ライフサイエンスコーパス: mixed infection

1 rogeneity) and reinfection (which results in mixed infections).

2 .3% of the strains had more than one G type (mixed infections).

3 f pandemic H1N1/2009, strongly suggestive of mixed infection.

4 ification of bone loss in the non-capsulated mixed infection.

5 North America, at least 11% of patients had mixed infection.

6 (16%) specimens as short RNA patterns, and 1 mixed infection.

7 the combination of serotypes present during mixed infection.

8 same strain or with a different strain, and mixed infection.

9 the drug-susceptible strain in patients with mixed infection.

10 ibuted 10 cases to reinfection and 1 case to mixed infection.

11 r new mutation, were found after 2 months of mixed infection.

12 ism that might be operative in a scenario of mixed infection.

13 cific killing of bystander bacteria during a mixed infection.

14 amydia trachomatis serovars and detection of mixed infection.

15 ely outcompeted by the wild-type strain in a mixed infection.

16 identification of serial isolates in murine mixed infection.

17 wer in male-only worm infection than that of mixed infection.

18 nt is less competitive than the wild type in mixed infection.

19 gocytosis, compared with that of heat-killed mixed infection.

20 t of bacterial viability on the virulence of mixed infection.

21 tosis of P. gingivalis was reduced following mixed infection.

22 ctor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels induced by the mixed infection.

23 numbers of AZ(2) than those of SP(6) in the mixed infection.

24 d against one another in vivo in a series of mixed infections.

25 technique can quantify uncommon variants in mixed infections.

26 tory strategies to aid in the recognition of mixed infections.

27 nct strains, are well suited to detection of mixed infections.

28 out-competed the tir tyrosine mutants during mixed infections.

29 colonization of BALB/c-ByJ mice in single or mixed infections.

30 or more derepressed mutants may occur during mixed infections.

31 tional 40 viral infections, of which 11 were mixed infections.

32 arum infections, and 4% were predicted to be mixed infections.

33 , we demonstrate several dramatic effects of mixed infections.

34 exhibits the essential patterns of long-term mixed infections.

35 t commensals and pathogens in sequential and mixed infections.

36 No cheetahs had mixed infections.

37 there is competition between viruses during mixed infections.

38 We also looked for evidence of mixed infections.

39 ciently compete with the wild-type strain in mixed infections.

40 s and is outcompeted by wild-type strains in mixed infections.

41 lity to compete with the wild-type strain in mixed infections.

42 ffers an exceptional advantage for detecting mixed infections.

43 y associated with diarrhoea in children with mixed infections.

44 es identification and higher sensitivity for mixed infections.

45 to these lineages and 12 (1.4%) represented mixed infections.

46 ections, but different between the clones in mixed infections.

47 y explain why F. nucleatum is often found in mixed infections.

48 Two patients (4%) had mixed infection (1 + 3, 1 + 4).

49 nding risks were 5.4 (95% CI, 5.02-5.80) for mixed infections, 3.73 (95% CI, 3.51-3.97) for Plasmodiu

50 flanking genetic markers from the progeny of mixed infections, a novel selective advantage imparted b

51 enetic markers predominate in the progeny of mixed infections, a phenomenon termed marker exclusion.

52 -only infections, (2) gram-positive-only and mixed infections-adequate GNC, and (3) gram-negative-onl

53 There was no evidence of mixed infections among those classified as reinfections.

54 netic and phenotypic diversity, both through mixed infection and de novo mutation.

55 n our inability to exclude the occurrence of mixed infection and template switching during amplificat

56 o attenuation of bone loss in the capsulated mixed infection and to intensification of bone loss in t

57 Ten samples (28.6%) exhibited a mixed infection and were positive for both Haemophilus a

58 Mixed infections and 'unknown' organisms may be importan

59 ing our understanding of the pathogenesis of mixed infections and in identifying ways to use this bet

60 ram-negative-only infections (n = 9) or with mixed infections and inadequate GNC (n = 4) and all had

61 SP1(33) genotype infection was 3D7, with few mixed infections and no sole FVO infections.

62 Interactions of retroviruses in mixed infections and their effects on disease induction

63 induced by a P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum mixed infection, and also on the local host response usi

64 btypes coinfect the same cells, generating a mixed infection, and then reassort.

