ライフサイエンスコーパス: micro-

1 ntle 2), EMI (enriched mantle 1), HIMU (high micro = (238)U/(204)Pb) and DM (depleted mantle).

2 sed chemical mapping tool we have used X-ray micro (4.5 x 5.2 mum) and macro (1 x 6 mm) beams with si

3 ia, vascular pericytes, and neurons, causing micro- and astrogliosis, neuroinflammation, accumulation

4 For this, synergistic effects between the micro- and chemical architecture of the chip are exploit

5 euroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that also express micro- and delta- opioid receptors (MORs and DORs, respe

6 n = 13) to survey the development of macro-, micro- and in-transit metastases (metastases that are in

7 Our method performs well in terms of both micro- and macro-averaged performance, achieving micro-F

8 auxin biology and their implications in both micro- and macro-evolution of plant morphology.

9 ications to a common ground plan across both micro- and macro-evolutionary time scales.

10 These polyphenols also influence the soil micro- and macro-fauna that break down plant leaf litter

11 friendly approach for effectively detaching micro- and macro-fouling organisms adhered on the elasto

12 maging, we show a widespread distribution of micro- and macro-metastasis in different stages of metas

13 ns interferes with the uptake of a number of micro- and macro-nutrients, such as Na, P, S, Mo, Zn, an

14 Recent laboratory experiments on mixed micro- and macro-pore suggest that there is a systematic

15 model for mucus is constructed directly from micro- and macro-rheology experimental data on cell cult

16 ted to study the effect of porous biofilm on micro- and macro-scale flow and transport.

17 r in meniscus cells after stimulation at the micro- and macro-scale, and propose a role for A2bR in m

18 With adjustment for sex and age, micro- and macroalbuminuria were associated with increas

19 ian tissues to elucidate subtle and detailed micro- and macroanatomies in adult organs and embryos.

20 virus replication compartment formation; and micro- and macroautophagy.

21 parency, graphene is a versatile material in micro- and macroelectronics.

22 tial approaches for characterizing the tumor micro- and macroenvironment of breast cancer in both pre

23 tty acids transitioned to PUFAs in the tumor micro- and macroenvironment.

24 ncer care to the challenges imposed by tumor micro- and macroevolution and developing deeper insight

25 Based on sedimentary evidence and the micro- and macrofauna at this site, we infer that the 9-

26 reconstruct the ecological succession of its micro- and macrofauna.

27 How these micro- and macrofibrils relate to those found in primary

28 t a massive phylogenetic impact, such as the micro- and macronuclei in ciliates).

29 ncluding energy, calcium, protein, and other micro- and macronutrients.

30 trends were supported through comparison of micro- and macroparasite species richness across a large

31 classical compartment models for infectious micro- and macroparasitic diseases, and examine how the

32 ized the quantity and morphology of floating micro- and macroplastics in 29 Great Lakes tributaries i

33 stituents and their interactions to emerging micro- and macroscale properties.

34 ol.% ND enhanced wear resistance at both the micro- and macroscale, by 28% and 35%, respectively.

35 ork on their immediate environment at nano-, micro- and macroscopic levels.

36 tribution, molecular attributes that dictate micro- and macroscopic properties.

37 ibility enable this material to memorize its micro- and macroscopic shape after repeated mechanical d

38 le, thus presenting the missing link between micro- and macroscopical observations.

39 avior of superdiluted polymer solutions both micro- and macroscopically still persists as an outstand

40 sis, immune cell infiltration, fibrosis, and micro- and macrosteatosis; however, these phenotypes are

41 omplex heterogeneous environments containing micro- and macrostructures.

42 mor factors, including poor differentiation, micro- and macrovacular invasion, exceeding Milan criter

43 Hyperglycemia causes micro- and macrovascular complications in diabetic patie

44 he value of tight glycemic control to reduce micro- and macrovascular complications.

45 nt hyperglycemia, and, consequently, diffuse micro- and macrovascular disease.

46 combined with immunostaining to identify the micro- and macrovascular networks.

47 uman thrombotic disorders involving both the micro- and macrovasculature.

48 developed hepatic steatosis characterized by micro- and macrovesicular lipid accumulation.

49 ese coatings was examined through the use of micro- and macrowear experiments.

