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1 d interaction of MYO2 and genes required for mitochondrial fusion.
2 otypes are not necessarily caused by altered mitochondrial fusion.
3 association, which is a necessary prelude to mitochondrial fusion.
4 levels of Fzo1 and maintenance of efficient mitochondrial fusion.
5 on is necessary for increased IHG-1-mediated mitochondrial fusion.
6 , a molecule required for maintaining proper mitochondrial fusion.
7 h long and short forms of OPA1 and maintains mitochondrial fusion.
8 of YAP2 in human cell lines causes increased mitochondrial fusion.
9 morphology and have overlapping functions in mitochondrial fusion.
10 gulates the lipid and protein machineries of mitochondrial fusion.
11 phosphorylation sites, leading to unopposed mitochondrial fusion.
12 Further, MODE 2 sequestration prevents mitochondrial fusion.
13 ondrial transport, distinct from its role in mitochondrial fusion.
14 ic animals is also associated with depressed mitochondrial fusion.
15 een Fzo1 GTP hydrolysis, ubiquitylation, and mitochondrial fusion.
16 FZO-1 is important for its ability to cause mitochondrial fusion.
17 hosphatases Mfn1,2 and Opa1 are required for mitochondrial fusion.
18 nduction of mitochondrial beta-oxidation and mitochondrial fusion.
19 optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), the key proteins for mitochondrial fusion.
20 ity in cells that regulates apoptosis and/or mitochondrial fusion.
21 In yeast, three proteins are essential for mitochondrial fusion.
22 ropathy, result from a primary deficiency of mitochondrial fusion.
23 on and enhanced by perturbations that reduce mitochondrial fusion.
24 e levels of Fzo1p are required for efficient mitochondrial fusion.
25 zo1p degradation in the multistep process of mitochondrial fusion.
26 between the two mitofusins in the control of mitochondrial fusion.
27 odel for neurodegeneration caused by loss of mitochondrial fusion.
28 y Mfn2 disease mutants are nonfunctional for mitochondrial fusion.
29 itochondrial membrane, which plays a role in mitochondrial fusion.
30 of neurodegeneration due to perturbations in mitochondrial fusion.
31 or the dependence of respiratory activity on mitochondrial fusion.
32 how individual OPA1 splice forms function in mitochondrial fusion.
33 tofusin 2 (Mfn2) and that may participate in mitochondrial fusion.
34 about how these domains interact to mediate mitochondrial fusion.
35 lipid-modifying enzymes that is required for mitochondrial fusion.
36 d caused increased fragmentation by blocking mitochondrial fusion.
37 1p and thereby link these two GTPases during mitochondrial fusion.
38 proteins form protein complexes that mediate mitochondrial fusion.
39 in-related Mgm1 protein is also required for mitochondrial fusion.
40 determine to be due to a severe reduction in mitochondrial fusion.
41 the GTPase domain of Mgm1p completely block mitochondrial fusion.
42 hree separate molecular complexes to promote mitochondrial fusion.
43 duced oxidative phosphorylation and enhanced mitochondrial fusion.
44 ) as new Smad2 binding partners required for mitochondrial fusion.
45 namin-related GTPases that are essential for mitochondrial fusion.
46 mportant and elusive process of MFN-mediated mitochondrial fusion.
47 bc13 inactivation abrogates parkin-dependent mitochondrial fusion.
48 ion, suppressing mitophagy without impairing mitochondrial fusion.
49 al respiratory capacity, ATP production, and mitochondrial fusion.
50 quitin ligases Mdm30 and Rsp5 that modulates mitochondrial fusion.
53 Drp1 activity and shifts the balance toward mitochondrial fusion, adding another layer of complexity
54 ystems has shown that Mfn-2 is a mediator of mitochondrial fusion, an evolutionarily conserved proces
55 l insights into the molecular events driving mitochondrial fusion and advance our understanding of th
56 , overexpression of IHG-1 leads to increased mitochondrial fusion and also protects cells from reacti
57 N2 (the gene encoding mitofusin 2) interrupt mitochondrial fusion and cause the untreatable neurodege
63 t the differential roles of L- and S-OPA1 in mitochondrial fusion and energetics are ill-defined.
