ライフサイエンスコーパス: microbicide

1 rophylaxis, and sexual transmission (topical microbicide).

2 developed as a topical HIV prevention agent (microbicide).

3 ot receiving PrEP (a tenofovir-based vaginal microbicide).

4 One attractive strategy is a topical vaginal microbicide.

5 enan might serve as an effective topical HPV microbicide.

6 rve as the basis of a broad-spectrum topical microbicide.

7 red by lactobacilli for use as an anti-HIV-1 microbicide.

8 ch was sustained following withdrawal of the microbicide.

9 transcriptase inhibitor UC-781 as a vaginal microbicide.

10 der preclinical investigation as an anti-HIV microbicide.

11 ulation are required to develop a successful microbicide.

12 o be considered for formulation as a vaginal microbicide.

13 blies have the potential to act as anti-SEVI microbicides.

14 g tool for evaluating the effects of vaginal microbicides.

15 ions that may result from the use of vaginal microbicides.

16 fety is a critical gap in the development of microbicides.

17 velopment of antiretroviral therapeutics and microbicides.

18 a model to preclinically evaluate candidate microbicides.

19 ecrete cytokines that activate intracellular microbicides.

20 e preclinical evaluation of future candidate microbicides.

21 nt of defensins or defensin-like peptides as microbicides.

22 optimal candidate for developing combination microbicides.

23 ush University, and licensed by Instead), as microbicides.

24 t to assess the mucosal effects of candidate microbicides.

25 use of RT inhibitors as potential colorectal microbicides.

26 can be modified to enhance delivery of other microbicides.

27 generation of higher efficacy antiretroviral microbicides.

28 upports the development of VHH as anti-HIV-1 microbicides.

29 make them excellent candidates for anti-HIV microbicides.

30 es), vaccination (7 studies), use of topical microbicides (10 studies), and prophylactic, curative, o

31 bohydrate-binding agent that establishes its microbicide activity through interaction with mannose-ri

32 However, no data demonstrate activity of microbicides after application in humans.

33 ve of this study was to test the activity of microbicides against herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)

34 e potential-next-generation therapeutics and microbicides against HIV-1.

35 d/or a partially effective dose of a vaginal microbicide aimed at blocking infection of a high-dose v

36 rgets of interventions, such as vaccines and microbicides, aimed at preventing new infections.

37 The microbicide alone provided a 68% reduction in the risk o

38 ch effectively delivered the MZC combination microbicide and a contraceptive.

39 We modeled microbicide and circumcision efficacy on trials with het

40 llenged a further 12 times in the absence of microbicide and demonstrated a 98% reduction in the risk

41 PIC may prove to be a valuable preventative microbicide and/or therapeutic agent against genital her

42 Anal microbicides and circumcision would decrease the HIV pre

43 ns, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis, rectal microbicides and early treatment initiation, but is also

44 oring undesirable proinflammatory effects of microbicides and other vaginal products.

45 Clinical trials testing microbicides and related biomedical interventions to blo

46 ictability of antiviral compounds as topical microbicides and suggest that repeated exposures to cand

47 an objective critical in the development of microbicides and therapeutic vaccines.

48 ine model to examine the mucosal response to microbicides and to assess the functional implication of

49 e applied to increase the potency of topical microbicides and vaccine-elicited antibodies.

50 ould facilitate the development of effective microbicides and vaccines.

51 could be instrumental in HIV-1 pathogenesis, microbicide, and vaccine research by enabling the direct

52 s Partnership, International Partnership for Microbicides, and Endo Pharmaceuticals Solutions.

53 eeded for testing candidate antiretrovirals, microbicides, and vaccines.

54 stem for the use of this Ab as an anti-HIV-1 microbicide, anti-ICAM single-chain variable fragment Ab

55 ained for bacterial culture before and after microbicide application.

56 Topical microbicides are a promising solution to address the glo

57 Topical microbicides are an emerging HIV/AIDS prevention modalit

58 IV, the most desirable active ingredients of microbicides are antiretrovirals (ARVs) that directly ta

59 Topical microbicides are being sought to prevent sexually transm

60 Safe and effective topical microbicides are biologically plausible.

61 Overall, the data suggest that vaccines and microbicides are complementary techniques that may prote

62 More than 15 candidate microbicides are currently being studied in clinical tri

63 It is essential that potential microbicides are examined for activity against normal va

64 of microbicide research and to delineate why microbicides are not yet available.