50 of adenoviruses in bats in 2006, a number of micro- and megabat species in Europe, Africa, and Asia h

51 results of a large-scale survey of neustonic micro- and meso-plastics floating in Mediterranean water

52 ng-lived radionuclide is immobilization into micro- and meso-porous crystalline solids, specifically

53 ectivity of polymer networks resolved at the micro- and meso-scopic length scales.

54 iven the form factor and performance of this micro- and mesofluidic workflow, we have developed a sam

55 rous materials offering a network of uniform micro- and mesopores remains a major scientific challeng

56 While physisorption allows one to assess micro- and mesopores, a widely employed method for textu

57 particles in good yields, possessing bimodal micro- and mesoporous architecture along with a well-pre

58 results collected in this study suggest that micro- and mesoporous crystalline solids maybe viable ca

59 tages and disadvantages with respect to pure micro- and mesoporous molecular sieves and other hierarc

60 blueprint for efficient optical screening of micro- and mesoporous polymeric materials for CCS in ter

61 context of carbon capture and storage (CCS), micro- and mesoporous polymers have received significant

62 (MOFs) with hierarchical porosity across the micro- and mesoporous regimes.

63 synthesis and characterization at the nano-, micro- and mesoscales to random library screening method

64 ll-deformation dynamic oscillation in shear, micro- and modulated differential scanning calorimetry,

65 ostatic interaction between the host and its micro- and mycobiota.

66 guiding the growth of graphene into desired micro- and nano- structures with control over placement,

67 stic Wave and Surface Acoustic Wave devices, micro- and nano-cantilever sensors, gene Field Effect Tr

68 Micro- and nano-crystalline cellulose (MCC and NCC, resp

69 , or clustered when segregated into discrete micro- and nano-domains.

70 te and control plasmonic signals, either via micro- and nano-electromechanical switches or with elect

71 vices require materials that are amenable to micro- and nano-fabrication, but also preserve the bioac

72 g is a new method for spinning of continuous micro- and nano-fibers using a permanent revolving magne

73 ts are expected to play an important role in micro- and nano-mechanical devices.

74 t describes recent advances in the design of micro- and nano-particles for immunotherapies and diagno

75 Recent progress in the design of synthetic micro- and nano-particles that can target drugs, deliver

76 Lipid-enveloped biodegradable micro- and nano-particles thus provide a potent dose-spa

77 micromanipulation technology for controlling micro- and nano-particles with applications such as cell

78 les, engineering the thermal conductivity at micro- and nano-scale dimensions is considerably more ch

79 Technological advances in micro- and nano-scale imaging are striving to achieve mu

80 We focus on the mechanisms of formation of micro- and nano-scale protein-based capsules and shells,

81 employed to increase the sensitivity of many micro- and nano-scale sensors.

82 Micro- and nano-scale systems have emerged as important

83 Two- and three-dimensional analyses of micro- and nano-scale X-ray computed tomography illumina

84 e then further categorized and discussed for micro- and nano-scaled structures.

85 ber of species, however the study of how the micro- and nano-scopic natural structures responsible of

86 al sintering or spark plasma sintering using micro- and nano-sized powders.

87 gy we describe should be relevant to diverse micro- and nano-sized rods that interact through exclude

88 This paper presents a review of micro- and nano-structure based oligonucleotide detectio

89 This review discusses the advantages of micro- and nano-structure based sensors and covers the v

90 tion of chemically heterogeneous and complex micro- and nano-structured materials.

91 High-aspect ratio micro- and nano-structures have been used for the produc

92 mbined transmission electron microscopy with micro- and nano-synchrotron X-ray fluorescence to image

93 Materials with three-dimensional micro- and nanoarchitectures exhibit many beneficial mec

94 s exhibit a fascinating and diverse range of micro- and nanoarchitectures on their cuticle.

95 Addition of micro- and nanocelluloses as a reinforcement increased t

96 Suspended micro- and nanochannel resonators have opened up the pos

97 with low thermal conductivity, hierarchical micro- and nanochannels for water pumping and escaping,

98 Accordingly, the filtration of micro- and nanoconcentrations of DCF by composite column

99 The resulting micro- and nanocrystals exhibit a wide range of optical

100 o highlight the important opportunities that micro- and nanocrystals may offer in these and similar t

101 of variously sized and shaped semiconductor micro- and nanocrystals.

