ライフサイエンスコーパス: molecular evolution

1 erogeneous viruses and rapid GII.4 norovirus molecular evolution.

2 bit highly variable and often rapid rates of molecular evolution.

3 l populations has occupied a central role in molecular evolution.

4 , genotype 4 (GII.4) norovirus immune-driven molecular evolution.

5 f sequence evolution is a central subject of molecular evolution.

6 cots, illustrating a striking parallelism in molecular evolution.

7 can exert a strong influence on pathways of molecular evolution.

8 interference alters the expected patterns of molecular evolution.

9 rther analyses indicate specific patterns of molecular evolution.

10 action of cavitational phenomena determines molecular evolution.

11 them an interesting model for understanding molecular evolution.

12 ombination's causal influence on the rate of molecular evolution.

13 re roughly equivalent from the standpoint of molecular evolution.

14 bee genome and also experience high rates of molecular evolution.

15 nts of mutations is a long-standing issue in molecular evolution.

16 up of these pathogens and insight into their molecular evolution.

17 ly consistent with a nearly neutral model of molecular evolution.

18 d the importance of genetic drift in shaping molecular evolution.

19 axed before abandoning the neutral theory of molecular evolution.

20 tive selection using site-specific models of molecular evolution.

21 he early Earth could have fostered prebiotic molecular evolution.

22 n problems and address novel questions about molecular evolution.

23 cyclase receptors, implying a combinatorial molecular evolution.

24 uch selection imposes a global constraint on molecular evolution.

25 dynamic and unstable regions prone to rapid molecular evolution.

26 h as cancer and are also the raw material of molecular evolution.

27 w being made between symbiotic lifestyle and molecular evolution.

28 diction, comparative genomics and studies of molecular evolution.

29 neous mutation are fundamental parameters of molecular evolution.

30 nisms forms the core of current knowledge of molecular evolution.

31 r genetic variability; the neutral theory of molecular evolution.

32 bstitution rate matrix is a key parameter of molecular evolution.

33 ason to pursue SMTP discovery with synthetic molecular evolution.

34 in, is one of the best described patterns in molecular evolution.

35 types, such as protein tertiary structure on molecular evolution.

36 in viral replication, and constraints on its molecular evolution.

37 which represent protein domains conserved in molecular evolution.

38 ne cooption) is one of the key mechanisms of molecular evolution.

39 mic level is central to our understanding of molecular evolution.

40 existing genes are fundamental processes in molecular evolution.

41 derstanding the determinants and dynamics of molecular evolution.

42 smaller species tend to have faster rates of molecular evolution.

43 t a unique opportunity for detailed study of molecular evolution.

44 l genomic data with a probabilistic model of molecular evolution.

45 hod that has revealed many key mechanisms of molecular evolution.

46 able signature in the genomes, shaping their molecular evolution.

47 r deep understanding into snakes' history of molecular evolution.

48 sed to investigate fundamental principles of molecular evolution.

49 fidelity but also provides new insights into molecular evolution.

50 supporting a current hypothesis for adaptive molecular evolution.

51 olution continue to be a central question in molecular evolution.

52 trand in genetic information transfer during molecular evolution.

53 tion and genetic information transfer during molecular evolution.

54 te energetics and structural specificity for molecular evolution.

55 actions have been shown to increase rates of molecular evolution, a trend generally attributed to the

56 st reproduction strongly influences rates of molecular evolution across mitochondrial and nuclear sit

57 e provide evidence of constrained convergent molecular evolution across the metazoan tree of life.

58 We examined patterns of molecular evolution across three independent origins of

59 ulation of multiple sequence alignments, and molecular evolution algorithms.

60 Phylogenetic models are an important tool in molecular evolution allowing us to study the pattern and

61 Hence, we argue for a molecular evolution alongside a clinical and phenotypic

62 Molecular evolution analyses did not detect significant

63 Molecular evolution analyses indicate that the H2 haplot

64 econstruction and with codeml and baseml for molecular evolution analyses.

65 Molecular evolution analysis is a general approach that

66 We thus propose the use of molecular evolution analysis to aid in the determination

67 Many approaches for inferring adaptive molecular evolution analyze the unfolded site frequency

68 protein domains is an important mechanism in molecular evolution and a valuable strategy for protein

69 We adapted methods from molecular evolution and applied them to 7,664 tumors acr

70 omenal array of bioscience fields, including molecular evolution and bioinformatics; genome-, proteom

71 r and proteomic techniques to understand the molecular evolution and diversity of Type III antifreeze

72 there is only a limited understanding of the molecular evolution and epidemiology of EV-D68 during th

73 Here, we focus on the molecular evolution and expression of the AGL6-like gene

74 lloids are remarkable for their slow rate of molecular evolution and for being the only extant plant

75 vely applied to the closely allied fields of molecular evolution and genetics.

