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1 r decades, and create a state of physiologic microchimerism.
2 ically distinct individual is referred to as microchimerism.
3 ctors potentially associated with persistent microchimerism.
4 factor-alpha 308A allele and maternal fetal microchimerism.
5 that influence the development of fetal cell microchimerism.
6 ssed the relationship among DQA1 alleles and microchimerism.
7 ate into the host and establish long-lasting microchimerism.
8 tro immune responses in mice with persistent microchimerism.
9 cond donor kidney graft and establishment of microchimerism.
10 in the fetal circulation, known as maternal microchimerism.
11 pendent upon the presence of donor-recipient microchimerism.
12 jection can occur in spite of donor-specific microchimerism.
13 re invasive disease were deficient for fetal microchimerism.
14 l cells in her offspring, a process known as microchimerism.
15 rtaken to investigate rheumatoid nodules for microchimerism.
16 ients who lack the SE can acquire it through microchimerism.
17 espite prolonged graft survival and pig cell microchimerism.
18 uma patients develops transfusion-associated microchimerism.
19 on appeared to be due to persistent pig cell microchimerism.
20 n of infectious agents and the potential for microchimerism.
21 tolerance to organs based on fetal-maternal microchimerism.
22 es on the X chromosomes and, secondly, fetal microchimerism.
24 induced immune modulation and development of microchimerism after transfusion of trauma patients.
25 Considering findings of naturally acquired microchimerism along with iatrogenic microchimerism sugg
26 t MHC genotype is associated with persistent microchimerism among T lymphocytes in women with sclerod
28 using FL-mobilized bone marrow (BM) cells on microchimerism and anti-donor reactivity in normal and t
29 ative conditioning and resulted in transient microchimerism and clinical and virologic improvements.
31 aintained in the absence of detectable donor microchimerism and in the presence of anti-donor reactiv
32 t allograft survival This is associated with microchimerism and inhibition of antidonor cytotoxic T l
34 clinical parameters, the association between microchimerism and pulmonary function was the most strik
35 4 treatment blocked the development of donor microchimerism and recovered the ability of mice to prol
36 that EVs provide a physiologic link between microchimerism and split tolerance, with implications fo
38 further our understanding of fetal:maternal microchimerism and the role of fetal cells in maternal h
43 in the maternal circulation, known as fetal microchimerism, and maternal cells in the fetal circulat
44 ernal alleles that may work through maternal microchimerism, and sex-specific epigenetic mechanisms o
48 ection episodes in patients with and without microchimerism as defined by detectable donor DR genes.
49 resent an excellent model for study of fetal microchimerism, as they share our environment, have a na
50 t high levels of peripheral blood allogeneic microchimerism at 12 to 18 months posttransplant correla
52 ng-dilution PCR to quantify peripheral blood microchimerism at serial timepoints ranging from 3 to >4
54 isease susceptibility, our data suggest that microchimerism by itself does not play a significant rol
56 ardiac myocytes) raises the possibility that microchimerism can be a target of autoimmunity or altern
57 ars has raised the question of whether fetal microchimerism can cause subsequent disease in the mothe
59 long with iatrogenic microchimerism suggests microchimerism can have detrimental and/or beneficial ef
62 r findings is not known, HLA-disparate fetal microchimerism can persist many years after a birth and
65 This article explores the hypothesis that microchimerism contributes to the pathogenesis of sclero
71 eviewed all reports of studies on fetal cell microchimerism, defined as male DNA in maternal tissue,
72 cells may represent a human analogue of the microchimerism described in the mouse and may have signi
74 including those not given DBM, but levels of microchimerism did not correlate with graft survival.
78 either from naturally acquired or iatrogenic microchimerism (eg, cardiac myocytes) raises the possibi
79 Recent identification of tissue-specific microchimerism either from naturally acquired or iatroge
84 lack the SE can acquire the SE as persistent microchimerism from fetal-maternal cell exchange, sugges
85 We previously proposed that persistent fetal microchimerism from pregnancy contributes to the pathoge
86 Unequivocal eradication of donor leukocyte microchimerism from recipients of long-surviving organ t
88 the rate of detection defined as a count of microchimerism genome equivalents per total cell equival
96 toimmune disease in which naturally acquired microchimerism has previously been described and can som
103 we evaluated for the presence of male fetal microchimerism in buffy coat cells from women with a pri
104 islet cells and should facilitate studies of microchimerism in experimental models of pig to monkey x
105 Here, we show maternal cells that establish microchimerism in female offspring during development pr
108 The frequency of subsequent fetomaternal microchimerism in healthy women and its cell type is unk
109 til the discovery in 1992 of donor leukocyte microchimerism in long-surviving liver, and other kinds
111 ning pig kidney xenograft and persistence of microchimerism in lymphatic tissue after graft removal.
112 n of an association between persistent fetal microchimerism in maternal T lymphocytes and specific HL
113 g factor flt3 ligand (FL) on donor leukocyte microchimerism in noncytodepleted recipients of allogene
119 demonstrate an association of DQA1*0501 with microchimerism in peripheral blood DNA or T lymphocytes,
120 or irradiated splenocytes, resulted in donor microchimerism in peripheral lymphoid organs, with prefe
121 ngoing studies are evaluating the utility of microchimerism in predicting the risk of graft rejection
122 nalyses for SE type, the prevalence of QKRAA microchimerism in RA patients versus healthy controls wa
123 Although the persistence of multilineage microchimerism in recipients of long-surviving organ tra
124 ochimerism is genetically disparate, whether microchimerism in rheumatoid nodules serves as an alloge
127 al HLA genes to test for persistent maternal microchimerism in subjects with scleroderma and in healt
129 emonstrate that DQA1*0501 is associated with microchimerism in T lymphocytes or in whole peripheral b
132 (p=0.03) and concentration (p=0.06) of male microchimerism in the brains of women with Alzheimer's d
135 appear to play a role in the persistence of microchimerism in the peripheral blood or T lymphocytes
136 ransplantation demonstrates peripheral blood microchimerism in the presence of a functioning pig kidn
140 rnal cells to detect and quantitate maternal microchimerism in tissues of neoR(-/-) N2 backcross prog
144 sustained elevation of donor (I-Ab+) cells (microchimerism) in the spleen including T cell areas.