65 nt) were due to P. ovale, 3 (3 percent) were mixed infections, and 2 (2 percent) were due to unidenti

66 method identified four previously undetected mixed infections, and a previously undetected transmissi

67 ntly in children, mostly in association with mixed infections, and are recovered mixed with mouth and

68 rgence through local evolution, host shifts, mixed infections, and global spread.

69 tibility and relative fitness in settings of mixed infections, and raise important considerations abo

70 Mixed infections appear to be rare in our setting and ar

71 In hyperendemic settings where mixed infections are common, the Xpert results might nee

72 Mixed infections are infrequently reported, potentially

73 Mixed infections are the rule rather than the exception

74 Moreover, mixed infections are underestimated by routine microscop

75 This study aimed to describe reinfection and mixed infection as underlying mechanisms of changing dru

76 selection resulting from reassortment during mixed infections, better regulation of gene expression,

77 In mixed infection, both IL-1beta and IL-10 levels were aug

78 ial neoplasia was found more frequently with mixed infection by moderate-risk human papillomavirus ty

79 Samples were screened for mixed infections by denaturant gel gradient electrophore

80 Four samples diagnosed as mixed infections by microscopy and single infection by t

81 We propose that these types of mixed infections, by increasing the ability of low fitne

82 These results demonstrate that mixed infections can be detected without additional sequ

83 comparison to the single-species infection, mixed infection caused significantly increased inflammat

84 B. pertussis heme system was assessed using mixed infection competition experiments in a mouse model

85 Previous mixed infection competition studies established the impo

86 In this study, using mixed-infection competition experiments in a mouse respi

87 rotavirus strains and the high prevalence of mixed infections confirm trends reported earlier and hel

88 Mixed infections containing Fn and non-capsulated or cap

89 ammation and dilatation resulting from these mixed infections correlated directly with the amount of

90 a has used a PCR approach and suggested that mixed infection could be common.

91 The lower response to live mixed infection could stem from a mechanism enabling the

92 0 (53.4%) had cellulitis, and 82 (15.6%) had mixed infection, defined as at least one abscess lesion

93 The mixed infections dramatically altered the behavior of th

94 luble PT produced by the wild-type strain in mixed infections enhanced respiratory tract colonization

95 vels than those with a pure gram-positive or mixed infection, especially in the late shock group (142

96 of our algorithm with in silico and in vitro mixed infection experiments, and apply it to transmissio

97 hanisms underlying these late-phase effects, mixed-infection experiments with mutant and wild-type vi

98 In mixed-infection experiments, the DeltaCYA strain was sig

99 During mixed-infection experiments, the S. typhimurium invA lpf

100 Interactions among the retroviruses of this mixed infection facilitate disease induction.

101 In the latter mixed infection, Fn evaded phagocytosis, whereas in the

102 The relevance of mixed infections for the patient, clinician, and control

103 tes collected in a population to distinguish mixed infections from clonal heterogeneity.

104 ss-reactivity; the inability to discriminate mixed infections from nonspecific cross-reactivity is on

105 rial sequence data, direct reconstruction of mixed infection haplotypes from current short-read seque

106 olation of bacteria in pure bacterial and/or mixed infection; however, their role in isolating fungus

107 n analysis in 9 of the 11 cases demonstrated mixed infection in 5 cases, reinfection in 3 cases, and

108 tum, response to treatment, and detection of mixed infection in clinical specimens.

109 heterodiploids over wild-type cells during a mixed infection in the mouse abscess model.

110 the FilmArray and Luminex panels identified mixed infections in 21.1% and 13.0% of positive prospect

111 1 in other mammals and the low frequency of mixed infections in humans is the inability of type 1 to

112 ever, it is limited in its ability to detect mixed infections in multiplex assay platforms without th

113 We investigated mixed infections in northern Malawi using two lineage-sp

114 resistant C. trachomatis that originated in mixed infections in our experiments and demonstrate gene

115 influenza patients we reveal a high level of mixed infection, including diverse lineages of the same

116 However, undetected mixed infections-infection with >/=2 unrelated strains o

117 is OG1RF and TX5179 strains were tested in a mixed-infection (inoculum, approximately 1:1) mouse urin

118 the pathogenic bacteria are often not known, mixed infections involving both Gram-negative and Gram-p

119 Analysis of mixed infections involving single and double mutant stra

120 Most malaria-endemic regions feature mixed infections involving two or more of these species.

121 The inflammatory response to live mixed infection is attenuated with reduced phagocytosis,

122 In cases where mixed infection is confirmed, the dominant and minor hap

123 hod to distinguish clonal heterogeneity from mixed infections is based on a rather simple rule.