102 The model is validated against micro- and nanoelectrode arrays showing its ability to p

103 y the promise of robust and high performance micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems and miniature e

104 man-electronics interfacing, smart skin, and micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems.

105 es make it an attractive platform for use in micro- and nanoelectronic devices.

106 rgy is stored in capacitors that could power micro- and nanoelectronic devices.

107 The flexibility of micro- and nanofabrication techniques has been used to c

108 We discuss the various micro- and nanofabrication techniques that have been emp

109 The advances in micro- and nanofabrication technologies enable the prepa

110 An explosion of micro- and nanofabrication, biomaterials, microfluidic,

111 r complex light beam engineering and optical micro- and nanofabrication.

112 iple source of chemical pumping for numerous micro- and nanofluidic device platforms.

113 By exploiting the rapid developments in micro- and nanofluidics, many interesting combinations o

114 al methods for synthesizing and crosslinking micro- and nanogels, as well as their development for in

115 on of cleavable linkages into the network of micro- and nanogels.

116 From micro- and nanoindentation hardness testing, all of the

117 Autonomous bubble-propelled catalytic micro- and nanomachines show great promise in the fields

118 s an important resource for the community of micro- and nanomaterials and systems designers and users

119 A novel automatic strategy for the use of micro- and nanomaterials as sorbents for dispersive micr

120 rest exists in the design and application of micro- and nanometer-sized materials with hollow interio

121 and matrix-free approach for manipulation of micro- and nanometer-sized objects.

122 Living organisms make extensive use of micro- and nanometre-sized pores as gatekeepers for cont

123 he nascent field of biomimetic delivery with micro- and nanoparticles (MNP) has advanced considerably

124 Polymeric micro- and nanoparticles are becoming a mainstay in biom

125 Adjuvants such as micro- and nanoparticles are often added to immunomodula

126 h oil was encapsulated in hollow solid lipid micro- and nanoparticles formed from fully hydrogenated

127 A multitude of micro- and nanoparticles have been developed to improve

128 Silicon-based micro- and nanoparticles have gained popularity in a wid

129 ntially new application for a broad range of micro- and nanoparticles to maximize receptor-mediated s

130 y(acrylic acid) on poly(methyl methacrylate) micro- and nanoparticles was quantified by conductometry

131 Cubosomes are micro- and nanoparticles with a bicontinuous cubic two-p

132 Functional polymer micro- and nanoparticles with novel morphology are of gr

133 oxide nanostructure was compared with nickel micro- and nanoparticles, and the lichen-like nickel oxi

134 re size, morphology and surface chemistry of micro- and nanoparticles, core-shell hybrids and polymer

135 he design and synthesis of precisely defined micro- and nanoparticles.

136 ble particle trap for analysis of biological micro- and nanoparticles.

137 n the occurrence of environmentally released micro- and nanoplastics in the human food production cha

138 In conclusion, whil micro- and nanoplastics were readily ingested by oyster

139 for the study of single fusion events at the micro- and nanoscale and of ion transport across biomime

140 tations and, therefore, new methods based on micro- and nanoscale devices have been sought.

141 the realization of multiplexed arrays at the micro- and nanoscale for relevant biosensing application

142 s associated with generating motility on the micro- and nanoscale have recently been overcome, leadin

143 Understanding how newly engineered micro- and nanoscale materials and systems that interact

144 Interest in molding micro- and nanoscale metallic glass objects is driven by

145 Micro- and nanoscale observations did not show apparent

146 drodynamic jet (e-jet) printing for creating micro- and nanoscale patterns of proteins on various sur

147 ntly become the focus of intense research in micro- and nanoscale resonators for their use to improve

148 veloped utilizing a hierarchical layering of micro- and nanoscale silica lamellae to create a high-su

149 Micro- and nanoscale surface textures, when optimally de

150 CM from both micro- and nanoscale surface-adherent BMSCs increased th

151 So far, the vast majority of reported micro- and nanoscale swimmers have taken the approach of

152 -CSF was increased by BMSCs cultured on both micro- and nanoscale titanium topographies (P < 0.01).

