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   1 approximately 600% increase in shear storage modulus).                                               
     2 ticles on the basis of their size, shape, or modulus.                                                
     3 chanical integrity, as characterized by bulk modulus.                                                
     4 ed by a discontinuousness of isothermal bulk modulus.                                                
     5 hly viscoelastic film with a high dilational modulus.                                                
     6 cko adhesion is shown to depend on substrate modulus.                                                
     7 t colloidal membranes have positive Gaussian modulus.                                                
     8 m 0.85 per cent to 1.2 per cent of the shear modulus.                                                
     9 l ligands, with no impact on the gel's shear modulus.                                                
    10  and a decrease in cross-linking and elastic modulus.                                                
    11 surement can be used to quantify the elastic modulus.                                                
    12 lindrical radius" independent of the Young's modulus.                                                
    13 chanical response including negative elastic modulus.                                                
    14 y-dependent enhancement of the complex shear modulus.                                                
    15 h as surface eigenstress and surface elastic modulus.                                                
    16  to UiO-67, characterized by a large elastic modulus.                                                
    17  alterations in the endothelial cell elastic modulus.                                                
    18 e, clot formation kinetics and maximum shear modulus.                                                
    19 ameter and 13 orders of magnitude in elastic modulus.                                                
    20  a reduction in collagen and mineral elastic modulus.                                                
    21 e stress depends on the strain via a surface modulus.                                                
    22 ement with the experimentally measured shear modulus.                                                
    23 pendence on surface strain through a surface modulus.                                                
    24 e increase of the material's bend over splay modulus.                                                
    25  make the dominant contribution to the shear modulus.                                                
    26 relationship between the density and Young's modulus.                                                
    27 strated reduced tensile strength and Young's Modulus.                                                
  
  
  
    31  high tensile strength (826 MPa) and Young's modulus (65.7 GPa) owing to the large length and the ali
  
    33 re rim and the apparent area compressibility modulus, an intrinsic elastic modulus modulated by the s
  
  
    36 terials can have a marked asymmetric elastic modulus and coefficient of thermal expansion that are in
    37 and simulations to measure the shear elastic modulus and count the numbers of topological "loop" defe
    38 nd a dose-dependent increase in cell elastic modulus and decrease in cell fluidity with increasing la
  
    40 d to PVA/CNTs, the tensile strength, Young's modulus and electrical conductivity of the PVA/GNR compo
    41  it possible to tailor the network's elastic modulus and extensibility without the complications asso
    42 ble to identify rapid changes in the bending modulus and fluidity of vesicle lipid bilayers on the mi
  
    44 n dioxide arch microstructure exhibits Young modulus and fracture strength of 52 GPa and 300 MPa, res
    45 ty increased while tensile strength, Young's modulus and glass transition temperature decreased, when
  
  
  
  
  
    51 based on the thermo-elastic properties (bulk modulus and its derivatives, mean atomic volume and ther
  
    53  gel strength, including the average storage modulus and oscillation yield stress, displayed a negati
  
    55 twork mesh size, which increases the elastic modulus and robustness, but critically inhibits cell spr
    56   Psl was shown to elevate the layer's shear modulus and shear viscosity but had no effect on the EPS
    57 ignificantly increases the effective elastic modulus and strength at exceptionally low volume fractio
    58 aling process (ITAP) is used to increase the modulus and strength of twist-spun carbon nanotube yarns
    59 ombination of high tensile strength, Young's modulus and structural flexibility which arise due to it
  
    61 ndicates that the exceptionally high Young's modulus and surface conformity of 2D capping layers such
  
    63  force profiles collected to measure Young's modulus and surface tension can also provide both qualit
    64 osited individual sucrose particles, Young's modulus and surface tension can be quantified as a funct
  
    66 agonal arrays, revealing how the bundle bulk modulus and the deflection length of filaments in the bu
    67 n energy and the determination of the Thiele modulus and the effectiveness factor are good indicators
    68 ity of such materials increased as the shear modulus and the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter betw
    69 the possibility to evaluate both the elastic modulus and the tensile strength with a single mechanica
  
  
    72 f tubule formation, the area compressibility modulus and, as such, the bending rigidity of the membra
    73 ility, 0.99 (95% CI: 0.90, 1.09) for Young's modulus, and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.74, 1.10) for aortic disten
    74 h the glycosaminoglycan content, equilibrium modulus, and coefficient of friction, which are key indi
    75 shear stiffness, storage modulus, shear loss modulus, and damping ratio were calculated for all anima
  