124 A priori, the outcome of mixed infections is hard to predict.

125 tion of each serotype to pathogenesis during mixed infections is not known.

126 Despite this, mixed infections lead to pseudotyping, the association o

127 hat, in some patients with MDR tuberculosis, mixed infection may be responsible for observations attr

128 ize direct clinical samples and can identify mixed infections may contribute significantly to studies

129 ocandin-resistant C. albicans in competitive mixed infection models.

130 = 27.3%, 2a = 7.4%, 2b = 8.3%, 3a = 14%, and mixed infection (more than one subtype) = 3.3%.

131 After enrollment, mixed infections (multiplicity of infection, >1) were on

132 In mixed infections mutant ICP0 is stable, whereas the wild

133 After removing mixed infections (n = 17), 83% of H. pylori strains had

134 robiological analyses, it was found that, in mixed infection, NF1 selectively disseminated to mouse p

135 In mixed infection, none of the cases required liquid media

136 ability to compete with wild-type virus in a mixed infection of 3-day-old ducklings.

137 ion-specific retinal ganglion cells, because mixed infection of a gE deletion mutant and a gI deletio

138 Mixed infection of a gE deletion mutant and a gI deletio

139 trains of Helicobacter pylori during natural mixed infection of a patient in Lithuania.

140 pose that the recombinant virus arose during mixed infection of a single individual in northern China

141 Mixed infection of LLC-PK1 cells with wt RPV and wt CPV

142 r a strain that made only the Tf receptor in mixed infection of male volunteers.

143 CM was developed to identify both single and mixed infection of P. falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.

144 However, a mixed infection of TYLCV with cucumber mosaic virus comp

145 From animals with a mixed infection of viruses that were resistant and sensi

146 We validated this prediction using mixed infections of a wild-type Trpv1 expression vector

147 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), or mixed infections of CoNS and MRSA, CoNS and MSSA, or non

148 les were probably derived from patients with mixed infections of Enterocytozoon bieneusi and E. intes

149 ave investigated protective immunity against mixed infections of genetically distinct cloned "strains

150 The occurrence of mixed infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is no lon

151 l mixing of individuals and the incidence of mixed infections of N. gonorrhoeae.

152 We show that in mixed infections of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa

153 sortment of BTV gene segments during natural mixed infections of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.

154 a sufficient frequency in vivo to result in mixed infections on the mucosal surface of human hosts,

155 ble cause of deleterious immune responses to mixed infection or immunization and call for a greater u

156 re a consequence of species diversity due to mixed infections or minor contaminants as measured by UB

157 infections caused by single strains than in mixed infections (P < 0.05), whereas serotype G1 strains

158 Mixed infections (P. falciparum and P. vivax) were ident

159 aded phagocytosis, whereas in the capsulated mixed infection Pg displayed a greater capacity for inva

160 ations based on quantification, including in mixed infections, providing rich and unprecedented measu

161 phagocytosis pattern of F. nucleatum in the mixed infection remained similar to that upon monoinfect

162 malariae/Plasmodium knowlesi infection, and mixed infection, respectively.

163 2 during coinfection, 3D spatial analysis of mixed infections revealed that DspB is required for Aa t

164 In contrast, mixed infections showed a significantly reduced in vitro

165 When the two variants were combined in a mixed infection, SP6 outcompeted AZ2 in the lower genita

166 otein synthesis in the Us9 null mutants, and mixed-infection studies of rats, we conclude that the re

167 serotype G1 strains were found more often in mixed infections than in infections caused by single str

168 ore total viruses either alone or as part of mixed infections than the xTAG RVP, as well as an additi

169 Peri-implantitis represents a heterogeneous mixed infection that includes periodontopathic microorga

170 ositive and gram-negative pathogens or both (mixed infections), the adequacy of gram-negative coverag

171 In mixed infection, the capsule also participates in coaggr

172 in competition with wild-type Yersinia in a mixed infection, the yopJ mutant strain is deficient for

173 In mixed infections, the competitive advantage of a yopM(+)

174 Similar to in vivo mixed infections, the polytropic MuLV genome was extensi

175 void suppression by more virulent species in mixed infections, thereby increasing transmission opport

176 cultured M. tuberculosis isolates and found mixed infections to be rare.