64 tions in Mfn1 or Mfn2 retained low levels of mitochondrial fusion and escaped major cellular dysfunct
69 on the intimate relationship between normal mitochondrial fusion and fission balances, as influenced
70 the first time that retuning the balance of mitochondrial fusion and fission can restore tissue inte
74 In this article, we investigate beta-cell mitochondrial fusion and fission in detail and report al
76 eplication, thus revealing crucial roles for mitochondrial fusion and fission in maintaining the inte
78 ing the mechanisms underlying the control of mitochondrial fusion and fission is critical to understa
81 proteins have been implicated in controlling mitochondrial fusion and fission processes in both livin
82 nd mtDNA depletion as well as aberrations of mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins, which eventua
85 alterations of the opposing forces governing mitochondrial fusion and fission, similarly affect retin
89 es mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion and in tethering of mitochondria to
90 Thus, OMM protein distribution depends on mitochondrial fusion and is a locus of apoptotic dysfunc
91 two mammalian mitofusin GTPases that promote mitochondrial fusion and maintain organelle integrity.
92 (OPA1), a dynamin-like GTPase that regulates mitochondrial fusion and maintenance of cristae architec
93 codes a dynamin-related GTPase implicated in mitochondrial fusion and maintenance of the mitochondria
94 s partially rescued by mutants that regulate mitochondrial fusion and maintenance of the tubular morp
95 results shed light on the molecular basis of mitochondrial fusion and mitofusin-related human neuromu
96 two opposing processes: bud-tip anchorage by mitochondrial fusion and Mmr1p, which favors bulk inheri
98 related to human SLP2, a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion and protein complex formation in th
101 control levels attenuated the htau-enhanced mitochondrial fusion and restored the functions, while d
102 Disruption of OPA1 by RNAi also blocked all mitochondrial fusion and resulted in similar cellular de
103 lacking both Mfn1 and Mfn2 completely lacked mitochondrial fusion and showed severe cellular defects,
105 ains are required for its ability to promote mitochondrial fusion and that Mgm1p self-interacts, sugg
107 ase associated MFN2 proteins suppressed both mitochondrial fusion and transport, and produced classic
108 nnection, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) participates in mitochondrial fusion and undergoes repression in muscle
109 tic vesicle cycling, glutamate transmission, mitochondrial fusion, and calcium buffering, is complex
110 ndrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP), mitochondrial fusion, and mtDNA biogenesis have already
112 an impaired mRNA export is not dependent on mitochondrial fusion, as the deletion of FZO1, an essent
116 e results highlight the importance of normal mitochondrial fusion balance, as influenced by the OPA1
117 This observation suggests a requirement for mitochondrial fusion, beyond maintenance of organelle mo
118 ls of fission genes, and increased levels of mitochondrial fusion, biogenesis and synaptic genes in S
119 optotic effect is independent of its role in mitochondrial fusion but mainly mediated by inhibition o
120 phatidylethanolamine is proposed to regulate mitochondrial fusion, but its mechanism of action is unk
122 that the Mdm30-Ubp2-Rsp5 crosstalk regulates mitochondrial fusion by coordinating an intricate balanc
123 ammalian Phospholipase D MitoPLD facilitates mitochondrial fusion by generating the signaling lipid p
124 elegans has previously been shown to promote mitochondrial fusion by physically interacting with the
125 inactive cytoplasmic Smad2 rapidly promotes mitochondrial fusion by recruiting RIN1 into a complex w
126 demonstrate that mitochondrial PE regulates mitochondrial fusion by regulating the biophysical prope
127 ns, and demonstrate that mitofusin-dependent mitochondrial fusion can be regulated in mouse cells by
129 1 to mitochondria , as well as to a block in mitochondrial fusion , cellular mechanisms underlying th
130 amic balance between the opposing actions of mitochondrial fusion, controlled by Mitofusin (mfn) and
132 tochondrial fusion, further exacerbating the mitochondrial fusion defect of the Deltapsd1 strain.
