ライフサイエンスコーパス: midbrain

1 ound source level by neurons of the auditory midbrain.

2 rgic signaling from the LH, but not from the midbrain.

3 f sensory modalities in the TeO of the avian midbrain.

4 halicus lateralis pars dorsalis (MLd) in the midbrain.

5 around the dorsal midline of the developing midbrain.

6 clein by local injection of viral-vectors in midbrain.

7 parent decreased (18)F-AV-1451 signal in the midbrain.

8 rcuit involving hippocampus and dopaminergic midbrain.

9 s expressing characteristic markers of human midbrain.

10 retention predominantly in basal ganglia and midbrain.

11 roject to the intercollicular nucleus of the midbrain.

12 rior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and midbrain.

13 possibly via dopaminergic modulation of the midbrain.

14 ojections to regions of the hypothalamus and midbrain.

15 known adaptation properties of the auditory midbrain.

16 tation, suggests a top-down influence on the midbrain.

17 s of the inferior colliculus of the auditory midbrain.

18 lume in posterior thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain.

19 enic niches throughout the forebrain and the midbrain.

20 egions of the intercollicular nucleus of the midbrain.

21 enic seizures that originate in the auditory midbrain.

22 f embryonic dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain.

23 < 0.05) in the medulla (176%), pons (146%), midbrain (101%), hippocampus (85%), thalamus (73%), cere

24 g the physiological mechanisms through which midbrain 5-HT neurons modulate amygdala circuits could b

25 Early in gestation, before midbrain 5-HT projections have reached the cortex, perip

26 sources of 5-HT predominate, and E18.5, when midbrain 5-HT projections have reached the forebrain.

27 significant decrease in 5-HT synapses in the midbrain, accompanied by decreases in SERT activity and

28 In addition, thalamic and auditory-midbrain activity was correlated with perceived room siz

29 aturalistic treatment had lower pretreatment midbrain and amygdala binding than healthy volunteers.

30 fMRI activation by appetitive tastes in the midbrain and amygdala.

31 campus that drives increased activity in the midbrain and basal ganglia.

32 trols, comprising pathways that originate in midbrain and brainstem regions and project onto the spin

33 lly, minor connections are present with some midbrain and brainstem structures.

34 activity in primary auditory regions in the midbrain and cortex; voice-selective superior temporal s

35 been found within dopaminergic nuclei of the midbrain and dopaminoceptive areas of the striatum.

36 a testable mechanistic framework of how the midbrain and forebrain networks interact to control spat

37 ource of GLP-1, with the other nuclei in the midbrain and forebrain, we tested the hypothesis that GL

38 toe1-morphant zebrafish displayed midbrain and hindbrain degeneration, modeling PCH-like s

39 n recently revealed correlations between the midbrain and hindbrain, demonstrating the utility of mea

40 ngly Galphat-S-ir cells were observed in the midbrain and hindbrain, increasing the known populations

41 We also developed protocols for midbrain and hypothalamic organoids.

42 In contrast, many cell groups in the midbrain and hypothalamus exhibit low FMRP levels.

43 tractable in vitro system to study the human midbrain and its related diseases.

44 d LDT), provides major cholinergic inputs to midbrain and regulates locomotion and reward.

45 The attenuated responses to MP in midbrain and striatum are consistent with decreased brai

46 L5B cells target six nuclei in the anterior midbrain and thalamus, including the posterior thalamus,

47 sulpiride attenuated adaptive coding in both midbrain and ventral striatum, and was associated with a

48 vious observations of adaptive coding in the midbrain and ventral striatum.

49 activity in mesolimbic (ventral striatal and midbrain) and prefrontal cortical (dorsolateral prefront

50 the brain (olfactory bulb, hippocampus, and midbrain) and reduction of the hepatic iron store withou

51 creased resting activity in the hippocampus, midbrain, and basal ganglia.

52 were found in the subpallium, hypothalamus, midbrain, and brainstem.