76 ocus sequence type (ST) 8 to reconstruct the molecular evolution and global dissemination of ST8, inc

77 ic fibrosis and finds evidence of convergent molecular evolution and historical contingencies.

78 e-based advances in understanding Plasmodium molecular evolution and its relationship to disease mech

79 re not consistent with the neutral theory of molecular evolution and might be inappropriate for estim

80 collection of peer-reviewed publications in molecular evolution and phylogenetics that have reported

81 DENV-3 clinical isolates to characterize the molecular evolution and phylogeography throughout 10 yea

82 s importance in both basic research (such as molecular evolution and protein attribute prediction) an

83 We present a genome-wide analysis of molecular evolution and regulatory neofunctionalization

84 f Gluc variants was generated using directed molecular evolution and screened for relative light outp

85 Here, we combine molecular evolution and structural and functional analys

86 may play a major role in shaping patterns of molecular evolution and variation.

87 (EGFR) scFv antibody C10 was increased using molecular evolution and yeast display.

88 gical device for understanding the basics of molecular evolution and, more specifically, the adaptive

89 e ideal resources for comparative studies of molecular evolution, and advances in sequencing and comp

90 ic result is central to our understanding of molecular evolution, and it continues to influence phylo

91 these results in the context of the origin, molecular evolution, and possible fate of this remarkabl

92 mizygosity in females can impact patterns of molecular evolution, and we show that rates of evolution

93 ations to identify fundamental principles of molecular evolution; and atom-level, highly realistic co

94 We applied a neoteric molecular evolution approach to gain insight into the fu

95 We have used a forced molecular evolution approach to identify mutations confe

96 Powerful molecular evolution approaches have been developed to te

97 angiosperm clades demonstrate that rates of molecular evolution are consistently low in trees and sh

98 species are difficult because their rates of molecular evolution are exceptionally high.

99 We find that rates of molecular evolution are higher in the mutualists genome

100 The identification of parallel molecular evolution as a pathogen spreads among multiple

101 as successful in communicating the basics of molecular evolution as John Maynard Smith's protein spac

102 r lineage-specific heterogeneity in rates of molecular evolution (associated, for example, with evolu

103 ests rejected a neutral equilibrium model of molecular evolution at 10 of 50 loci.

104 Rigorous molecular evolution-based methods to infer evidence for

105 We uncovered rapid and extensive molecular evolution between reptiles (including birds) a

106 e, we present a case of extensive convergent molecular evolution between snake and agamid lizard mito

107 We focused on comparing patterns of molecular evolution between the Abpa genes expressed in

108 the study of protein stability, folding, and molecular evolution, but it remains unclear how these as

109 atic interactions play a fundamental role in molecular evolution, but little is known about the spati

110 onary relationships with events during early molecular evolution, but may promote understanding of th

111 story traits are correlated with the rate of molecular evolution, but previous studies have yielded c

112 and consequences of the observed patterns of molecular evolution by comparing species groups with dif

113 both exist, it is possible to infer steps in molecular evolution by direct experimental approaches.

114 tablishes a universal speed limit on rate of molecular evolution by predicting that populations go ex

115 y, chimpanzees also exhibit a slower rate of molecular evolution compared to gorillas and orangutans

116 These results indicate that molecular evolution could be used to modulate Gluc biolu

117 hales) in order to determine how patterns of molecular evolution differ between cytochrome b and the

118 This mode of molecular evolution disregards any conservation of the a

119 dy improves the current understanding of the molecular evolution, divergence, and gene expression of

120 is to join up with mainstream efforts in the molecular evolution domain, the continuum field descript

121 Documented cases of convergent molecular evolution due to selection are fairly unusual,

122 timating conditionally independent models of molecular evolution for different genes and different po

123 Rates of molecular evolution for each site were estimated to char

124 find that estimates of the rate of adaptive molecular evolution from closely related species may be

125 We find that a third source of molecular evolution, gene gain and loss, is accelerated

126 Germline mutation determines rates of molecular evolution, genetic diversity, and fitness load

127 that despite the overall stochasticity, even molecular evolution has a certain degree of repeatabilit