65 as by the inadequacy of the systems in which microbicides are tested in preclinical studies.

66 Microbicides are topical compounds that could prevent se

67 liver to resource-poor areas where effective microbicides are urgently needed.

68 le-initiated HIV-prevention options, such as microbicides, are urgently needed.

69 ogress and created mistrust about the use of microbicides as a method to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmi

70 ide a suitable expression system for protein microbicides, as production can be easily and economical

71 TLR agonists are ideal candidates for microbicides, as they trigger a multitude of antiviral g

72 e potency of vaccine-elicited antibodies and microbicides at mucosal sites of HIV-1 transmission.IMPO

73 es a mechanism for testing the efficacy of a microbicide before embarking on large-scale clinical tri

74 h the fusion inhibitor T-1249 as the vaginal microbicide before SIVmac251 challenge.

75 rats with PRO 2000 gel, a candidate vaginal microbicide being evaluated in clinical trials to preven

76 Microbicide biofunctionality requires creation of a chem

77 d) or cellulose acetate phthalate (potential microbicides) blocked HIV-1 infection of LCs and subsequ

78 by preexposure of EB to heat or the topical microbicide C31G, (iii) comparable among common eukaryot

79 User acceptability of microbicides can be incorporated early in the product fo

80 Here, we have addressed whether vaccines and microbicides can be used together to provide reinforced

81 Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a microbicide candidate that inactivates a wide range of H

82 able addition to the current tenofovir-based microbicide candidate undergoing clinical trials.

83 hat showed that nonoxynol-9 (N-9), a leading microbicide candidate widely used as an over-the-counter

84 nd are developing it as a vaginal and rectal microbicide candidate.

85 Many promising microbicide candidates are proteins or peptides, includi

86 these observations, we tested six additional microbicide candidates for their ability to prevent vagi

87 Among microbicide candidates in clinical development is Maravi

88 To date, the performance of microbicide candidates in efficacy trials has been disap

89 Microbicide candidates with promising in vitro activity

90 ders of magnitude, supplementing current HIV microbicide candidates with SEVI inhibitors, such as sur

91 e advantages over other classes of potential microbicide candidates.

92 in the design and testing of HIV vaccine and microbicide candidates.

93 measures of protective efficacy, the vaccine-microbicide combination differed more from controls than

94 The vaccine-microbicide combination provided an 88% reduction in the

95 st HIV clades A, B, and C, with utility as a microbicide component for HIV prevention in established

96 Increased microbicide concentration and potency hasten viral neutr

97 Here, we have evaluated the microbicide concept using the rhesus macaque 'high dose'

98 nes support the development of a combination microbicide containing Spm8CHAS with an HIV-specific rev

99 An effective vaginal microbicide could reduce human immunodeficiency virus ty

100 An effective microbicide could significantly reduce the global spread

101 A microbicide could target the incoming virus and either p

102 ring when semen-borne virus interacts with a microbicide delivery vehicle coating epithelium.

103 ive candidates for the active component of a microbicide designed to prevent viral infection or trans

104 We discuss how preclinical microbicide development could be improved by more closel

105 A critical gap in microbicide development is the absence of surrogate safe

106 n comparisons of preclinical assays used for microbicide development.

107 fects are an attractive future direction for microbicide development.

108 vical tissue highlight important targets for microbicide development.

109 s an intriguing prototype for future topical microbicide development.

110 f microbicide toxicity would usefully inform microbicide development.

111 Microbicides Development Programme 301 was a phase 3, ra

112 ce a persistent infection or to a lipophilic microbicide did not potentiate secretion or exocytosis o

113 Surrogate distribution suggests topical microbicides do not need to reach the uterus for efficac

114 ghlight the importance of the dosage form in microbicide effectiveness.

115 IV-1, yet most in vitro tests of vaccine and microbicide efficacy assess cell-free virus transmission

116 r vaginal microbiota modulated tenofovir gel microbicide efficacy in the CAPRISA (Centre for the AIDS

117 rovides evidence linking vaginal bacteria to microbicide efficacy through tenofovir depletion via bac

118 rovide consistent measurements of anti-HIV-1 microbicide efficacy when (i) the soft endpoint or anoth

119 d vaginal stromal cells provides for optimal microbicide efficacy.

120 nterlaboratory variation limit their use for microbicide evaluation and other clinical applications.