153 pplied to molecular assembly techniques on a micro- and nanoscale to miniaturize functional devices f

154 gular momentum (OAM) lasing, especially at a micro- and nanoscale, could address the growing demand f

155 ulate the end form of these materials on the micro- and nanoscale.

156 ents by in situ electrochemical means at the micro- and nanoscale.

157 controlling fluid and mass transport on the micro- and nanoscale.

158 e presence of small plastic particles at the micro- and nanoscales is of growing concern, but nanopla

159 At the micro- and nanoscales, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene

160 be used to achieve chiral separation at the micro- and nanoscales.

161 in an electrolytic background is deformed by micro- and nanoscopic polarizable objects.

162 ifferent iron-based magnetic particle sizes (micro- and nanosized particles) to determine the effects

163 tment and groundwater remediation-especially micro- and nanosized zerovalent iron (nZVI)-can be more

164 The micro- and nanostructural examination of LBPs suggests t

165 a completely wettable material (silica), we micro- and nanostructure its surface to make it superomn

166 ralized tissue in mammals and has a distinct micro- and nanostructure with nanofibrous apatite crysta

167 ies, and hence precise control over material micro- and nanostructure.

168 ent is 3D, there is a need to extend planar, micro- and nanostructured biomedical devices to the thir

169 M) is a versatile tool to characterize these micro- and nanostructured devices in terms of their topo

170 trates, as well as the complex geometries of micro- and nanostructured devices.

171 One-dimensional (1D) micro- and nanostructured electrode materials with contr

172 rom additive manufacturing over machining of micro- and nanostructured features to health care.

173 arrier dynamics in heterogeneously patterned micro- and nanostructured material surfaces and interfac

174 This work opens a new route to 1D micro- and nanostructured materials by customizing the p

175 approaches to fabricate surfaces with robust micro- and nanostructured topographies have been stimula

176 scalable synthesis and utilization of hollow micro- and nanostructures as solid catalysts.

177 ation therefore motivates the development of micro- and nanostructures for polarization control.

178 The ability to lithographically fabricate micro- and nanostructures has been one of the most impac

179 rochannels through implementation of surface micro- and nanostructures has gained substantial interes

180 olling the emission and the flow of light in micro- and nanostructures is crucial for on-chip informa

181 on as well as production of complex scaffold micro- and nanostructures resembling that of natural ext

182 lows the opportunity for intimate contact of micro- and nanostructures that can probe, and accordingl

183 imited materials palette, optimally designed micro- and nanostructures, and tightly regulated process

184 Based on these measurements polymer-clay micro- and nanostructures, as a function of polymer load

185 hiation anisotropy seen in experiments on Si micro- and nanostructures.

186 The benefits of catalyst micro- and nanostructuring are further demonstrated by t

187 Moreover, micro- and nanostructuring of the CoS2 material has the

188 Extension of this micro- and nanostructuring strategy to other earth-abund

189 electrode surface area that accompanies CoS2 micro- and nanostructuring substantially boosts its HER

190 ar biology, as well as technologies, such as micro- and nanotechnologies and additive manufacturing,

191 Several recent micro- and nanotechnologies have provided novel methods

192 s significant interest in SERRS detection in micro- and nanotechnologies, as it can be used to detect

193 Taking advantage of emerging micro- and nanotechnologies, numerous alternative strate

194 Recent advances employ grids of metallic micro- and nanowires, but the overall performance of the

195 idual zeolitic-imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) micro- and sub-microcrystals were observed under compres

196 gle x-ray scattering with a spot size in the micro- and submicrometer range as a high-resolution and

197 used to synthesize monodisperse silk fibroin micro- and submicron-spheres with diameters tunable over

198 gel adds a new tool to the armamentarium for micro- and supermicrosurgical procedures.

199 l cues from both the implanted scaffold/cell micro- and surrounding macroniche may act in concert to

200 ffractive and plasmonic sensing, holography, micro- and transformation optics, and drug delivery and

201 lbumin excretion was stratified into normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuria.

202 ith focus given to: cantilever size (milli-, micro-, and nano-cantilevers), their geometry, and mater

203 ay was developed into three formats (macro-, micro-, and nanoassay) with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) a

204 esign can be directly transferred to milli-, micro-, and nanometer-size systems.