128 One of the most influential observations in molecular evolution has been a strong association betwee

129 Variation in rates of molecular evolution has been attributed to numerous, int

130 Molecular evolution has focused on the divergence of mol

131 Variable rates of molecular evolution have been documented across the tree

132 Numerous models of molecular evolution have been formulated to describe the

133 Theories of adaptive molecular evolution have recently experienced significan

134 ailable has expanded horizons of inquiry for molecular evolution; however, the full potential of whol

135 scheme are potentially informative of early molecular evolution: (i) the absence of any codons for D

136 The history and mechanism of molecular evolution in DNA have been greatly elucidated

137 The results suggest that molecular evolution in enzyme-free replication systems w

138 n of organisms and can be a driving force of molecular evolution in humans and the great apes.

139 o) perspectives for a more synthetic view of molecular evolution in insect societies.

140 results indicate that nonneutral convergent molecular evolution in mitochondria can occur at a scale

141 ive poliovirus vaccine in humans, we studied molecular evolution in Sabin-like poliovirus isolates fr

142 he effects of these processes on patterns of molecular evolution in the fly Drosophila recens, which

143 viral parasite, phage Phi2, that the rate of molecular evolution in the phage was far higher when bot

144 We also show evidence for rapid molecular evolution in the songbird lineage of genes tha

145 f selection and drift in shaping patterns of molecular evolution in the zebra finch genome.

146 Here we analyse the dynamics of molecular evolution in twelve experimental populations o

147 have important implications for patterns of molecular evolution in variable environments, and they s

148 for inferring geographic spread and rates of molecular evolution in viruses) in a different context:

149 model for recapitulating very early steps in molecular evolution in which fitness may have been enhan

150 iruses and a model organism for the study of molecular evolution; in particular, much research has fo

151 vergence in this case is not due to parallel molecular evolution, indicating that there may be more t

152 the rate of fitness gain declines over time, molecular evolution is characterized by signatures of ra

153 However, an unresolved question in molecular evolution is how often and how significantly f

154 A fundamental question in molecular evolution is how proteins can adapt to new fun

155 examples of genetic convergence suggest that molecular evolution is in some cases strongly constraine

156 The extent of convergent molecular evolution is largely unknown, yet is critical

157 and magnitude) of parameter fluctuations in molecular evolution is less understood.

158 V host lineages to have independent rates of molecular evolution is necessary for reliable phylogenet

159 Our results suggest that, whereas convergent molecular evolution is relatively common, adaptive molec

160 An open question in bacterial molecular evolution is that of the formation and breakup

161 One of the foundational results in molecular evolution is that the rate at which neutral su

162 One central goal in molecular evolution is to pinpoint the mechanisms and ev

163 which proteins change is a key parameter in molecular evolution, its determinants are poorly underst

164 iversity-generating retroelements (DGRs) are molecular evolution machines that facilitate microbial a

165 The estimation of parameters in molecular evolution may be biased when some processes ar

166 ote that computationally based insights into molecular evolution may heavily depend on the software u

167 ons, our results suggest that rapid rates of molecular evolution may not arise primarily as a consequ

168 Molecular evolution methods such as phage display have b

169 g in a simplified way, in combination with a molecular evolution model.

170 In a manner conceptually similar to molecular evolution models in which the evolutionary rat

171 Molecular evolution models that partitioned rates of cha

172 rtant new interdisciplinary linkages between molecular evolution, molecular biology, and enzymology.

173 establishes the classical neutral theory of molecular evolution (NTME) as the basis for evaluating d

174 which the estimates of the rate of adaptive molecular evolution obtained by extending the McDonald-K

175 We describe the molecular evolution of a MinD-like ATPase into a flagell

176 cations have played an important role in the molecular evolution of ant communication.

177 lecular association processes and key to the molecular evolution of antibody responses.

178 Here we examine the molecular evolution of baculoviruses and nudiviruses, a

179 hypotheses for the processes underlying the molecular evolution of behavior.

180 RNA sequence space but are relevant for the molecular evolution of biological RNA.

181 ription factor and provide insights into the molecular evolution of c-di-GMP binding to proteins.

182 To understand the molecular evolution of CAS and OASS in the BSAS enzyme f

183 tic organisms provides new insights into the molecular evolution of collagens and the origins of the

184 s study provides additional insight into the molecular evolution of d-Ala:d-X ligases and could contr

185 describe a generic protocol for the directed molecular evolution of designer receptors exclusively ac

186 goal was to expand our understanding of the molecular evolution of Drosophila female reproductive ge

187 ic explanations have emerged to describe the molecular evolution of eusociality from solitary behavio

188 of PL2 progenitor enzymes and illuminate the molecular evolution of exolysis.