53 obus pallidus, putamen, subthalamic nucleus, midbrain, and dentate nucleus relative to controls and P

54 1 uptake in the putamen, pallidum, thalamus, midbrain, and in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum (

55 51 ((18)F-T807) binds to neuromelanin in the midbrain, and may therefore be a measure of the pigmente

56 ncreased activation of the ventral striatum, midbrain, and other limbic regions for neutral cues, neu

57 blunted activation of the ventral striatum, midbrain, and other limbic regions for rewards and posit

58 d wake in the basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the minke whale, a mysticete cetac

59 d wake in the basal forebrain, diencephalon, midbrain, and pons of the river hippopotamus, one of the

60 lateral prefrontal cortex/insula, the dorsal midbrain, and the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

61 m the thalamus and related structures to the midbrain are evolutionarily highly conserved.

62 m the thalamus and related structures to the midbrain are evolutionarily highly conserved.

63 LHb), the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and the midbrain are not only reciprocally connected, but also r

64 ed GABAergic and glycinergic currents in the midbrain are strikingly similar.

65 The dorsomedial striatum (DMS) and midbrain areas of the nigrostriatal circuit are critical

66 for (18)F-FPSCH when using a 60-min scan and midbrain as the reference region, whereas Bland-Altman a

67 PET scan and the use of either cerebellum or midbrain as the reference region.

68 ement of neural activity in the dopaminergic midbrain as well as the striatal areas to which it proje

69 these neurons play in human behavior and in midbrain-associated illnesses such as addiction, depress

70 e receptor BPND and in relationships between midbrain BPND, nicotine dependence and striatal dopamine

71 ei, basal ganglia, and distinct areas of the midbrain, brainstem, and cerebellar cortex.

72 excitatory-inhibitory interaction evident in midbrain, but not brainstem, neurons.

73 ncreases damage by oxidative stress in human midbrain cells.

74 The superior colliculus, a major midbrain center for saccade generation, was examined to

75 The superior colliculus (SC) is a midbrain center involved in controlling head and eye mov

76 Midbrain, cerebellum, and hippocampus were evaluated as

77 The results highlight a midbrain circuit that gates avoidance responses, which c

78 adolescent alcohol use is attributable to a midbrain circuit, including the input from the pedunculo

79 increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to midbrain connectivity.

80 16) describe a 3D culture model of the human midbrain containing dopaminergic neurons and neuromelani

81 regions; however, a 3D organoid model of the midbrain containing functional midbrain dopaminergic (mD

82 minergic (DA) neurons located in the ventral midbrain continuously generate a slow endogenous pacemak

83 ial layers of the superior colliculus of the midbrain, converging projections from retinal ganglion c

84 Distinct networks in the forebrain and the midbrain coordinate to control spatial attention.

85 ll the participants, DAT availability in the midbrain correlated positively with the neural response

86 g agonist, thus identifying a unique role of midbrain D3 receptors in decision-making processes.

87 ing and suggest that individual variation in midbrain D3 receptors influences flexible behavior.

88 g were assessed on LHb-induced inhibition of midbrain DA cell firing in anesthetized rats.

89 tral tegmental area stimulates activation of midbrain DA cells and promotes DA release in terminal re

90 ine upregulates nAChR number and function on midbrain DA neurons more than nicotine alone.

91 DAT) promoter control to ablate Cnr2 gene in midbrain DA neurons of DAT-Cnr2 conditional knockout (cK

92 t: administered alone chronically, it alters midbrain DA neurons of the nicotine reward-related pathw

93 tional difference between two populations of midbrain DA neurons that may contribute to their differe

94 mportant component of a pathway that enables midbrain DA neurons to encode the negative valence assoc

95 Our results connect changes in midbrain DA neurons to menthol-induced enhancements of n

96 cetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) expressed on midbrain DA neurons.

97 the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to midbrain DA regions.

98 Here we report that ErbB4 in midbrain DAergic axonal projections regulates extracellu

99 rkinson's disease (PD), cografting NPCs with midbrain-derived astrocytes engineered to overexpress th

100 nto the molecular programs controlling human midbrain development and provides a foundation for the d

101 ANs and indicate that tau may participate in midbrain development in a dose-dependent way.

102 ingle-cell RNA sequencing to examine ventral midbrain development in human and mouse.