205 r size fractions (meso-, large micro-, small micro-, and nanoplastics) of debris collected in the Nor

206 e thousands of studies focused on the nano-, micro-, and whole-animal mechanics of gecko adhesion on

207 re structures and membrane materials, and to micro- as well as macroscale fluid systems, we expect it

208 f radiofrequency electronic methodologies on micro- as well as nanoscale platforms is crucial for inf

209 iated these nutritional effects with reduced micro- but not macrovascular development in the fetal ki

210 ostatically autarkic (self-sufficient) rigid micro-'cells', which define the adaptive structure, the

211 ial analyses at macro-(quantitative PCR) and micro-(confocal microscopy) scales indicate that parasit

212 of pharmaceutical opioids was studied using micro (DAMGO), kappa (U50488), and Delta (DPDPE) opioid

213 receptor family comprises three members, the micro-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors, which respond

214 sional gas chromatography (GCxGC) coupled to micro- electron capture detector (muECD).

215 e also rich in macro- (Na, K, Ca and Mg) and micro- (Fe, Zn, Cu and Cr) minerals.

216 rag2-/-, rag2gammac-/-, cd3epsilon-/-, micro-/-, il-15-/-, Jalpha18-/-, ifngammar-/-, il-18r-/-

217 tramodal pore size distribution spanning the micro-, meso- and macro pore range, centred at 0.48, 4.0

218 c that measures structural properties at the micro-, meso-, and macroscopic scales, while still being

219 tile tool to use in mechanical design at the micro-, meso-, and millimeter scales as actuators, as we

220 g g(-1) within its hierarchically networked micro-/mesopores over a wide range.

221 ous carbon foam (ECF) with an interconnected micro-/mesoporous architecture was prepared and used as

222 nd chemistry for the synthesis of a range of micro-/mesoporous crystalline zeolites in a cost-effecti

223 LCs) which for the first time exhibit stable micro-/mesoporous structure.

224 hybrids exhibited mesoporous or hierarchical micro-/mesoporous systems, stable up to 350 degrees C.

225 e delivery of organic materials via comets, (micro-) meteorites, and interplanetary dust particles to

226 ar basis for such differences, we catalogued micro (mi)RNA and mRNA expression differences by next ge

227 fied and evaluated the potential of specific micro (mi)RNAs capable of inducing reprogramming of card

228 f the regulatory role of noncoding RNAs, and micro (mi)RNAs in particular, has added a new layer of c

229 jugate to deliver small interfering (si) and micro (mi)RNAs to intracranial glioblastoma (GBM) tumor

230 d injection of interleukin-18 in rag2-/- and micro-/- mice.

231 ototyping framework for designing Micro-Nano-Micro (MNM) fluidic preconcentration device based on ion

232 this study, fiber-optic reflection-based pH micro (mu)-probes (tip diameter: 500-3000 nm) were desig

233 nalysis in relation to the presence of graft micro- (n = 9,677) and macrosteatosis (n = 11,516).

234 ecessary to effectively design and fabricate micro-/nano- structured materials.

235 onship between rapid dendrite growth and the micro-/nano-mechanical properties of the alloy was inves

236 Micro-/nano-photonic devices are well suited for this pu

237 f silica) possessing remarkable hierarchical micro-/nano-scaled features optimized for the photosynth

238 In this Review, various aspects of the micro-/nano-structured materials as mechanical metamater

239 ning of small-molecule organic semiconductor micro-/nanocrystals (SMOSNs) at desired locations is a p

240 e in a variety of fields, from biophysics to micro-/nanofluidics.

241 s, intelligent and multifunctional fuel-free micro-/nanomachines are expected to have a profound impa

242 offering autonomous propulsion, conventional micro-/nanomachines usually rely on the decomposition of

243 wimming of natural microorganisms, synthetic micro-/nanomachines, which convert energy into movement,

244 Here, recent developments on fuel-free micro-/nanomotors (powered by various external stimuli s

245 The applications of these fuel-free micro-/nanomotors are also discussed, including nanopatt

246 Recent developments have resulted in various micro-/nanomotors that can be powered by biocompatible f

247 Fuel-free synthetic micro-/nanomotors, which can move without external chemi

248 We report that deposition in confined micro-/nanoreactors overcomes this difficulty, allowing

249 topic in robotics research is the design of micro-/nanoscale robots for biomedical operations.

