ライフサイエンスコーパス: methane

1 ome anaerobic digesters converting wastes to methane.

2 ity impacts related to the biodegradation of methane.

3 mechanisms of the elementary reactions with methane.

4 nkcase emissions were the highest sources of methane.

5 which are an important source of atmospheric methane.

6 idation in controlling the fate of dissolved methane.

7 drocarbons, including simple alkanes such as methane.

8 is one of the few enzymes that can activate methane.

9 gas hydrate dissociation and the release of methane.

10 remains unchanged at -IV relative to that in methane.

11 and consumption of the potent greenhouse gas methane.

12 The utilization of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is an important compon

13 ificantly contribute to biosphere cycling of methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

14 et the positive warming potential of emitted methane, a process that has not received detailed consid

15 stable isotope ratios of carbon dioxide and methane, above and below the pycnocline along a salt wed

16 issolution accounts for approximately 10% of methane accumulated in the hypolimnion during summer str

17 ctional calculations show a reduction in the methane activation barrier from 1.07 eV on Co(0001) to 0

18 of active site formation to provide a map of methane activation rates.

19 In addition, the methane adsorption capacities increase after bio-treatme

20 t 8 p.p.b. per year increase in atmospheric methane after 2006, equivalent to net emissions increase

21 elatively simple method using high-precision methane analyzers in Google Street View cars.

22 bioreactor simultaneously consumed sulfide, methane and ammonium at the expense of nitrate.

23 ors and aircraft-level wind speed or between methane and BC emission factors.

24 lites are remarkably reactive, hydroxylating methane and benzene selectively at low temperature to fo

25 Diurnal measurements of methane and carbon dioxide mole fraction, and isotopic v

26 D s decreases with increasing methane and CO2 injecting pressure for samples with high

27 by oxidation with sulfate or conversion into methane and CO2 The controls on pathway and rate of the

28 ming of methane (DRM), i.e., the reaction of methane and CO2 to form a synthesis gas, converts two ma

29 ples characterized by fluids containing both methane and complex hydrocarbons, were characterized by

30 e demonstrate that a microbial loop shuttles methane and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to higher tro

31 Methane and DOC production and consumption within the co

32 Observed median combustion efficiencies for methane and ethane are close to expected values for typi

33 s almost 1/5 of the total field emissions of methane and ethane measured in the Bakken shale, more th

34 Methane and ethane sorption isotherms were measured to 3

35 thane, ethane, and combustion efficiency for methane and ethane.

36 e pH dependent routes to the major products, methane and ethylene, and identify the key intermediates

37 enhancement ratios of other species such as methane and formaldehyde were consistent with previous m

38 a very important role for the activation of methane and its reforming with CO2 at relatively low tem

39 Reaction mechanisms leading both to methane and methanol are considered.

40 Additional minor components are methane and methanol with concentrations up to 100 ppm.

41 spite the presence of detectable components (methane and methanol) with a concentration about 1000 ti

42 production of black carbon (BC) and loss of methane and other pollutants to the atmosphere, impactin

43 the lifetimes of reduced trace gases such as methane and the production of particulate matter importa

44 ectively cleave one of the four C-H bonds of methane and thus make it amenable for further chemical c

45 ), to ethanol, and to a panel of halogenated methanes and alcohols.

46 of the abstraction reactions of ground-state methane (and isotopologues) with atoms (F, Cl, O) and di

47 nd pathways for major products (ethylene and methane) and minor products (ethanol, glyoxal, glycolald

48 hree major greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) as well as carbon stable iso

49 ical intermediate, while carbon monoxide and methane are equally produced without illumination.

50 Transformations employ [B(pin)]2-methane as a conjunctive reagent, resulting in the forma

51 ced structure identified diaryldi(2-pyrrolyl)methane as a suitable scaffold with optimized alkyl ammo

52 By contrast, in seep samples with methane as the principal hydrocarbon, methane oxidation

53 tron diffraction of tri(3,5-tert-butylphenyl)methane at 20 K reveals an intermolecular C-H...H-C dist

54 o understand how cations favor ethylene over methane at low overpotentials on Cu(100).