121 spite potent in vitro efficacy, most topical microbicides fail to effectively prevent HIV transmissio

122 al activities make CLR01 a promising topical microbicide for blocking infection by HIV and other sexu

123 ndings validate MVC development as a vaginal microbicide for women and should guide clinical programs

124 t of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) microbicides for either topical or ex vivo use is of con

125 data suggest efforts to rationally design of microbicides for enhanced user acceptability must consid

126 ts, such as PC-64a, could be used as topical microbicides for N. gonorrhoeae.

127 Preclinical testing of candidate microbicides for the prevention of gonorrhea has been se

128 ility of the organ culture to screen topical microbicides for their ability to block sexual transmiss

129 dapivirine - a lead candidate antiretroviral microbicide - for combination HIV prevention and hormona

130 resistant virus may not be an issue at these microbicide formulation levels of UC781.

131 To inform the development of rectal microbicide formulation, we evaluated the effects of hyp

132 Microbicide formulations can function not only as drug d

133 All microbicide formulations tested were highly effective in

134 The amount of UC781 in topical microbicide formulations under current development is ap

135 smission, hyperosmolar gels make poor rectal microbicide formulations, and hyperosmolar sexual lubric

136 ral agents should be included in NNRTI-based microbicide formulations.

137 wn about how these properties translate into microbicide functionality.

138 tool to analyze diverse factors that govern microbicide functionality.

139 trial of a topical pericoital antiretroviral microbicide gel decreased HIV incidence among at-risk he

140 At the same time, a vaginal microbicide gel formulation was developed and tested for

141 d that women who used a tenofovir-containing microbicide gel had lower rates of HIV infection than wo

142 investigate the effect of a tenofovir-based microbicide gel on the transmission bottleneck in women

143 enofovir prodrug, but not with the tenofovir microbicide gel utilized in CAPRISA-004, VOICE, and FACT

144 prodrug of tenofovir (TFV), but not the TFV microbicide gel utilized in the recent CAPRISA 004, VOIC

145 al agent, tenofovir, formulated as a vaginal microbicide gel, reduces human immunodeficiency virus (H

146 To explore the barrier function of microbicide gels, we developed a deterministic mathemati

147 Protected animals in the vaccine-microbicide group were challenged a further 12 times in

148 s but had no acquisition effect, whereas the microbicide had a partial acquisition effect but minimal

149 The development of safe and effective microbicides has been delayed by limitations in understa

150 tically engineered live microbes as anti-HIV microbicides has important potential advantages in econo

151 A novel class of immunomodulatory microbicides has shown promise as antiherpetics, includi

152 f mAb b12 with cyanovirin-N, another protein microbicide, has been explored.

153 ed, recent trials of a candidate vaccine and microbicide have been disappointing, both for want of ef

154 Vaccination and the application of a vaginal microbicide have traditionally been considered independe

155 lures in key clinical trials of vaccines and microbicides highlight the need for new approaches valid

156 2 O2 -halide system that produces the potent microbicide hypochlorous acid (HOCl).

157 ion of an untested vaccine with an ARV-based microbicide in a nonhuman primate vaginal challenge mode

158 osure of human epithelial cells to candidate microbicides in a dual-chamber system.

159 s to compare two rollout plans for ARV-based microbicides in South Africa: a utilitarian plan that mi

160 th or the anti-HIV-1 efficacies of candidate microbicides in tissue explants, a novel soft-endpoint m

161 ss of pericoital tenofovir gel, an antiviral microbicide, in preventing HSV-2 acquisition in a subgro

162 e], an antiretroviral compound, and UC781, a microbicide, inhibited HIV-1 transmission across the muc

163 A microbicide is a gel or related device that, when insert

164 ing HIV transmission by the use of a vaginal microbicide is a topic of considerable interest in the f

165 al transmission in which a virus-sensitizing microbicide is combined with a vaccine.

166 al transmission in which a virus-sensitizing microbicide is combined with a vaccine.

167 proved spermicide, but whether it is also a microbicide is uncertain.

168 The development of effective vaginal microbicides is paramount in the fight against the sprea

169 ion, and one of the concerns for NNRTI-based microbicides is that they will be ineffective against dr

170 te that ZOTEN, when used intravaginally as a microbicide, is an effective suppressor of HSV-2 genital

171 interventions, notably vaccines and vaginal microbicides, is in progress.