250 ate the potential of Brownian-particle-based micro-/nanosonar to probe the local wettability of liqui

251 ribe a general approach for the synthesis of micro-/nanostructured metal chalcogenides from elemental

252 ectrical and mechanical properties of the 3D micro-/nanostructures are achieved.

253 portantly, its three-dimensional SERS-active micro-/nanostructures make available multilayered assemb

254 ome of the potential areas of application of micro-/nanosystems (MNSs).

255 a-Si:H micro-/nanowires can be deposited in this way in extreme

256 ng its polar constituents and its macro- and micro- nutrients.

257 he transfer of existing demonstrators to the micro- or even nanoscale.

258 Micro- or macroalbuminuria is associated with increased

259 lly, afford macromolecular arrangements with micro- or meso-porous apertures.

260 for charge storage devices because of their micro- or mesoporosity, high surface area, and ability t

261 owed as the pump-probe delay is increased by micro- or millisecond increments.

262 e system based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) micro- or nano-particles enveloped by PEGylated phosphol

263 functional materials with three-dimensional micro- or nano-scale dynamic compositional features are

264 w materials, formulations and devices at the micro- or nano-scales are specifically surveyed.

265 lectrode, when connected in parallel to a Pt micro- or nanoelectrode, showed clearly measurable OCP c

266 cope, and the detection does not rely on any micro- or nanofabricated devices.

267 tructurally unknown guest molecule from only micro- or nanogram amounts of the guest molecule.

268 g a material into structures of well-defined micro- or nanometre-size, precisely positioned on a surf

269 hered particle motion (TPM), the motion of a micro- or nanoparticle tethered to a substrate by a macr

270 h the small opening of an electrolyte-filled micro- or nanopipet that is approached toward a sample,

271 he development of anisotropic scaffolds with micro- or nanoscale features are reviewed, and how scaff

272 Micro- or nanosized three-dimensional crosslinked polyme

273 se a characterization methodology combining (micro-) Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and

274 In striking contrast to Pol lambda, Pol micro "skips" the first available template nucleotide, i

275 e examined four size fractions (meso-, large micro-, small micro-, and nanoplastics) of debris collec

276 PVDF and P(VDF-TrFE) nano- and micro- structures have been widely used due to their pot

277 We correlate physical nano- and micro- structures to the helium ion dose, as well as che

278 Temperatures were recorded using micro -T temperature loggers at 15 locations, during 22

279 alogues showed binding affinities in the low micro- to low nanomolar range at native rat GABAA recept

280 full structural size spectrum from nano- to micro- to macro-scale by using a variety of in situ and

281 this result on several brain networks, from micro- to macro-scales, obtained with different imaging

282 Albuminuria class transition (normo- to micro- to macroalbuminuria) is used as an intermediate e

283 s exhibiting various levels of porosity from micro- to macropores.

284 of Na(+), with wide linear dynamic ranges of micro- to millimolar concentration.

285 e required for phosphorylation, and exhibits micro- to millisecond active-site dynamics similar to th

286 f EI is triggered by complete suppression of micro- to millisecond dynamics within the C-terminal dom

287 o undergo a two site exchange process in the micro- to millisecond time regime.

288 finity molecules with residence times in the micro- to millisecond time regime.

289 Protein dynamics on the micro- to millisecond time scale is increasingly found t

290 mally frustrated and may interconvert on the micro- to millisecond time scale.

291 Deep trapped electrons observed on micro- to millisecond time scales are unable to reduce e

292 mistic details of biological mechanisms, but micro- to millisecond timescales are historically only a

293 he dynamics of large biomolecular systems on micro- to millisecond timescales.

294 ied field to 10(5)-fold when combined with a micro- to nanofluidic step interface.

295 despite a >10(4)-fold volume reduction, from micro- to nanoliters.

296 f endogenous proteins with the resolution of micro- to nanometers in the brain.

297 Charged particles ranging from micro- to nanoscale are deposited on lung surfactant fil

298 rks on 3D patterned flexible substrates with micro- to nanoscale precision.

299 Whether X-ray computed [micro-] tomography ([mu]CT) imaging of these fossils may

300 consequences are significantly different in micro- versus macrovascular stenosis.