149 g our more sensitive technology, showed that microchimerism is a very common event in human liver and
150 gh high-lighted in the study of scleroderma, microchimerism is also implicated in selected other auto
151 chimerism in the blood, we hypothesized that microchimerism is also present in rheumatoid nodules and
152 ata clearly demonstrate that the presence of microchimerism is common following administration of don
158 ot required for tolerance induction and that microchimerism is not an absolute requirement for the ge
159 engraftment, our data suggest that long-term microchimerism is not required to prevent chronic reject
160 oviding direct evidence that donor-recipient microchimerism is not sufficient for the prevention of a
163 e that at least short-term donor BMC-derived microchimerism is required for prolonged allograft survi
164 We asked whether male DNA (presumed fetal microchimerism) is present in apheresis products of fema
165 e been pregnant, a phenomenon known as fetal microchimerism, is emerging as a potential contributing
166 sfusion induced a low level of hematopoietic microchimerism, it did not strictly correlate with ameli
168 me, that the fluctuation of peripheral blood microchimerism levels is associated with the recipient's
169 s to determine any association of sequential microchimerism levels with concomitant clinical events.
171 for controls, supports the possibility that microchimerism may be involved in the pathogenesis of sc
172 ng, we hypothesized that this fetal-maternal microchimerism may confer tolerance and thus less graft
173 responses, the maintenance of haploidentical microchimerism may impart an allogeneic edge in immunosu
174 ir offspring, our results indicate that this microchimerism may not improve renal allograft or patien
175 donor origin in organ transplant recipients (microchimerism) may influence allograft survival and may
179 Small amounts of genetically foreign cells (microchimerism, Mc) traffic between a mother and fetus d
183 of maternal cells and DNA known as maternal microchimerism (MMc), and we hypothesized that PM increa
187 itic cells (DCs), a prominent lineage in the microchimerism observed in rodents and clinical organ re
188 reaction (PCR) analysis to determine whether microchimerism occurred in patients who subsequently dev
189 ing age of the recipient, time elapsed since microchimerism occurred, and microchimeric cell type mod
192 unts of foreign cells or DNA, referred to as microchimerism, occurs primarily through maternal-fetal
193 ignificantly associated with the presence of microchimerism (odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval
194 study was undertaken to investigate cellular microchimerism of either male or female origin in DNA fr
196 Because of the possibility of Y chromosome microchimerism of females with male offspring, we analyz
199 NA in the human female brain as a marker for microchimerism of fetal origin (i.e. acquisition of male
200 The influence of donor hematopoietic cell microchimerism on organ allograft survival has been stud
201 ted across species lines represents cellular microchimerism, ongoing viral infection, or uptake of fr
204 udies will be necessary to determine whether microchimerism plays a role in the pathogenesis of this
205 We have postulated that the donor leukocyte microchimerism plays a seminal role in the acceptance of
206 s unclear whether this peripheral donor cell microchimerism plays an active role in graft acceptance
210 ection occurred despite high levels of donor microchimerism, providing direct evidence that donor-rec
213 mend that investigators in future studies on microchimerism report detailed pregnancy information, si
214 merism, which raises the question of whether microchimerism sometimes contributes to autoimmune disea
217 cquired microchimerism along with iatrogenic microchimerism suggests microchimerism can have detrimen
218 ass I alleles, thereby adding flexibility to microchimerism testing by enabling testing of recipients
219 s, brain tissue had higher level of maternal microchimerism than lymphoid tissue in mice MHC identica
222 ith transient systemic tacrolimus therapy on microchimerism, the survival of nonvascularized cardiac
223 the presence of chronic rejection and donor microchimerism to assess whether this regimen of immune
224 by the time course from occurrence of fetal microchimerism to the multi-factorial development of dis
225 IV infection are ostensibly at high risk for microchimerism, transfusion-associated graft-versus-host
226 drugs more than 12 years ago was tested for microchimerism using a sensitive nested polymerase chain
227 compared statistical models for quantitative microchimerism values, applied to simulated data sets an
229 of 34; P = 0.03) and the prevalence of QRRAA microchimerism was 40% versus 18% (21 of 52 versus 6 of
235 enigmatic until multilineage donor leukocyte microchimerism was discovered in 1992 in long-surviving
243 After the TBI-reconstitution at 60 days, microchimerism was undetectable in BMC recipients at 110
244 or blood of long-surviving organ recipients (microchimerism), we concluded that organ engraftment was
245 ternal-fetal histocompatibility and maternal microchimerism, we developed a sensitive quantitative PC
248 mothers of subjects with persistent maternal microchimerism were HLA incompatible with subjects for c
252 er during pregnancy can lead to long-lasting microchimerism, which raises the question of whether mic
253 We observed dynamic patterns of peripheral microchimerism, which reflected the general rise and fal
257 dly, a few rheumatoid nodules also contained microchimerism without evidence of a fetal or maternal s
258 ore examined whether inducing hematolymphoid microchimerism without myeloablation could confer the ab
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