55 ites that are able to cleave the C-H bond of methane at temperatures </=200 degrees C, enabling its s

56 thane produced, termed throughput-normalized methane average (TNMA) and determined by bootstrapping m

57 e [2,2'-((5,5'(di-p-topyldiaryldi(2-pyrrolyl)methane)bis(2,2'carbonyl)bis(azanediyl )) diethaneamine.

58 Current understanding of natural methane bubble size distributions is limited by the diff

59 n addition to potentially releasing sediment methane bubbles twice a day by entering and leaving the

60 a significant contribution to the North Sea methane budget.

61 We estimate that the activation energy for methane C-H bond cleavage is 9.5 kilojoule per mole (kJ/

62 ndolyl)-1-(p-hydroxy or p-carbomethoxyphenyl)methane (C-DIM) decreased PAX3-FOXO1A.

63 Although methane can be directly converted to methanol using mole

64 erm trend, regional variation and drivers of methane (CH4 ) emission remain unclear.

65 Methane (CH4 ) emissions from tropical wetlands contribu

66 anic soils is expected to increase landscape methane (CH4 ) emissions.

67 nic carbon (DOC), carbon dioxide (CO2 ), and methane (CH4 ) exported from a boreal peatland catchment

68 Biogenic production and release of methane (CH4 ) from thawing permafrost has the potential

69 NTP-assisted methane (CH4 ) oxidation over Pd/Al2 O3 was investigated

70 oil, emit globally significant quantities of methane (CH4 ), and are highly sensitive to climate chan

71 gas (GHG) exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O).

72 tidally-restricted salt marshes, substantial methane (CH4) and CO2 emission reductions can be achieve

73 itrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions to manure (Org-M) in comparison

74 olling the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) methane (CH4) emissions, yet these factors still require

75 affect the timing and magnitude of reservoir methane (CH4) fluxes to the atmosphere.

76 ed the potential for nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) generation in dissolved form at the base o

77 rbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) requires days of integration time with lar

78 tion of the substrate's electrons ends up as methane (CH4) through hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, a

79 icient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to methane (CH4) with application to biogas upgrading.

80 are the largest global source of atmospheric methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas.

81 to eventually give [Zr]-O(H)-B(H)(C6F5)2 and methane (CH4).

82 Natural gas (methane, CH4) is widely considered as a promising energy

83 s the sole energy source generating acetate, methane, chloride and biomass as products.

84 utrality with maximal net gain of power from methane combustion (0.198 kWh) and incineration of resid

85 xchange was the likely source of the highest methane concentrations (up to 1302 nM).

86 Elevated atmospheric methane concentrations during haze episodes would have e

87 Methane concentrations higher than 10 mg/L (n = 12) were

88 Methane concentrations stabilized in the early 2000s and

89 rved with increasing distance and decreasing methane concentrations.

90 ead also showed LREE removal concurrent with methane consumption.

91 ive, are identified as the precursors to the methane-converting active sites.

92 In addition to metal carboxylate and methane coproducts, reactions with CdMe2 produce surface

93 nation for the renewed growth in atmospheric methane, counterintuitively, involves a 25-Tg/y decrease

94 ave shown that the marker gene for anaerobic methane cycling (mcrA) is more widespread in the Archaea

95 nt Bathyarchaeota were also active, and that methane cycling genes are expressed by the Euryarchaeota

96 verse environments with sulfur, nitrogen and methane cycling, indicating that these novel Nitrospirae

97 Here, relevant methane-cycling microbial groups were investigated at tw

98 re we show that biomass burning emissions of methane decreased by 3.7 (+/-1.4) Tg CH4 per year from t

99 rm, and the C(13)/C(12) ratio in atmospheric methane (delta(13)CH4) from 1983 through 2015.

