngle isolated bud and its recombination with metanephric mesenchyme.

248 tage E12.5 in the murine ureteric bud and/or metanephric mesenchyme.

249 of the progenitor cell population within the metanephric mesenchyme.

250 the interaction of the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme.

251 ogether are critical for normal formation of metanephric mesenchyme.

252 anch, and the mice do not develop an obvious metanephric mesenchyme.

253 interaction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme.

254 and renal progenitors that are derived from metanephric mesenchyme.

255 uired for the earliest inductive response in metanephric mesenchyme.

256 ic buds, which branched independently of the metanephric mesenchyme.

257 interaction between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme.

258 ephric duct and its derivatives, but not the metanephric mesenchyme.

259 itioning of the ureteric bud, the inducer of metanephric mesenchyme.

260 by controlling the expression of Gdnf in the metanephric mesenchyme.

261 red for the expression of these genes in the metanephric mesenchyme.

262 functions downstream of Eya1 and Six1 in the metanephric mesenchyme.

263 o-epithelial transition in cultured isolated metanephric mesenchyme.

264 s with FGF receptors in the ureteric bud and metanephric mesenchyme.

265 d in tubular structures that derive from the metanephric mesenchyme.

266 wth and do not express GDNF in the uninduced metanephric mesenchyme.

267 ium, whereas alpha8beta1 is expressed in the metanephric mesenchyme.

268 so isolated and characterized cells from rat metanephric mesenchyme.

269 of the c-ret Rtk, is not detected in Eya1-/- metanephric mesenchyme.

270 l signaling between the ureteric bud and the metanephric mesenchyme.

271 gnaling can prevent apoptosis in explants of metanephric mesenchyme.

272 initial induction of Pax-2 expression in the metanephric mesenchyme.

273 cell-cell or cell-ECM interactions with the metanephric mesenchyme.

274 f2) is required for the specification of the metanephric mesenchyme.

275 s the expression of both Eya1 and Wt1 in the metanephric mesenchyme.

276 fian duct branches and invades the overlying metanephric mesenchyme.

277 activate expression of Six2 and Gdnf in the metanephric mesenchyme.

278 ng molecules, we developed an assay in which metanephric mesenchymes are rescued from apoptosis by fa

279 When separated 13 dpc rat metanephric mesenchymes were cultured in serum-free cond

280 the mutual induction of the ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm, whereas the malpighian tubules of

281 origin shared between caudal mesonephric and metanephric nephrons.

282 tanephric mesenchyme initiate the process of metanephric, or adult kidney, development.

283 Inhibition of gelB activity in metanephric organ culture disrupts branching morphogenes

284 Metanephric organ culture has been used to determine whe

285 ant human VEGF (5 ng/ml) was examined on rat metanephric organ culture, a model known to recapitulate

286 we examined the effect of low oxygen on rat metanephric organ culture, a model known to recapitulate

287 MGEC invaded the metanephric organs forming capillary-like structures wit

288 Metanephric organs induced a rearrangement of the endoth

289 Because VEGF is highly expressed by metanephric podocytes and collecting ducts, developing m

290 that OFD1 plays a role in differentiation of metanephric precursor cells.

291 ure and are associated with undifferentiated metanephric precursors.

292 Metanephric primordia from Hoxb7/GFP transgenic embryos

293 c kidney arise from an Osr1(+) population of metanephric progenitor cells.

294 os, we observe a partial transformation to a metanephric program of development.

295 exposure to excess retinoic acid well before metanephric rudiments exist leads to failure of kidney f

296 t an altered morphology and activate several metanephric specific markers normally confined to distal

297 s tubule forming progenitors and instructs a metanephric specific pattern of nephron differentiation.

298 hed strain and when the earliest dissectable metanephric structures were transplanted.

299 ption factor required for the maintenance of metanephric tubule progenitors.

300 ntial for the development of mesonephric and metanephric tubules and caudal extension of the Mulleria