189 fungal TERs, and provides insights into the molecular evolution of fungal TER structure and function

190 ce of the plasma membrane environment on the molecular evolution of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR

191 the influence of chromatin structure on the molecular evolution of genomic DNA.

192 define the phylogeographical association and molecular evolution of hantaviruses.

193 umber alterations support a model of ordered molecular evolution of IDH1(R132MUT) GBM in which the ap

194 lancing selection, little is known about the molecular evolution of individual genes on the PAIs.

195 We review available data on molecular evolution of insect sociality and highlight ke

196 To provide utility in understanding the molecular evolution of ion-selective biomembrane channel

197 o study the design principles underlying the molecular evolution of K(+) channels.

198 Here, we investigated the molecular evolution of MHC class I and II genes in five

199 and modeling mutational paths describing the molecular evolution of MS2 from low- to high-affinity ha

200 oup are needed for a better knowledge of the molecular evolution of NOS enzymes in molluscs.

201 wo powerful and compatible approaches to the molecular evolution of novel AAV vectors for human gene

202 Here I analyze the molecular evolution of orthologous conotoxin loci of the

203 However, the molecular evolution of P450s in terms of their dynamics

204 These data infer differences in the molecular evolution of pancreatic cancer subtypes and id

205 Recent genetic mapping of the molecular evolution of pancreatic cancer suggests that a

206 gth PLV genomes in order to characterize the molecular evolution of PLV in bobcats and mountain lions

207 e evolution, but the mechanisms by which the molecular evolution of polyploid genomes establishes gen

208 One of the strongest signals of adaptive molecular evolution of proteins is the occurrence of con

209 We discuss a scenario for the molecular evolution of RapZ through re-purpose of enzyme

210 vide insights into the forces that drive the molecular evolution of regulatory mechanisms.

211 To comprehensively characterize the molecular evolution of relapsed childhood B-precursor AL

212 atousness, and for further dissection of the molecular evolution of rhizomatousness.

213 These data indicate an imperative for the molecular evolution of RI and suggest a means of enhanci

214 ria parasites into diverse hosts and for the molecular evolution of RNA polymerase II.

215 A molecules and improve our understanding of molecular evolution of RNA.

216 ality control mechanism can be harnessed for molecular evolution of scFvs that are soluble in the red

217 Here, we show that the molecular evolution of SHH is markedly accelerated in pr

218 earch is to uncover common principles in the molecular evolution of sociality.

219 rmations available to calmodulin support the molecular evolution of structurally and functionally dis

220 t, provide a unique opportunity to study the molecular evolution of substrate specificity within the

221 ovides novel insight into the forces shaping molecular evolution of that virus during 5 years of pers

222 unction paradigm for peroxidases and for the molecular evolution of the dual-function enzyme DHP.

223 Molecular evolution of the gene has been extensively inv

224 Here we studied the molecular evolution of the HIV-1 epidemic from the time

225 First, we analyzed the molecular evolution of the KANK genes in metazoan, and f

226 hGH LCR activity, and provide insight on the molecular evolution of the LCR.

227 Here, we systematically examine the molecular evolution of the mammalian intrinsic apoptosis

228 ble attention has recently been given to the molecular evolution of the opsins and other photorecepto

229 Following directed molecular evolution of the parental clone the resultant

230 e selection is not sufficient to explain the molecular evolution of the region as a whole.

231 entity, provides a unique perspective on the molecular evolution of the RNase A superfamily, as well

232 We develop this concept by investigating the molecular evolution of the shelterin complex, which prot

233 Furthermore, molecular evolution of the supergene is dominated not by

234 Given these differences, the molecular evolution of the XTH gene products in GH16 has

235 We describe the molecular evolution of these protein families.

236 ver, the particular biological functions and molecular evolution of this gene family remain largely u

237 It follows that the molecular evolution of this genomic region of HIV-1 is h

238 To understand the molecular evolution of this system, we studied the nurse

239 quences means that little is known about the molecular evolution of this virus within a single geogra

240 Here, we analyze the molecular evolution of VacA.

241 cone pigments can provide insights into the molecular evolution of vertebrate vision since they are

242 e pigment and rhodopsin provide insight into molecular evolution of vertebrate visual pigments in ach

243 This study sheds light on the molecular evolution of viruses by clearly demonstrating

244 rstanding of the complexities underlying the molecular evolution of viruses in natural populations is

245 While much is known about the ancestry and molecular evolution of Western, East Asian, and Amerindi

246 In sum, the molecular evolution of WNV in North America depicts a la

247 le indicating an inherent irreversibility in molecular evolution, oil escape also serves as a rare an

248 nvironments than previously assumed and that molecular evolution on the early Earth could have benefi

249 se of the difficulty of determining rates of molecular evolution over short time frames.