100 al mechanisms underlying the introduction of methane-derived carbon into the food web remain poorly d

101 lation of methanol, revealing a way in which methane-derived carbon may be routed to community member

102 toward more reducing conditions-featuring a methane-derived organic-haze-have recently been suggeste

103 The methane discharges on bathymetric highs characterized by

104 ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that methane dissociates on Co/CeO2 (111) at temperatures as

105 0-2 kt yr(-1)) and via diffusive exchange of methane dissolving in the surface mixed layer (1-5 kt yr

106 Syngas production via the dry reforming of methane (DRM) is a highly endothermic process conducted

107 The dry reforming of methane (DRM), i.e., the reaction of methane and CO2 to

108 d water-gas shift (WGS) and dry reforming of methane (DRM), two key industrial reactions with common

109 900 times greater than the diffusive sea-air methane efflux (17.3 +/- 4.8 mumol m(-2)d(-1)).

110 Polychaetes indirectly enhance methane efflux through bioturbation, while bivalves have

111 t imide 25 via rate-determining, first-order methane elimination (KIE approximately 8.7).

112 We present growing season soil chamber methane emission (FCH4 ), ecosystem respiration (ER), ne

113 We conclude that the ongoing and past methane emission episodes at the investigated sites are

114 Divergence in recent oil and gas related methane emission estimates between aircraft studies (bas

115 However, methane emission inventories from the Amazon floodplain,

116 Recently, the first methane emission measurements at three abandoned offshor

117 ng hydrocarbon wells constitutes a potential methane emission pathway that currently is not recognize

118 ich water from near the seafloor accompanies methane emissions and stimulates CO2 consumption by phot

119 eer region will need to focus on the >90% of methane emissions currently unmeasured or unreported.

120 rapid gas hydrate dissociation and enhanced methane emissions during the penultimate Heinrich event,

121 ion factors to estimate county-level enteric methane emissions for cattle and manure methane emission

122 eric methane emissions for cattle and manure methane emissions for cattle, swine, and poultry for the

123 rintuitively, involves a 25-Tg/y decrease in methane emissions from 2003 to 2016 that is offset by a

124 We report 65 individual measurements of methane emissions from 24 oil and gas facilities across

125 we use a Monte Carlo simulation to aggregate methane emissions from all components on natural gas pro

126 ovide an initial facility-specific survey of methane emissions from California oil and natural gas in

127 and superemitter policy options for reducing methane emissions from compressor stations in the U.S. t

128 In this study, methane emissions from HD natural gas fueled vehicles an

129 Combined enteric and manure methane emissions from livestock in Texas and California

130 by the authors to develop models to forecast methane emissions from the future HD transportation sect

131 Effectively mitigating methane emissions from the natural gas supply chain requ

132 hould be 2.5 +/- 0.5 times higher, and total methane emissions from the upstream oil and gas sector (

133 ly due to ruminant and waste sectors.India's methane emissions have been quantified using atmospheric

134 tions of distribution lines, thus minimizing methane emissions over short and long terms.

135 increasingly recognized as critical sites of methane emissions to the atmosphere, but the biogeochemi

136 as, to examine spatiotemporal variability of methane emissions using four methods.

137 ent makes it a major contributor to landfill methane emissions, but also presents an important opport

138 than the positive radiative forcing from the methane emissions.

139 anistic understanding of oil and gas related methane emissions.

140 ich account for a large proportion of global methane emissions.

141 The total mass of methane emitted as a percent of gross methane produced,

142 lysis to hydric soils sampled across a model methane-emitting freshwater wetland.

143 cused on the intriguing well-defined pelagic methane enriched zone (PMEZ) in freshwater lakes.

144 ubation experiments conducted with naturally methane-enriched waters from hydrocarbon seeps in the vi

145 y 2014 to calculate emission factors for BC, methane, ethane, and combustion efficiency for methane a

146 water near small purely hydrophobic solutes (methane, ethane, krypton, and xenon) to study hydrophobi

147 A gridded inventory for emissions of methane, ethane, propane, and butanes from oil and gas s

148 zed in-house standards and eight chlorinated methanes, ethanes, and ethenes.

149 thane seeps and/or strongly elevated sea-air methane flux always increase the global atmospheric gree

150 , and at most 15% of the diffusive air-water-methane flux from the epilimnion.