177 In mixed infections transcripts for both types were detecte

178 From MHV-A59/MHV-JHM mixed infection, variant viruses (MHV-H1 and MHV-H2) whi

179 In mixed infections, virus synergism is proposed to result

180 Prevalence of mixed infection was assessed by random amplified polymor

181 Mixed infection was detected in 3.7% of specimens, and 4

182 A higher proportion of mixed infection was found when biopsies were used.

183 Synergy in the mixed infections was defined as a statistically signific

184 Moreover, in mixed infections we predict there to be an interaction b

185 Six cases of relapse and six cases of mixed infection were classified differently by whole-gen

186 Multiple species suggesting mixed infection were isolated from 27 cultures.

187 Progeny virions recovered from mixed infection were passaged in the presence and absenc

188 r likely transmission events associated with mixed infection were selected.

189 six recognized species were identified, and mixed infections were commonly found in this group of pa

190 In addition, mixed infections were detected in three subjects, with c

191 To date, the analyses of plant virus mixed infections were limited to reports of emerging sym

192 Four samples with mixed infections were misdiagnosed by microscopy as sing

193 thermore, some discrepancies in detection of mixed infections were observed and were addressed by rev

194 Mixed infections were present but gave mixed nodules les

195 consisting of different malaria species and mixed infections were used to test the utility of the no

196 ublineages, as well as distinct strains from mixed infections, were differentially distributed throug

197 ad protective effects against LT(+) ETEC and mixed infections when using a toxin-based enteric vaccin

198 llows reassortment of genome segments during mixed infections, which is the major distinguishing feat

199 The frequency of mixed infection with both genotypes in humans is relativ

200 cription of bovine group B rotaviruses (in a mixed infection with bovine coronavirus or singly in fec

201 Mixed infection with capsulated Pg augmented alveolar bo

202 d and were found to be capable of persistent mixed infection with certain H. pylori strains.

203 ts diversification of a founding strain or a mixed infection with distinct strain populations is not

204 Mixed infection with epidermodysplasia verruciformis, cu

205 und to serve as a unique virulence factor in mixed infection with Fn.

206 esponsible for the severity of disease after mixed infection with Fn.

207 apsule as a virulence factor in coaggregated mixed infection with Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn).

208 1.2 %), genotype A in 55 samples (7.7 %) and mixed infection with genotypes A and D in 124 samples (1

209 and passage of both types was achieved as a mixed infection with HPV-40 predominating.

210 Determining the nature and frequency of mixed infection with influenza virus is therefore centra

211 urprisingly, there was no evidence that in a mixed infection with its parent, the ompU-defective stra

212 ted alveolar bone loss compared with that of mixed infection with non-capsulated Pg.

213 yzable material [NDM]) on the virulence of a mixed infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusoba

214 se is an important factor in the dynamics of mixed infection with strains that display different path

215 ate the virB mutant from the spleen during a mixed infection with the B. abortus wild type.

216 ial cells and inhibited IP-10 secretion in a mixed infection with the otherwise stimulatory Fusobacte

217 uction in a murine abscess model elicited by mixed infection with the periodontopathogens Fusobacteri

218 This study is the first to report a mixed infection with the same ST.

219 oreover, in a murine model of periodontitis, mixed infection with the two species induces synergistic

220 We have previously shown that mixed infection with two avirulent HSV-1 strains (OD4 an

221 days apart as the same CDI, 7% of cases had mixed infections with >1 genotype.

222 survives (3D7), the coinfection resulted in mixed infections with both live and encapsulated parasit

223 tal), while uncommon types represented 5.7%, mixed infections with common types represented 14.8%, an

224 Using mixed infections with green fluorescent protein (GFP) an

225 C, and (3) gram-negative-only infections and mixed infections with inadequate GNC.

226 gle tests and was shown to be able to detect mixed infections with no loss in sensitivity.

227 s associating respiratory tract biofilms and mixed infections with pneumococcal serotypes of lower vi

228 Mixed infections with seasonal influenza A virus strains

229 2 are partially excluded from the progeny of mixed infections with the related phage T4 (general, or

230 ation of the bladder or kidneys in single or mixed infections with the wild type and CP9Delta hlyA(1)

231 ther isolates, suggesting the possibility of mixed infections with two divergent isolates.

232 Analysis of mixed infections with two WSMV isolates suggests that ab

233 f experimental periodontitis compared with a mixed infection without NDM treatment.

234 mputationally efficient method for detecting mixed infection without the need for resource-intensive