250 ntributed-from studies of the mating system, molecular evolution, plant-herbivore and plant-parasite

251 nt implications for several fields including molecular evolution, population genetics and protein des

252 The neutral theory of molecular evolution predicts that the amount of neutral

253 We devised a molecular evolution procedure to evolve E. coli promoter

254 To resolve how rapidly molecular evolution proceeds in the tobomaviruses, we es

255 eptide sequences selected from combinatorial molecular evolution processes will be demonstrated.

256 g that age-related disease genes have faster molecular evolution rates and predicting new aging-relat

257 sing data on reciprocal hybrid viability and molecular evolution rates from a clade of freshwater fis

258 lationship between phenotypic plasticity and molecular evolution remains poorly understood.

259 Much molecular-evolution research is concerned with sequence

260 ectrochemically reversible--a consequence of molecular evolution responding to stringent biological d

261 oteins are intriguing examples of convergent molecular evolution resulting in similar enzyme properti

262 Furthermore, analyses of molecular evolution revealed an increased mutational loa

263 Patterns of molecular evolution seen here--primarily a paucity of hi

264 Differences in their rates and patterns of molecular evolution should be highly relevant to their e

265 Application of established models of molecular evolution shows that SPN is evolving under pos

266 e invoked and the corresponding scenarios of molecular evolution specified.

267 cofactor complex were targeted in a directed molecular evolution strategy that implements streamlined

268 amic evolution have largely been left out of molecular evolution studies.

269 Our molecular evolution study shows that paralogs have diver

270 While standard molecular evolution tests could not reject neutrality, o

271 sults demonstrate how changes in the rate of molecular evolution that are linked to life history trai

272 We propose a mode of molecular evolution that describes the process by which

273 The mechanistic model of molecular evolution that emerges yields testable biochem

274 Models of molecular evolution that incorporate the ratio of nonsyn

275 We know nothing about general patterns of molecular evolution that may accompany host specializati

276 A central assumption of models of molecular evolution, that each site in a sequence evolve

277 have been widely used to calibrate rates of molecular evolution, the completion of the Central Ameri

278 sing both covarion and noncovarion models of molecular evolution, the latter also incorporating linea

279 Within molecular evolution, the so called hypercycle defines th

280 If there is little adaptive molecular evolution, then slightly deleterious mutations

281 s (such as hosts and parasites) should drive molecular evolution through continual natural selection

282 They enable molecular evolution to be monitored in real time on a ge

283 rate 33 fossil calibrations, permit rates of molecular evolution to be uncorrelated across the tree,

284 sis and synthetic chemistry, enzymology, and molecular evolution to discover or create enzymes with n

285 Here we used molecular evolution to modify the NNGRRT PAM of Staphylo

286 transition metal centre and the potential of molecular evolution to modulate the reactivity and subst

287 The application of this theory of divergent molecular evolution to promiscuous enzymes may allow us

288 works have been used to further the study of molecular evolution, to gain insight into the robustness

289 ropicalis is a useful model for the study of molecular evolution, transcriptional regulation, and str

290 To understand why molecular evolution turned out as it did, we must charac

291 ution rates, selective constraints and other molecular evolution variables of interest an increasingl

292 atalytic properties, structural features and molecular evolution, vis-a-vis fungal laccases where pos

293 Graminoid molecular evolution was investigated by chloroplast geno

294 By applying rational design and molecular evolution we have engineered R. palustris bact

295 By introducing biophysical insights in molecular evolution, we are able to identify the adaptiv

296 ulation factor VIII and predictive models of molecular evolution, we engineer protein variants with i

297 f these properties is an unsolved problem in molecular evolution with broad implications for protein

298 In practice, this work explicitly bridges molecular evolution with population genetics with applic

299 whether such genes show distinct patterns of molecular evolution within species, we examined sequence

300 ar structure and function into computational molecular-evolution work.