    77 c surface area, local densities, indentation modulus, and hardness of the material, providing quantit
  
    79 ine the actomyosin cortical tension, elastic modulus, and intracellular pressure of nonadherent cells
    80 es such as remarkable unit tensile strength, modulus, and resistance to heat, flame, and chemical age
    81 n, system size, pressure, shear stress, bulk modulus, and shear modulus are all related to each other
  
    83  exhibit an unprecedented combination of low modulus ( approximately 100 Pa), high strain at break ( 
    84 ssure, shear stress, bulk modulus, and shear modulus are all related to each other via scaling relati
    85   Surfactant adsorption and the dilatational modulus are also strongly influenced by the changes in m
    86 rms of the temperature derivative of Young's modulus are derived and compared with experimental data 
  
  
    89 ; carotid distensibility and Young's elastic modulus at the carotid artery, derived from carotid arte
  
  
    92 roscopic properties: the minimum in the bulk modulus becomes more pronounced, the step-like increase 
    93  class of synthetic materials with a Young's modulus below 100 kPa conforming to biological applicati
    94 MD on a small RBC patch to compute the shear modulus, bending stiffness, and network parameters, whic
    95 (beta = 0.6, P < .001, R(2) = 0.33 for shear modulus; beta = 0.6, P < .001, R(2) = 0.32 for elasticit
    96 no significant difference in the CHL elastic modulus between the dominant and nondominant shoulders. 
    97 the storage modulus was higher than the loss modulus, but a crossover between these moduli occurred i
    98 the beads to  1.3g/cm(3) and the compressive modulus by two orders of magnitude, they remain easily s
    99 00) direction and a softening of the elastic modulus C44 that triggers a rhombohedral lattice distort
  
   101 including adhesion, deformation, and Young's modulus can be simultaneously mapped along with surface 
  
   103 ssure and temperature, show that it has bulk modulus comparable to crystalline diamond and that it ca
  
  
  
  
   108 e correspondence between toughness and shear modulus continuous over a broad range of inherent states
   109 ght paxillin as a core molecule in substrate modulus-controlled morphogenesis and define a mechanism 
   110     The reduction of the theoretical elastic modulus correlated with the preoperative SI index (rho =
  
   112 ependently of the hydrogel's initial elastic modulus, degradation, and cell-adhesion-ligand density. 
   113 ell tubular elements, resulting in favorable modulus-density scaling (n   1.1), enhanced energy dissi
  
   115 mbled superlattices have the highest elastic modulus, despite containing significant structural defec
  
   117  +/-0.50 D of SE and the theoretical elastic modulus did not present a significant difference between
   118 nounced, the step-like increase of the shear modulus diminishes and the Poisson's ratio becomes negat
  
   120 , we estimate population averages of elastic modulus E and fluidity beta (the power-law exponent of t
   121 p-SAM adhesion force (F), and sample elastic modulus (E), we find that the tip-SAM contact area is ap
  
  
   124 s for systems that can offer exceptional low modulus, elastic mechanics, in compact geometries, with 
  
   126 cent non-linear formulations based on Pugh's modulus extending into the superhard region (HV > 40 GPa
   127 ignificant systematic effect on single-fiber modulus, extensibility, or stress relaxation times.     
   128      The flexural strength (FS) and flexural modulus (FM) were not significantly different (P > 0.05)
   129 neity of the analyzed microrods, their Young modulus follows a broad distribution from 1.9 MPa to 59 
   130 es rise to a temperature independent elastic modulus for ceramic and single crystalline superconducto
   131 report on non-contact measurement of elastic modulus for dynamic and quantitative assessment of whole
   132 d to determine the bending rigidity and tilt modulus, for lipidic assemblies of arbitrary lipid compo
   133 , decreased strength (from 10 to <2 MPa) and modulus (from 93 to <10 MPa), increased water vapor perm
   134 e model of TSM resonators, the complex shear modulus (G' + jG'') and the average thickness (hPL) of t
  
   136  modulus (G') were higher than those of loss modulus (G'') with loss tangent between 0.1 and 1.0 with
   137 onsistency index of flow curves, and storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G'') during dynamic oscil
   138 iosomal suspension resulted in lower elastic modulus (G') of the subsequently formed gel compared wit
  
   140 he classic linear relationship between shear modulus (G) and Vickers hardness (HV), along with more r
  