172 the CCR5 inhibitor maraviroc as the vaginal microbicide led to significant reductions of both acquis

173 st stages of infection in which a vaccine or microbicide might be protective, by limiting the expansi

174 A practical microbicide must be not only effective, safe, and user-f

175 Production of CV-N, or any protein microbicide, needs to be at extremely high levels and lo

176 To be successful, a microbicide not only needs to be biologically functional

177 Cognizant of the imperative that microbicides not induce epithelial damage or inflammator

178 hat end, we studied resistance of MW2 to key microbicides of human neutrophils.

179 is is highly resistant to oxygen-independent microbicides of myeloid cells, requires an intact NADPH

180 that could form the basis of a pre-exposure microbicide or be a valuable addition to the current ten

181 ate for further development as an anti-HIV-1 microbicide or therapeutic for the prevention and treatm

182 Our results imply that targeted transport of microbicides or immunogens from the vagina to local lymp

183 ) T cells may help in the development of new microbicides or vaccines to curb HIV-1 infection at its

184 valuate intervention strategies that include microbicides or vaccines.

185 rch and development (mainly for vaccines and microbicides), or to basic science research.

186 binding small molecule may have utility as a microbicide, or microbicidal supplement, for HIV-1.

187 Colorectal tissues were exposed to microbicides overnight and either fixed in formalin to e

188 nd anti-HIV compound characteristics, affect microbicide performance.

189 on, represent promising new additions to the microbicides pipeline.

190 Guy's 13 and 4E10 and one expressing a small microbicide polypeptide cyanovirin-N.

191 n normal vaginal flora of three intravaginal microbicides potentially active against human immunodefi

192 different laboratories, and for a candidate microbicide (PRO 2000).

193 o provide strategies for large-scale protein microbicide production.

194 Topical microbicide products are being developed for the prevent

195 marker of unwanted inflammatory reaction to microbicide products topically applied for the preventio

196 protein addresses the requirement to combine microbicide products, and the production in plants is a

197 to assess the safety and efficacy of topical microbicides proposed for use in humans.

198 ness on the acceptability of semisolid ovoid microbicide prototypes intended for vaginal use.

199 ficiency virus (HIV) infection that evaluate microbicides provide significant design challenges.

200 variant in the face of a protective vaginal microbicide, PSC-RANTES.

201 o a simian-HIV vaginal challenge), while the microbicide reduced the infection risk compared to that

202 A topical microbicide reduces the probability of virus transmissio

203 ine-resistant (NVPR) strains in a variety of microbicide-relevant tests, including inactivation of ce

204 Topical microbicides represent a promising new approach to preve

205 undertaken to describe the current status of microbicide research and to delineate why microbicides a

206 ucosal infection model for HIV-1 vaccine and microbicide research.

207 icacy trials conducted to date, the field of microbicides research now faces substantial challenges.

208 due to limited phagocytosis, rather than to microbicide resistance after uptake.

209 e a more stringent preclinical assessment of microbicide safety and may prove to be more predictive o

210 e the predictive value of in vitro models of microbicide safety.

211 mediate HIV-1 transmission, and an effective microbicide should target both syndecan-3 and DC-SIGN on

212 Such microbicides should of course possess anti-HIV-1 activit

213 nt of more-effective vaccine, treatment, and microbicide strategies for HIV prevention.

214 The new trend in microbicide strategy is to use drugs currently used in H

215 ually facilitating transmission, and a novel microbicide strategy that targets this innate response t

216 s gene expression following exposure to each microbicide, such as up-regulation of transcripts involv

217 transmission of HIV, making them a potential microbicide target.

218 orporating gallic acid into a multicomponent microbicide targeting both the HIV virus and host compon

219 e an approach to developing a novel class of microbicides targeting the viral-enhancing activity of s

220 Microbicides tested included cellulose acetate 1,2-benze

221 son for clinical failure may be that current microbicide testing does not reflect the environment enc

222 c is a potential component for an anti-viral microbicide that could be used to prevent the sexual tra

223 nfection using carrageenan, a broad-spectrum microbicide that mimics heparin, and also using the anti

224 Development of a microbicide that prevents rectal transmission of human i

225 s an excellent, structurally novel candidate microbicide that warrants further preclinical evaluation

226 vide arguments for inclusion of molecules in microbicides that can effectively target HIV-1 attachmen