151 ere to increased nutrient availability, with methane fluxes controlled by the relative availability o

152 this wetland, we estimate that up to 80% of methane fluxes could be attributed to methanogenesis in

153 concentrations in the Archean, the sustained methane fluxes necessary for haze formation can only be

154 rmed that water molecules in the vicinity of methane form stronger, more numerous, and more tetrahedr

155 st that large future atmospheric releases of methane from old carbon sources are unlikely to occur.

156 release of teragrams (1 Tg = 10(6) tons) of methane from thawing subsea permafrost on shallow contin

157 Two samples contained methane from the fermentation pathway that could be asso

158 fundamental, of the extensive literature on methane functionalization.

159 stem several years after upward migration of methane gas occurred from the deeper Vermejo Formation c

160 erate chemicals like N2, O2, CO2, CO, H2, or methane gas to value-added products is a lively area of

161 iological means; however, the greenhouse gas methane has not been used with much success previously a

162 llow continental shelves and dissociation of methane hydrate on upper continental slopes.

163 from surface sedimentary reservoirs such as methane hydrates.

164 methylphosphonate, a metabolic precursor to methane in the upper ocean.

165 oposal that methylphosphonate is a source of methane in the upper, aerobic ocean, where phosphorus-st

166 carbon gas compositions indicate most of the methane in the wells was biogenic and produced by the CO

167 The atmospheric flux of methane (in CO2 equivalent units) was a major (35-53%) c

168 st identified by focusing on structures with methane-inaccessible pores blocked away from the main ad

169 19 Tg CH4 per year to the recent atmospheric methane increase, thus reconciling the isotopic- and eth

170 The conversion of methane into alcohols under moderate reaction conditions

171 In the deep ocean, the conversion of methane into derived carbon and energy drives the establ

172 ases (MMOs) mediate the facile conversion of methane into methanol in methanotrophic bacteria with hi

173 Methane is almost exclusively produced when rhodium nano

174 t least half of the TSLR due to increases in methane is expected to remain present for more than 200

175 Because the selective oxidation of methane is extremely challenging, there is considerable

176 Furthermore, the first C-H bond cleavage in methane is favored as the local oxidation state of Ni in

177 However, when X=Cl, only one equivalent of methane is lost with concomitant formation of benzene fr

178 s of local groundwater flow conditions, this methane is not a remnant but most likely the result of o

179 Methane isotopes and hydrocarbon gas compositions indica

180 methanogenesis, as suggested by analysis of methane isotopes.

181 used in the residential sector, with proper methane leakage control.

182 coal to shale gas, we estimate the breakeven methane leakage rates to be approximately 6.0%, 7.7%, an

183 measurement system was developed to quantify methane leaks and losses.

184 "scorpionate" tris(pyrazol-1-yl)-borate and -methane ligands.

185 f bases, and 28 bis- or tris(pyrazol-3(4)-yl)methane ligands.

186 ea thought to perform anaerobic oxidation of methane linked to iron reduction were abundant.

187 However, the ease of availability of aryl methanes makes them the most attractive as an aroyl sour

188 ose for the two lowest delta(13)C taxa, with methane-metabolizing gamma-proteobacteria.

189 nd sinks, using ground-based measurements of methane, methyl chloroform, and the C(13)/C(12) ratio in

190 Notably, this methane microbial fuel cell operates at high Coulombic e

191 tion spectroscopy experiments, we found that methane molecularly adsorbed as a strongly bound sigma c

192 Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is one of the few enzymes t

193 ymes such as tyrosinase (Ty) and particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO).

194 methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO).

195 ified against the highly-related particulate methane monooxygenase (pmoA).

196 of the catalytic sites in two MMOs: soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) and particulate methane mon

197 n hemerythrin, ribonucleotide reductase, and methane monooxygenase, all of which can bind NO and O2.

198 Methane monooxygenases (MMOs) mediate the facile convers

199 thermodynamically viable in copper-dependent methane monoxygenase enzymes.

200 We measured fluxes of methane, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and carbon dioxide fro

201 ater-gas shift reaction and the reforming of methane or alcohols.