  
   143 thermomechanical behavior (including rubbery modulus, glass transition temperature and failure strain
  
   145 nding membranes with remarkably high elastic modulus (>10 GPa) have been fabricated through the self-
  
   147 erties [bulk (B), shear (G), and Young's (E) modulus] have been computed using density functional the
   148 lgorithm for the characterisation of Young's modulus, (iii) a quantification of the effects of optica
   149 tion allows this method to measure the shear modulus in a deeper specimen which extends the elasticit
   150  in assessing the relative change in elastic modulus in colorectal adenocarcinoma xenograft models in
  
  
   153  strongly temperature-dependent: the storage modulus increases by five orders of magnitude on heating
  
   155 a positive trend versus time for the Young's modulus, indicating that aged silks are stiffer and poss
   156  element cell walls have a lower indentation modulus (indicative of higher elasticity) than companion
   157 tem captures the expected changes in elastic modulus induced in 3T3 fibroblasts and tumor initiating 
   158 n results show that the longitudinal elastic modulus initially increased to a maximum value at about 
  
   160 brane and show that reduction in the bending modulus is directly correlated with parasite invasion ef
  
  
   163 monolayer 2D capping layer with high Young's modulus is shown to be able to effectively suppress the 
   164 egime, the temperature dependence of Young's modulus is solely determined by the magnetic properties 
  
   166 s show that the best lattice parameter (bulk modulus) is obtained using a larger value of alpha param
   167 ed to a decrease in the area compressibility modulus KA We propose that the insertion of the ENTH hel
   168 e similar to soft biological tissue (Young's modulus < 100 kPa), and the capability to undergo extrem
   169 rmance of a prototype XPL that has a tensile modulus matching normal skin responses at low strain (<4
  
  
   172 rocytes (OL) on matrices of variable elastic modulus, mimicking either their native environment or co
   173 acture mode is developed, showing a critical modulus mismatch (CMM), below which ring cracking domina
   174 ompressibility modulus, an intrinsic elastic modulus modulated by the surface excess stored in membra
   175 how that gelatin-mTG substrates with Young's modulus near that of healthy glomeruli elicit a pro-diff
  
   177 osity, the nanolattice film has demonstrated modulus of 1.19 GPa and specific energy dissipation of 3
   178 cal properties of natural silks, including a modulus of 11 +/- 4 GPa, even higher than natural spider
   179 ter-thick porous carbon films with a Young's modulus of 14.5 gigapascals, with the possibility of fur
  
  
  
  
  
   185  shape change, and the temperature-dependent modulus of a shape memory polymer to regulate the time o
   186 ces into fibrils perhaps reduces the Young's modulus of an individual triple helix, which results in 
   187 c neutron scattering, we isolate the bending modulus of approximately 13 nm diameter domains residing
  
   189 g 3-20 vol % Au are found to have an elastic modulus of approximately 6-19 GPa, and hardness of appro
   190 gh pressures (up to 40.6 GPa) yielded a bulk modulus of B0 = 306(6) GPa and its pressure derivative B
  
   192  osmotic potential (pio ), and cellular bulk modulus of elasticity (epsilon), all traits mechanistica
  
  
  
   196 nforcement improved the tensile strength and modulus of films when added at up to 6 wt%, while the fu
  
   198 es of this procedure to evaluate the Young's modulus of highly stiff materials with greater accuracy 
  
  
   201     Using OCT-based indentation, the elastic modulus of mouse diaphragm was measured from changes in 
  
  
   204 lic 1T phase of MoS2 nanosheets, the elastic modulus of restacked MoS2 layers (2 to 4 gigapascals) an
   205 iable determination of the elastic (Young's) modulus of soft samples, including living cells, by atom
  
   207  first measurement of the changes in Young's modulus of T-cells during their activation, showing that
   208 art be explained by an increase in the shear modulus of the (4)He solid identified by Day and Beamish
   209 of 0-48 atom % W are superhard, and the bulk modulus of the 48 atom % solid solution is nearly identi
  
   211 ly simulates the median value of the Young's modulus of the axon plasma membrane determined by atomic
   212 cle revealed an abrupt change in the bending modulus of the bilayer which could be associated with th
   213 owder was also found to increase the Young's modulus of the bio-elastomers without compromising their
   214 atio boosts the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the buckypaper/Parmax composite to 1145 MPa a
   215 tional sampling simulations that the Young's modulus of the buried core of the fibril is of the same 
   216 ncy of the brush model to derive the elastic modulus of the cell body has been demonstrated, the mode
  
