ライフサイエンスコーパス: monetary

1 ts performed the same task to avoid losing a monetary amount.

2 istinct neural networks represent the SVs of monetary and food rewards and that these distinct networ

3 Both monetary and non-monetary incentives are frequently prov

4 ces in imports and domestic production using monetary and physical data from official import and expo

5 een shown to be involved in the valuation of monetary and primary rewards in both social and non-soci

6 Connectivity analyses suggest that monetary and social value signals are integrated in the

7 imple incentive delay task manipulating both monetary and visual erotic rewards, focusing on reward o

8 ltrasociality, as expressed in agricultural, monetary, and fossil fuel economies, has spurred exponen

9 the plaintiff and was associated with higher monetary awards than was adult litigation.

10 ectiveness (primary outcome) and incremental monetary benefit (secondary outcome) of an ideal (100% s

11 ality-adjusted life-years gained and the net monetary benefit analysis indicates a 98% probability (p

12 cost-effectiveness ratio and performed a net monetary benefit analysis, producing the probability tha

13 We used the net monetary benefit approach and computed cost-effectivenes

14 sis which considered length of stay, the net monetary benefit for the care bundle was estimated to be

15 ctiveness acceptability curves using the net monetary benefit were computed, combining bootstrap and

16 In analyses of net monetary benefit, the probability that comprehensive car

17 The cost-benefit analysis estimated net monetary benefit, which considered both the costs of pre

18 ed trading handgrip force production against monetary benefits.

19 e between immediate food rewards and delayed monetary bonuses.

20 The task consisted of a range of monetary choices with variable delay times, yielding ind

21 tion to both gain and loss compared to a non-monetary condition.

22 can be achieved using the new approach and a monetary cost analysis provides a practical measure of i

23 developing T2D, and second, to estimate the monetary cost associated with dietary diversity.

24 hese individual costs suggest that the total monetary cost of dementia in 2010 was between $157 billi

25 The yearly monetary cost per person that was attributable to dement

26 In addition to the monetary cost, this increase imposes a statistical cost

27 The monetary costs attributable to dementia are likely to be

28 imated annual changes in health outcomes and monetary costs expected from pollution changes using the

29 activation in response to reward-predicting monetary cues in both smokers and non-smokers.

30 ygen-level-dependent responses to erotic and monetary cues were analyzed and examined with respect to

31 of 91 products and 9 product groups and uses monetary data on net capital stocks of 56 products to ei

32 took part in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a monetary decision making task that strongly relies on th

33 Using a delay discounting monetary decision task known to discriminate brain regio

34 nts, and 75 healthy controls participated in monetary decision-making tasks assessing risk and loss a

35 Imagining the future biased subsequent monetary decisions toward choices associated with a high

36 is mediated by impulsivity, as reflected in monetary delay discounting rates, for those with high VS

37 xposing subjects to a sustainability-related monetary donation task, with the option to support eithe

38 lyer on individuals' expectations of others' monetary donations as well their own volunteering behavi

39 tanding others' mental states--predicts both monetary donations to others and time spent helping othe

40 ssociated with the AMPT-induced reduction of monetary earning in HC in contrast to rBN participants.

41 h human subjects attempted to maximize their monetary earnings by rapidly choosing items from a brief

42 help the second-party victim using their own monetary endowment in an unfair context.

43 rt (i.e., distrust) or how much of their own monetary endowment they wanted to send to their counterp

44 de either how much of a counterpart player's monetary endowment they wanted to take from their counte

45 rm that has not historically been limited to monetary exchange.

46 kedly driven up costs, in both institutional monetary expenditures and lost research effort.

47 dissociable primary (erotic) and secondary (monetary) experienced value signals at specific OFC sulc

48 suggests that it removes the influence of a monetary favor by controlling responses in known valuati

49 inst judgment bias even in the presence of a monetary favor.

50 results raise the important possibility that monetary favors bias judgments in domains seemingly unre

51 Using a cohort of art experts, we show that monetary favors do not bias the experts' valuation of ar

52 eveloping-country context, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a crucial role in determining

53 per capita as provided by the International Monetary Fund and oral burden of disease estimates from

54 he 37 countries comprising the International Monetary Fund's advanced economies index.