202 howing that considerable amounts of biogenic methane originating from shallow gas accumulations in th

203 p" fundamental insight, C-H bond cleavage in methane over Ni-based catalysts was investigated.

204 entrations, the primary sink for atmospheric methane, over the same period.

205 nalysis revealed that denitrifying anaerobic methane oxidation (DAMO) archaea, Anammox bacteria and D

206 ls have shown great promise as catalysts for methane oxidation and similar reactions.

207 s with methane as the principal hydrocarbon, methane oxidation by abundant members of ANME-1 was like

208 ctive, first generation MOF-based, selective methane oxidation catalyst.

209 DIET may also have a role in anaerobic methane oxidation coupled to sulfate reduction, an impor

210 ed methane production at depth and decreased methane oxidation near the surface.

211 ful biomimetic catalyst capable of efficient methane oxidation without overoxidation at room temperat

212 ta to that of MMOHQ (the key intermediate in methane oxidation) is supportive of an open-core structu

213 Archaea were not directly involved in full methane oxidation, but their crucial participation, like

214 e abundance of gene transcripts pertinent to methane oxidation.

215 thought to contribute around 52 teragrams of methane per year to the global methane source, about 10

216 anganese concentrations at the fringe of the methane plume show that oxidation is primarily mediated

217 egion were also carried out for detection of methane plumes at near ground level, in order to evaluat

218 ent decrease in the heavy isotope content of methane points toward a biogenic source, while other stu

219 The majority of methane produced in many anoxic sediments is released vi

220 ass of methane emitted as a percent of gross methane produced, termed throughput-normalized methane a

221 at lower delta(13)C taxon, with nonbacterial methane-producing Archaea; and those for the two lowest

222 Arctic sites with respect to soil potential methane production (PMP).

223 anoxic soils reveal up to ten times greater methane production and nine times more methanogenesis ac

224 oded years was thus equally due to increased methane production at depth and decreased methane oxidat

225 al community structure both probably control methane production in Arctic soils.

226 ows promise for stabilizing and accelerating methane production in digesters, permitting higher organ

227 n normalized to cathode biofilm biomass, the methane production in the MM- and EHM-biocathode was 0.1

228 Coupled with a lack of methane production in the MPPC, the presence of aerobic

229 xygen levels were highest, coupled with peak methane production in the oxic zone, suggests putative s

230 rollary of these findings, we also show that methane production increased with the number of inoculat

231 Methane production is dominated by hydrogenotrophic meth

232 Methane production peaked in the oxic layers and was up

233 intensity cause the unheated photocatalytic methane production rate to exceed the thermocatalytic ra

234 cetate kinase (AK), which is a key enzyme in methane production.

235 redundancy in the methanogens with regard to methane production.

236 iate to build up the alternative bis(indolyl)methane products, which may be useful synthons.

237 They are involved in the methane, pyruvate, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate meta

238 ode specificity in the vibrationally excited methane reactions.

239 cipate in photochemically promoted oxa-di-pi-methane rearrangement or 1,3-acyl migration processes to

240 e at fluid catalytic cracker (FCC) and steam methane reformer (SMR) units, and alternative hydrogen p

241 Methane reintroduction to starved cells stimulates a rap

242 bon storage that forced distinct episodes of methane release due to natural climate variability well

243 Seafloor methane release due to the thermal dissociation of gas h

244 ccurately reproduces IR images of controlled methane release field experiments as well as reported mi

245 tion, while bivalves have a direct effect on methane release.

246 On the shallow shelves (<100 m water depth), methane released from the seafloor may reach the atmosph

247 o sulfate reduction, an important control on methane releases.