  
   219     The average tensile strength and Young's modulus of the CNTs investigated in this study are measu
  
   221 er nanoconfinement significantly reduces the modulus of the conjugated polymer and largely delays the
  
  
  
   225 sts demonstrated that the water capacity and modulus of the hydrogels were dependent upon the composi
  
  
   228 el, by changing the geometry and the Young's modulus of the microchannel, enhances the sensitivity of
   229 ted chemically-crosslinked gels, the elastic modulus of the physical cryogels was found to increase w
  
   231 tic property of the clots increase the shear modulus of the sample, altering the propagating velocity
  
  
  
  
  
  
   238 luence of macroscale and nanoscale substrate modulus on whole animal adhesion on two different substr
  
   240 r alloy, FeNiCr, which has invariant elastic modulus over a wide temperature range, was discovered al
   241 s transport limitations, we employed Weisz's modulus (Phi), which compares observed enzyme-catalyzed 
   242 sharp contrast to the architecture-dependent modulus power-law of the existing engineering materials;
  
  
  
   246 m 5.1 m to 129 m, corresponding to a bending modulus ranging from 2.2 to 54 (x[Formula: see text] Jm)
   247 ignificantly higher when measuring the shear modulus rather than the apparent diffusion coefficient (
   248 TA of 14.42% generated a theoretical elastic modulus reduction of 10.25% in the asymmetrical group vs
  
   250 23 wt% perfluoropolyether exhibits low shear modulus relative to neat glass electrolytes, ionic condu
   251 gor, turgor loss point, capacitance, elastic modulus, relative water content and saturated water cont
   252 nnaise was more viscous, had greater storage modulus, resisted thinning, and was a more stable emulsi
   253 der-of-magnitude reduction in the material's modulus results in up to a nine-orders-of-magnitude incr
  
   255  was performed, and shear stiffness, storage modulus, shear loss modulus, and damping ratio were calc
  
   257 l information (i.e., time to gelation, final modulus, shrinkage force) can be derived from a parallel
  
  
   260 romise to be used as reinforcement in a high modulus/strength composite material, it exhibits quite d
   261  crystalline structures had a higher elastic modulus than the amorphous formulations (8-12GPa compare
   262 NT provides predictions of the shear elastic modulus that are consistent with experimental observatio
   263 crometre voids, and shows an average Young's modulus that is 2-3 orders of magnitude smaller than tha
   264 sign and magnitude of the Gaussian curvature modulus that is in agreement with experimental measureme
   265 n was sensitive to changes in PA gel elastic modulus that produced striking differences in cell morph
   266 structure, degradation, swelling and elastic modulus) that enhanced viability, spreading and prolifer
  
  
  
   270 ss relaxation tests, the ratio of relaxation modulus to instantaneous modulus was significantly small
   271 els provides a single parameter, the Young's modulus, to describe the elastic properties of cells.   
  
  
   274 hydrogel samples with a well-defined elastic modulus using different AFMs revealed that the uncertain
   275 we demonstrate volumetric imaging of Young's modulus using ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence ela
   276 ssues are associated with a range of Young's modulus values for bulk rigidity, at the subcellular lev
   277  vitro expanded COC matrices yielded Young's modulus values of 0.5 +/- 0.1 Pa and 1.6 +/- 0.3 Pa, res
  
  
   280 ents of the carotid artery wall, and Young's modulus was 2-fold greater in shams at 1 week post ligat
  
   282  angle of external rotation, the CHL elastic modulus was greater in the symptomatic shoulder than in 
   283 n the linear viscoelastic region the storage modulus was higher than the loss modulus, but a crossove
  
   285  scanning probe microscopy, collagen elastic modulus was lower in cecal ligation and puncture-exposed
  
  
  
   289 ratio of relaxation modulus to instantaneous modulus was significantly smaller with CTGF/TGFbeta3-mic
  
   291 proteases decreases the area compressibility modulus, whereas fixation and cross-linking of proteins 
   292 teral diffusion and a higher compressibility modulus, which agrees well with available experiments.  
   293 ormality led to slight reduction in apparent modulus, which could be attributed to differential down-
   294 er that can quantitatively predict the shear modulus, which is at the heart of many key properties of
  
  
   297  theory is the unusual softening of the bulk modulus with increasing temperature, a result that is co
  
  
  
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