133 s interconnected mitochondrial network and a mitochondrial fusion defect that is not explained by alt
137 the deletion of FZO1, an essential gene for mitochondrial fusion, does not alter the export of ADH1,
140 lated by cytoplasmic lipases, autophagy, and mitochondrial fusion dynamics, ensuring maximum oxidativ
143 udies reveal that Mfn1, a GTPase involved in mitochondrial fusion, establishes a mitochondrial size t
144 he mitochondrial ATP pool via a shift toward mitochondrial fusion, excess mitochondrial reactive oxyg
145 otic Bcl2 protein, Bax, positively regulates mitochondrial fusion exclusively through homotypic MFN2
146 ondrial assembly regulatory factor (Marf), a mitochondrial fusion factor (mitofusin), as well as othe
149 48 h in Caenorhabditis elegans, and requires mitochondrial fusion, fission and autophagy, providing g
150 'Mitochondrial dynamics', the processes of mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis and mitophagy
151 chondrial dysfunction with marked changes in mitochondrial fusion, fission, morphology and transcript
152 discuss the reciprocal interactions between mitochondrial fusion, fission, transport and mitophagy.
153 l dynamics, incorporating recent findings on mitochondrial fusion, fission, transport and mitophagy.
155 bscured details of morphological dynamics of mitochondrial fusion/fission and ER remodeling, as well
156 on-defective mitochondrial size decreases, a mitochondrial fusion/fission cycle in adult mouse hearts
160 Here, we review newly described functions of mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins in cardiac mitocho
161 pro-fusion effect by increasing the ratio of mitochondrial fusion/fission proteins without resulting
162 arance of damaged mitochondria by autophagy, mitochondrial fusion/fission, and biogenesis) may contri
164 iogenesis of s-Mgm1, a protein essential for mitochondrial fusion, further exacerbating the mitochond
168 (fission 1) and decreased expression of the mitochondrial fusion genes Mfn1 (mitofusin 1), Mfn2 (mit
169 cently emerged, implicating mutations in the mitochondrial fusion genes OPA1 and MFN2 in the pathogen
170 ommonly caused by mutations in the canonical mitochondrial fusion genes OPA1 and MFN2, respectively.
173 i) verapamil suppressed both contraction and mitochondrial fusion, (ii) after spontaneous contraction
174 ochondrial fission and rescued by decreasing mitochondrial fusion, implying that mitochondria can phy
179 rs describe how insulin signalling regulates mitochondrial fusion in C. elegans, and show that mitoch
180 SCF(LIN-23)-regulated pathway that controls mitochondrial fusion in Caenorhabditis elegans by repres
185 in breast cancer, is a pivotal regulator of mitochondrial fusion in glucose-starved cancer cells.
186 to promptly restore cellular metabolism and mitochondrial fusion in keeping with the short residence
187 ndrial membrane protein that participates in mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells, contributes to
188 ts, blocking DNM1-dependent fission restores mitochondrial fusion in mgm1ts cells during mating.
190 ochondrial biogenesis in patient muscle, and mitochondrial fusion in patient fibroblasts associated w
193 rough FZO-1/Mfn1,2 and EAT-3/Opa1 to promote mitochondrial fusion in response to specific cellular si
194 ll identify how diet-dependent modulation of mitochondrial fusion in specific neuronal circuits impac
195 morphology, demonstrating a central role for mitochondrial fusion in the cardiomyopathy provoked by i
196 al ATP production in POMC neurons, promoting mitochondrial fusion in their neurites, and increasing P
200 s not yet been possible to directly modulate mitochondrial fusion, in part because the structural bas
202 ent increased Opa-1 protein levels, promoted mitochondrial fusion, increased mitochondrial membrane p
203 wever, mgm1 dnm1 mutants remain defective in mitochondrial fusion, indicating that mitochondrial fusi
206 These cellular observations may explain why mitochondrial fusion is essential for embryonic developm
213 ing mtDNA function in the face of mutations, mitochondrial fusion is likely to be a protective factor
214 animals and yeasts, in which CL's effect on mitochondrial fusion is more profound, Arabidopsis CL pl
215 hondrial fusion in C. elegans, and show that mitochondrial fusion is necessary, but not sufficient, f
219 t, in which mitochondrial fission occurs but mitochondrial fusion is restricted, suggesting that ced-
221 ns Mfn1 and Mfn2, large GTPases that mediate mitochondrial fusion, is induced by Parkin upon membrane