103 n synucleinopathies and indicates that human midbrain disease models may be useful for identifying cr

104 that the vertebrate thalamus, pretectum, and midbrain domains jointly correspond to a single amphioxu

105 Ventral midbrain dopamine (DA) is unambiguously involved in moti

106 It is widely accepted that the midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons are critical for the rewa

107 attributed to a corresponding inhibition of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons.

108 CEA inputs to the midbrain dopamine (DA) system are positioned to influenc

109 onal theory and highlights the importance of midbrain dopamine (DA).

110 due to the larger functional reserve of the midbrain dopamine and integrated basal ganglia motor sys

111 STATEMENT: Phasic changes in the activity of midbrain dopamine cells motivate and guide future behavi

112 smokers and suggest a sex difference in how midbrain dopamine D2-type autoreceptors influence nicoti

113 addiction, we tested for sex differences in midbrain dopamine D2-type receptor BPND and in relations

114 nsate for behavioral deficits resulting from midbrain dopamine dysfunction.

115 y preconditioning has been used to implicate midbrain dopamine in model-based learning, contradicting

116 c approaches to prevent transient changes in midbrain dopamine neuron activity during the critical er

117 Midbrain dopamine neuron dysfunction contributes to vari

118 physiological alpha-syn conformers in human midbrain dopamine neurons and tested their contribution

119 nfirmation of expression of the transgene in midbrain dopamine neurons and validation of its effectiv

120 Midbrain dopamine neurons are crucial for many behaviora

121 The demonstration that midbrain dopamine neurons are intermixed with glutamate

122 quantified in human neuroblastoma cells and midbrain dopamine neurons derived from induced pluripote

123 New research indicates that midbrain dopamine neurons encode multiple types of error

124 We developed a mouse line targeting midbrain dopamine neurons for Translating Ribosome Affin

125 Midbrain dopamine neurons have been proposed to signal p

126 Midbrain dopamine neurons have been proposed to signal r

127 Such adaptive coding has been linked to midbrain dopamine neurons in nonhuman primates, and evid

128 ween dopamine and glutamatergic signaling in midbrain dopamine neurons in response to acute administr

129 its dependence on VGLUT2 are seen in ventral midbrain dopamine neurons in the mouse.

130 Midbrain dopamine neurons recorded in vivo pause their f

131 Midbrain dopamine neurons signal reward prediction error

132 Using a preparation of dissociated mouse midbrain dopamine neurons to isolate effects on intrinsi

133 i and sends robust inhibitory projections to midbrain dopamine neurons, leading to the hypothesis tha

134 density and function of dendritic spines on midbrain dopamine neurons, or the relative contribution

135 ward history, this RPE signal is provided by midbrain dopamine neurons.

136 voked inhibitory pauses in subpopulations of midbrain dopamine neurons.

137 crease AMPA receptor (AMPAR)/NMDAR ratios in midbrain dopamine neurons.

138 nd distribution of these receptors in living midbrain dopamine neurons.

139 dented interhemispheric communication in the midbrain dopamine system of awake and anesthetized rats.

140 for understanding the normal function of the midbrain dopamine system.

141 In midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons from mice containing

142 Midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nig

143 genesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Understanding midbrain dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron-selective vulnera

144 el of PD, following transplantation of human midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons differentiated from

145 n major recent advances in the generation of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons from stem cells for

146 model of the midbrain containing functional midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons has not been reporte

147 onomously represses Smad signalling to limit midbrain dopaminergic axon growth and target innervation

148 died, the molecular mechanisms that regulate midbrain dopaminergic axon growth and target innervation

149 reveal a new mechanism for the regulation of midbrain dopaminergic axon growth during central nervous

150 models of neuronal networks of striatal and midbrain dopaminergic function.

151 's disease are attributed to degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DNs).

152 but their molecular targets and function in midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAn) as well as their ro

153 nction of tau in maintaining the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDANs) during aging.