227 Topical microbicides that effectively block interactions between

228 Microbicides that include anti-inflammatory molecules, s

229 Thus, topical microbicides that interfere with HIV infection of Langer

230 Development of topical microbicides that prevent sexual transmission of HIV is

231 ous form may aid HIV-1 in evasion of topical microbicides that target its intracellular productive li

232 e vaccine, interventional strategies such as microbicides that target viral attachment and entry into

233 Available microbicides that target viral components have proven la

234 Topical agents, such as microbicides, that can protect against human immunodefic

235 Used as components of microbicides, the CD4-mimetic compounds might increase t

236 The development of efficient microbicides, the topically applied compounds that prote

237 One such approach is a vaginal microbicide: the application of inhibitory compounds bef

238 be most effectively targeted by vaccines and microbicides, thereby preventing acquisition and avertin

239 uggesting that it may be useful as a topical microbicide to block sexual transmission of HIV.

240 could be used as the active ingredient of a microbicide to prevent HIV sexual transmission.

241 lication, for example as a vaginal or rectal microbicide to prevent HIV-1 infection in the developing

242 -1 pathogenesis and could be used as a novel microbicide to prevent HIV-1 infection.

243 peptide T-1249 for development as a vaginal microbicide to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission.

244 ies, and possibly as components of a topical microbicide to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission.

245 A microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of HSV-2 woul

246 itor (NNRTI) UC781 is under development as a microbicide to prevent sexual transmission of the human

247 nent of an entry inhibitor-based combination microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of divers

248 GRFT could be a potential candidate microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV an

249 potential broad utility of this protein as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV.

250 peutic treatment of HIV-1 infection and as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmisssion of HIV-1

251 Nonoxynol-9 has been suggested as a vaginal microbicide to protect against common sexually transmitt

252 IV-1) entry, and has been shown as a vaginal microbicide to protect rhesus macaques from a simian-hum

253 eting molecules as potential supplements for microbicides to curb the spread of HIV-1 through sexual

254 e of what occurs in humans, modifications to microbicides to ensure that they retain activity in the

255 immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be used as microbicides to help prevent the spread of HIV in human

256 ules like the DMJ compounds may be useful as microbicides to inhibit HIV-1 infection directly and to

257 ella compounds may function as novel topical microbicides to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HI

258 HIV-1) and in developing vaccines, drugs, or microbicides to prevent infection.

259 development, testing, and implementation of microbicides to prevent intrarectal HIV-1 transmission.

260 ymer PRO 2000 are being developed as topical microbicides to protect against infection with sexually

261 are under way may demonstrate the ability of microbicides to protect against transmission of HIV, but

262 lasma competitively inhibited binding of the microbicides to the HSV-2 envelope.

263 Microbicide toxicity may reduce the efficacy of topical

264 Noninvasive quantitative measures of microbicide toxicity would usefully inform microbicide d

265 han the overall primary HIV incidence in the microbicide trial (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.20; P=0

266 a phase-1, randomized, double-blinded rectal microbicide trial, we used systems genomics/proteomics t

267 o seroconverted in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir microbicide trial.

268 men who seroconverted during the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial.

269 The issues considered in microbicide trials for the prevention of HIV infection a

270 100-mum-thin coating layers supports future microbicide use against HIV transmission.

271 Microbicides used to prevent the transmission of human i

272 r the protective efficacy of an intravaginal microbicide/vaccine or microbivac platform against prima

273 Vaginal microbicides (VMB) are currently among the few women-ini

274 interventions such as circumcision and anal microbicides warrant further study.

275 llulose acetate phthalate (CAP) as a vaginal microbicide was evaluated by applying it to the vaginal

276 Efficacy of the microbicides was evaluated by measuring human immunodefi

277 valuating the safety and efficacy of topical microbicides when used rectally.

278 potentially maximize their effectiveness as microbicides while minimizing the associated inflammator

279 However, it is likely that a protein-based microbicide will need to comprise a combination of two o

280 tion interventions (e.g., circumcision, anal microbicide) will be tested.

281 tions of combining a partially effective ARV microbicide with an envelope-based vaccine.

282 We have now evaluated MVC as a vaginal microbicide with use of a stringent model that involves

283 elopment of a vaginal (and perhaps a rectal) microbicide would be of major benefit for slowing the gl

284 A truly effective vaginal microbicide would reduce the susceptibility of women to

285 Rational development of microbicides would be greatly aided with a better unders

286 Anal microbicides would provide similar protection to circumc