248 Methane represents the major constituent of natural gas.

249 promising technology for converting stranded methane reserves into liquids that can be transported in

250 grees C and 1.5-2.5 GPa and the discovery of methane-rich fluid inclusions in metasomatized ophicarbo

251 recent experimental evidence for immiscible methane-rich fluids at 600-700 degrees C and 1.5-2.5 GPa

252 ignificantly removed in a submerged plume of methane-rich water during the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) we

253 lux data collected over a shallow ebullitive methane seep field on the Svalbard margin reveal atmosph

254 on that areas characterized by shallow-water methane seeps and/or strongly elevated sea-air methane f

255 asing awareness that shallow hydrate-related methane seeps have appeared due to enhanced warming of A

256 l, we identify distinct phases of subglacial methane sequestration and subsequent release on ice shee

257 theses for the renewed growth of atmospheric methane since 2007.

258 eveal a heretofore unrecognized subterranean methane sink and contribute to our understanding of the

259 teragrams of methane per year to the global methane source, about 10 per cent of the total, but both

260 model inversion to jointly constrain 36 y of methane sources and sinks, using ground-based measuremen

261 Urban environments, where a large variety of methane sources coexist, are one of the most complex are

262 diversity, biogeochemical cycling, seafloor methane stability, deep-sea circulation, and CO2 cycling

263 c methanotroph Methyloprofundus sedimenti to methane starvation and recovery was characterized.

264 understanding of methanotrophic responses to methane starvation and recovery, and lays the initial gr

265 Methane starvation is associated with a significant incr

266 goes discrete cellular shifts in response to methane starvation, including changes in headgroup-speci

267 Using methane storage as a case study, we also show that mater

268 mance in applications like carbon capture or methane storage by orders of magnitude by only modifying

269 frameworks that show significantly improved methane storage capacities with linker vacancy defects.

270 search for novel porous materials with high methane storage capacities.

271 crystal and its physical properties, such as methane storage capacity and guest-molecule selectivity,

272 xploited to achieve appreciable hydrogen and methane storage in such materials without sustained pres

273 e of a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), with methane supplied through hollow fiber membranes.

274 he production of CO2 from CH4, while abiotic methane synthesis would require the opposite.

275 ons are defined as elementary reactions with methane that result in a discrete methyl intermediate wh

276 uable precursors to chemicals and fuels than methane, there is considerable interest in modifying cop

277 ive catalyst for the direct carbonylation of methane to acetic acid, which might enable the economica

278 and direct method of catalytic conversion of methane to liquid methanol and other oxygenates would be

279 orted on ceria-zirconia (NiO/CZ) can convert methane to methanol and ethanol in a single, steady-stat

280 5 degrees C, giving a carbon selectivity for methane to methanol of 45-60%.

281 rk (MOF) NU-1000 are active for oxidation of methane to methanol under mild reaction conditions.

282 established, then the selective oxidation of methane to methanol using molecular oxygen is possible.

283 tical processes for the direct conversion of methane to methanol, acetic acid and other useful chemic

284 et al report on the use of water to oxidize methane to methanol.

285 y tuned toward selective monohalogenation of methane to methyl halides or their in situ oligomerizati

286 f catalytic processes to selectively convert methane to value-added products.

287 Methane undergoes highly facile C-H bond cleavage on the

288 t is characterized by tight linkages between methane-utilizing (methanotrophic) and nonmethanotrophic

289 ikely the controlling sources of atmospheric methane variations for the current and two older intergl

290 Natural geological emissions (fossil methane vented naturally from marine and terrestrial see

291 aryl groups to construct triaryl(heteroaryl)methanes via a C-H functionalization in good to excellen

292 Isoprene dominates global non-methane volatile organic compound emissions, and impacts

293 ce flux measurements of NOx, CO2, CO and non methane volatile organic compound tracers in a city that

294 015 revealed that 0.02-7.7% of the dissolved methane was aerobically oxidized by microbes and a minor

295 Methane was converted to light olefins (ethene and prope

296 ons are defined as elementary reactions with methane where the carbon atom of the product is oxidized

297 t the controlled breakdown of H2O2 activates methane, which subsequently incorporates molecular oxyge

298 e total and isotopic budgets for atmospheric methane with these revised biomass burning emissions (an

299 aving the sediment, also transport porewater methane within their gas vesicles into the water column,

300 biguous attribution of the decadal trends in methane without robust constraints on OH variability, wh