154 ing appropriate connections for cell therapy.Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mDAs) in the VTA and SNpc

155 Midbrain dopaminergic neurons (mesDA) are the nerve cell

156 he molecular and anatomical heterogeneity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and contribute to a better

157 nating enzyme, lead to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and juvenile-onset Parkins

158 dings underscore the complex organization of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and provide an entry point

159 of the mechanisms underlying burst firing in midbrain dopaminergic neurons and those that suppress ac

160 Midbrain dopaminergic neurons are highly heterogeneous.

161 6 as a specific marker for a novel subset of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain th

162 aneous movements in the firing of identified midbrain dopaminergic neurons is cell-type selective.

163 on and characterization of a novel subset of midbrain dopaminergic neurons located in the ventral teg

164 cing experiments demonstrate that Neurod6(+) midbrain dopaminergic neurons neurons project to two dis

165 Midbrain dopaminergic neurons project via the nigrostria

166 dopaminergic neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Midbrain dopaminergic neurons regulate diverse brain fun

167 disease in mouse, we targeted RGMa to adult midbrain dopaminergic neurons using adeno-associated vir

168 whereas GABAergic inputs onto DMS-projecting midbrain dopaminergic neurons was suppressed.

169 iatum, without an increase in the numbers of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, in conditional Zeb2 (Nest

170 es the function, plasticity, and survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, the dysfunction of which

171 modify gene function in specific subsets of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.

172 s indicated that Hsc70 and TH co-localize in midbrain dopaminergic neurons.

173 s disease by inducing the selective death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.

174 of the functions of the Neurod6(+) subset of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Mid

175 y et al. (2017) identify specific markers of midbrain dopaminergic progenitors to improve their deriv

176 ls are downregulated in the embryonic rodent midbrain during the period of dopaminergic axon growth,

177 d anterior prefrontal cortex and exaggerated midbrain engagement occurred in unaffected siblings when

178 als is correlated with an enlargement of the midbrain exterolateral nucleus (EL), and a differentiati

179 timulation elicited evoked potentials in the midbrain exterolateral nucleus at a short latency follow

180 g and expanding large numbers of homogeneous midbrain floor plate progenitors (mFPPs) that retain eff

181 Neurons in auditory midbrain, for example, rapidly adapt their firing rates

182 nosynaptically innervating aversion-encoding midbrain GABA cells.

183 nits, but this upregulation did not occur in midbrain GABAergic neurons.

184 ain is the formation of the highly conserved midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB).

185 oint of deepest constriction of the MHB, the midbrain-hindbrain boundary constriction (MHBC), and are

186 nhanced fMRI-signals within the dopaminergic midbrain, hippocampus, and ventral striatum (the SN/VTA-

187 ere we demonstrate the expression of RGMa in midbrain human dopaminergic (DA) neurons.

188 hin the 3-dimensional layout of the auditory midbrain in most species.

189 ication on the dural surface of the auditory midbrain in mouse suppresses sound evoked neural activit

190 and its little-understood projections to the midbrain-in modulating meta-adaptation.

191 ecause dopamine D2-type autoreceptors in the midbrain influence striatal dopamine release, a function

192 ged deficits following lower subcortical and midbrain injury.

193 ed neurons, the axons of which innervate the midbrain interpeduncular nucleus (IPN).

194 The midbrain is an important subcortical area involved in di

195 Understanding human embryonic ventral midbrain is of major interest for Parkinson's disease.

196 The optic tectum in the midbrain is the primary region to which retinal ganglion

197 cord and brainstem, but its presence in the midbrain is unknown.

198 remor related to multiple sclerosis (MS) and midbrain lesions.

199 DA neurons and dopamine production in our 3D midbrain-like organoids (MLOs).

200 to 16%, resulting in iDANs with appropriate midbrain markers and excitability.

201 Thus our MLOs bearing features of the human midbrain may provide a tractable in vitro system to stud

202 ing cortical projections to the striatum and midbrain may underlie the striatal dopamine changes.

203 RK2 G2019S impairs SV endocytosis in ventral midbrain (MB) neurons, including DA neurons, and the slo

204 C lines and compared them to that of primary midbrain (mDA) neurons.

205 ctions from the LHb and projects strongly to midbrain monoaminergic nuclei, is believed to underlie t

206 limbic forebrain areas and innervating major midbrain monoaminergic nuclei.