222 igomeric mitochondrial protein important for mitochondrial fusion, is mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth
223 hondria from diverse eukaryotes, followed by mitochondrial fusion (limited mechanistically to green p
224 Formation of lamellar cristae depends on the mitochondrial fusion machinery through a pathway that is
225 ion of Opa-1 and mitofusins, proteins of the mitochondrial fusion machinery, is dramatically altered
228 ion phenotype, neither overexpression of the mitochondrial fusion/MAM-tethering protein MFN2 nor inhi
230 discover new proteins that interact with the mitochondrial fusion mediator mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and tha
233 HG-1 forms complexes with known mediators of mitochondrial fusion-mitofusins (Mfns) 1 and 2-and enhan
234 phology observed in a drp-1 mutant, in which mitochondrial fusion occurs but mitochondrial fission is
237 demonstrate that CED-9 can promote complete mitochondrial fusion of both the outer and inner mitocho
239 lished role of mitofusins (MFN1 and MFN2) in mitochondrial fusion, only MFN2 has been associated with
240 a within migrating cells by interfering with mitochondrial fusion (opa-1) or fission (drp-1) proteins
241 hrough a mechanism that depends on increased mitochondrial fusion, Opa-1, and the Akt-mTOR-NFkappaB p
242 cells was not associated with inhibition of mitochondrial fusion or bioenergetic defects, supporting
243 ivo mouse models in which mitofusin-mediated mitochondrial fusion or dynamin-related protein 1-mediat
245 several disease models, the manipulation of mitochondrial fusion or fission can partially rescue dis
247 n of Fzo1p have both been shown to alter the mitochondrial fusion process indicating that maintenance
251 ous loss-of-function mutations affecting the mitochondrial fusion-promoting factors OPA1 and Mfn2.
254 ich mutations in this ubiquitously expressed mitochondrial fusion protein lead to neuropathy has not
255 ndrial fission activity or inhibition of the mitochondrial fusion protein Marf-1 in posterior-localiz
259 monstrates that a phosphorylated form of the mitochondrial fusion protein Mitofusin 2 serves as a rec
264 se that induces degradation of the mitofusin mitochondrial fusion proteins and mitochondrial fission.
266 experiments indicate a fundamental role for mitochondrial fusion proteins in mammalian physiology.
270 e resulting OPA1 depletion causes a block in mitochondrial fusion, providing a compelling mechanism f
271 sing this assay, we visualize and quantitate mitochondrial fusion rates in healthy and apoptotic cell
272 he diverse longevity pathways, as inhibiting mitochondrial fusion reduces their lifespans to wild-typ
274 sturbances in mitochondrial architecture and mitochondrial fusion-related genes are observed in situa
277 ive in mitochondrial fusion, indicating that mitochondrial fusion requires Mgm1p regardless of the mo
282 tively controls mRNA export independently of mitochondrial fusion, revealing a novel function of an F
283 lated experiment, we find that disruption of mitochondrial fusion strongly increases mitochondrial dy
284 ptional up-regulation of genes that regulate mitochondrial fusion, such as opa1-like (opa1) and mitoc
286 m reveals a central mechanism that regulates mitochondrial fusion, the manipulation of which can corr
287 e GTPase domains of Fzo1p and Mgm1p regulate mitochondrial fusion, they were not required for associa
288 lian cells have multiple pathways to control mitochondrial fusion through regulation of the spectrum
289 on GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 promoted mitochondrial fusion, thus coupling mitochondrial energe
290 ian cells were corrected upon restoration of mitochondrial fusion, unlike the irreversible defects fo
292 ix-targeted photoactivatable GFP showed that mitochondrial fusion was not inhibited in patient fibrob
294 expression, which plays an essential role in mitochondrial fusion, was observed in TDP-43PrP mice.
295 e mitofusins Mfn1 and Mfn2 are essential for mitochondrial fusion, we deleted these genes from a subs
296 ial step toward determining the mechanism of mitochondrial fusion, we have captured this event in vit
298 e that mitofusins and OPA1 are essential for mitochondrial fusion, whereas Fis1 and Drp1 are essentia
299 eneration via enhancing mitofusin-associated mitochondrial fusion, which provides new insights into t
300 By contrast, depletion of Opa1 suppressed mitochondrial fusion while sparing transport, and did no
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