207 With the cochlear implant and the midbrain multielectrode arrays left in place, the ears w

208 This study explores the contribution of a midbrain network to visual perception in chickens.

209 colliculus (SC)-the central structure in the midbrain network-in visuospatial attention has been show

210 repeatedly switches between quiet and loud, midbrain neurons accrue experience to find an efficient

211 ignals, and that the responses of individual midbrain neurons are also sensitive to variation in thes

212 important component for differentiation into midbrain neurons as well as for preventing precocious ol

213 ted the effect of long-term menthol alone on midbrain neurons containing nAChRs.

214 We cultured mouse ventral midbrain neurons for 3 weeks.

215 tantly, treatment of LRRK2 G2019S expressing midbrain neurons or patient-derived LRRK2 G2019S LCLs wi

216 ynthesis or alpha-synuclein amounts in mouse midbrain neurons recapitulated pathological phenotypes o

217 und that the responses of interval-selective midbrain neurons were also sensitive to the precise temp

218 2 G2019S induced mtDNA damage in primary rat midbrain neurons, but not in cortical neuronal cultures.

219 ned in vivo whole-cell patch recordings from midbrain neurons, extraction of excitatory and inhibitor

220 In mouse brain slices and cultured midbrain neurons, menthol reduced DA neuron firing frequ

221 ompanied by enhanced excitability of DMS and midbrain neurons.

222 ability and synaptic transmission in DMS and midbrain neurons.

223 in a detailed somatotopic manner within the midbrain NL.

224 ding dopamine and serotonin projections from midbrain nuclei to modulate drug reward.

225 eral septal nuclei, certain hypothalamic and midbrain nuclei, and several regions of the brainstem.

226 ortex (OFC) receives dopaminergic input from midbrain nuclei, but the role of dopamine in the OFC is

227 to investigate is the superior colliculus, a midbrain oculomotor center responsible for the generatio

228 eral projections can release dopamine in the midbrain of 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.

229 er device that delivered NIr (670 nm) to the midbrain of macaque monkeys, close to the substantia nig

230 nd suppresses autophagy in the forebrain and midbrain of NTD embryos.

231 ferior colliculus, an auditory center in the midbrain of the auditory pathway.

232 Striatal SRTM BPND using midbrain or cerebellum as the reference region was signi

233 ead) had no effect on mtDNA damage in either midbrain or cortical neuronal cultures.

234 with no significant decrease in hippocampus, midbrain, or cerebellum VT Baseline striatal SRTM BPND d

235 y pursuit was mediated by projections to the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter.

236 The midbrain periaqueductal grey (PAG) lies at the heart of

237 nd neuroanatomical tracing methods to define midbrain periaqueductal grey circuits for specific defen

238 ical alignment of ideas about motivation and midbrain physiology and the potential for generalizable

239 nds, suggesting that neurons in the auditory midbrain predict the mean level of future sounds and ada

240 ivity to reward feedback in the dopaminergic midbrain-predicted reward-elicited variance in lingering

241 n transporter binding potential in the lower midbrain predicts future suicide attempts and whether hi

242 n from a distinct subset of vHC neurons onto midbrain-projecting neurons in the central amygdala is n

243 Dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the midbrain provide rich topographic innervation of the str

244 y in the cortex-and, to a lesser extent, the midbrain-rebounded or surpassed control levels.

245 with [(18)F]fallypride to measure BPND in a midbrain region, encompassing the substantia nigra and v

246 ing, but spatially dissociable, dopaminergic midbrain regions expressing both types of PE.

247 o-photon calcium imaging of retino-recipient midbrain regions isolated the optic tectum as an importa

248 a central structure connecting forebrain to midbrain regions.

249 in single neurons of the chinchilla auditory midbrain) remain robust under stimulus conditions that r

250 Frequency tuning in the midbrain resembled peripheral frequency tuning, which ma

251 e a priori regions of interest (amygdala and midbrain) revealed a significant difference in amygdala

252 de ethologically relevant stimuli and co-opt midbrain reward circuits to promote prosocial behaviors

253 ses in the amygdala, striatum, hypothalamus, midbrain, right insula, and right dorsolateral prefronta

254 th depression who attempt suicide have lower midbrain serotonin transporter binding potential compare

255 ny brain region (F1,10 = 0.83; P = .38), and midbrain serotonin transporter binding potential did not

256 ever, that small electrolytic lesions in the midbrain severely impair a chicken's ability to discrimi

257 ic processing appears after the level of the midbrain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT For some sensory modalit

258 ral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons in midbrain slices ex vivo.

259 forskolin-induced increase in cAMP levels in midbrain slices, consistent with reported effects of inh

260 A primary function of the midbrain stimulus selection network is to compute the hi

261 pars parvocellularis (Ipc)-key nodes in the midbrain stimulus selection network-in chickens trained

262 st (including the amygdala, hippocampus, and midbrain, striatal, and prefrontal cortical subdivisions

263 s in the primate superior colliculus (SC), a midbrain structure associated with attention and gaze, w

264 lated or inactivated a key attention-related midbrain structure, the superior colliculus (SC).

265 ns and saw increased activity within ventral midbrain structures, including the ventral tegmental are

266 analyzing patterns of neural activity in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) of an echolocating bat

267 eries of neural recording experiments in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) of echolocating bats e

268 ase, 18F-AV-1451 binding was elevated in the midbrain (t = 2.1, P < 0.04); while patients with progre

269 P(+) axons are first observed to reach their midbrain target, the substantia nigra pars reticulata (S

270 n of dHb neurons and connectivity with their midbrain target.

271 orsal pallidum projects to both thalamic and midbrain targets similar to the direct and indirect path

272 conspicuous groups of dopamine cells in the midbrain tegmentum and profuse innervation of the subpal

273 optic tectum, semicircular torus, and caudal midbrain tegmentum, but conspicuous projections also rea

274 benula, ventral thalamus, pretectum, rostral midbrain tegmentum, posterior tuberculum, reticular form

275 olfactory bulbs/telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain tegmentum, retina, and gonads.

276 ects were most profound in putamen, caudate, midbrain, thalamus, and cerebellum.

277 ncreased anticipatory reward activity in the midbrain, thalamus, and precuneus (pFWE<0.05).

278 ic set of markers associated with the caudal midbrain that correlate with high dopaminergic yield aft

279 is supported by integrated structures in the midbrain that create a neural simulation of the state of

280 midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain that project to the lateral septum, and we reve

281 We focus on the visual part of the avian midbrain, the optic tectum (TeO, counterpart to mammalia

282 sing precursor cells migrate from the dorsal midbrain to generate dLGN-INs.

283 etrograde beads were infused into the DMS or midbrain to label specific neuronal types, and ischemic

284 uggests that this merging takes place in the midbrain torus semicircularis (TS).

285 Dopamine transmission from midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) neurons underlies

286 ure synergy maps to glutamate neurons of the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA), where Cbln1 delet

287 reward-sensitive dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain ventral tegmental areas.

288 i-iodothyronine (T3) in coconut oil into the midbrain ventricle or into the eye, selectively increase

289 Abnormal development of ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) pathways, essential for

290 l cortex (lOFC) and the dopaminergic ventral midbrain (VM) that predict trial-by-trial changes to a b

291 Binding of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO in the midbrain was negatively related to the ability of rats t

292 dicated that [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in the midbrain was related to the learning rate and sensitivit

293 rojections from the lateral hypothalamus and midbrain, we analyzed the distribution of projections la

294 Using recordings of unit activity in the midbrain, we were able to investigate the excitation pat

295 dorsal vagal complex or SNpc; brainstem and midbrain were examined for tracer distribution and neuro

296 mplitudes evoked from the left forebrain and midbrain were typically larger than those from the right

297 nd radial columns, as well as the developing midbrain, were identified.

298 he inferior colliculus (ICC) of the auditory midbrain, which integrates most ascending auditory infor

299 ng, the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) of the midbrain, which is activated as novel stimuli become fam

300 In contrast, the midbrain, which receives parallel retinal input, encodes