55 s such as the reports from the International Monetary Fund's Article IV consultations, rating agencie

56 Furthermore, the evaluation of monetary gain and loss was assessed.

57 Neural responses to monetary gain and loss were measured using the feedback-

58 We found NAcc responses to monetary gain and loss were significantly variable acros

59 ed potential elicited by feedback indicating monetary gain relative to loss, has been associated with

60 avlovian) conditioning task with appetitive (monetary gain) and aversive (monetary loss and electric

61 tcome was encoded in the same way as that of monetary gain, in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

62 carriers showed no activation in response to monetary gains and a blunted DA response to the analgesi

63 with performance outcome valence, following monetary gains and losses in human PD patients (12 women

64 ectations, and the anticipatory responses to monetary gains and losses in the VTA-NAc pathway.

65 aces that varied in their attractiveness and monetary gains and losses-while being scanned using func

66 FC) help individuals select better long-term monetary gains during intertemporal choice.

67 ponded to incentive cues depicting potential monetary gains or losses of varying magnitudes.

68 Participants placed bets and experienced monetary gains or losses.

69 tivity to cues predicting erotic pictures vs monetary gains was significantly related to the increase

70 BOLD responses were more robust when sharing monetary gains with a friend as compared to the confeder

71 rescribes, resulting in losses or suboptimal monetary gains.

72 erotic pictures but not for cues predicting monetary gains.

73 med a skilled motor task to obtain potential monetary gains; in another, participants performed the s

74 ing impending pain and value predictions for monetary gambles and pcore activating with anticipation

75 reward by accepting or rejecting successive monetary gambles within arbitrarily defined temporal con

76 dolescent and adult participants performed a monetary gambling task in which they chose to accept or

77 s (NAcc), but normal activation levels for a monetary gambling task.

78 sitivity predicted altruism measured through monetary generosity.

79 ents' reward positivity was measured using a monetary guessing task, their current depressive symptom

80 should be accounted for when considering the monetary impact of efforts to improve water quality.

81 This article shows that a simple monetary incentive can dramatically reduce electric ener

82 al magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the monetary incentive delay (MID) task to assess reward-eff

83 level dependency (BOLD) in the VS using the monetary incentive delay (MID) task, distinguishing rewa

84 rd-related striatal function and behavior, a monetary incentive delay task (in conjunction with funct

85 agnetic resonance imaging while performing a monetary incentive delay task (MIDT) pretreatment and po

86 used a functional magnetic resonance imaging monetary incentive delay task (MIDT) to investigate rewa

87 on anticipatory reward processing, using the monetary incentive delay task (MIDT), and response inhib

88 oking abstinence when subjects performed the monetary incentive delay task and in dorsal anterior cin

89 er ventral striatal BOLD response during the monetary incentive delay task and lower inferior frontal

90 in the NAcc to reward anticipation during a monetary incentive delay task controlling for sex, age,

91 tic resonance imaging was performed during a monetary incentive delay task designed to assess neural

92 NF Val(66)Met polymorphism and underwent the monetary incentive delay task during an functional magne

93 ticipatory reward processing using a revised monetary incentive delay task during fMRI in cohorts of

94 0 matched controls completed two runs of the monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic

95 ng anticipation of monetary reward using the monetary incentive delay task following alcohol challeng

96 Only studies applying the monetary incentive delay task in addicted and at-risk ad

97 ontrol comparison participants performed the Monetary Incentive Delay Task to identify brain activati

98 Functional MRI during a monetary incentive delay task was collected in 175 parti

99 vation during reward anticipation (using the monetary incentive delay task) and to gray matter densit

100 n = 23/20; smokers/nonsmokers) performed the monetary incentive delay task, probing reward anticipati

101 esonance imaging during the performance of a monetary incentive delay task.

102 s from a widely used and validated task: the monetary incentive delay task.

103 age: 69.0) underwent fMRI while completing a monetary incentive delay task.

104 tion and receipt of reward and loss during a monetary incentive delay task.

105 ed ventral striatal BOLD response during the monetary incentive delay task.

106 t functional imaging during performance of a monetary incentive delay task.

107 nance imaging while playing a variant of the monetary incentive delay task.

108 nctional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary incentive delay task.

109 ABRA2, participated in an fMRI study using a monetary incentive delay task.

110 ) underwent MRI two times while performing a monetary incentive delay task.

111 onse was assessed using fMRI with a modified Monetary Incentive Delay task.

112 te region (t=-2.961, p=3.69 x 10(-3)) in the monetary incentive delay task.

113 relative to placebo during performance of a monetary incentive delay task.

114 esponses to three paradigms-the stop-signal, monetary incentive delay, and faces tasks-were collected

115 ) responses to anticipation of reward in the monetary incentive task in 1,576 adolescents in a commun

116 to LES were given additional training (and a monetary incentive) to improve management of patients wi

117 s over four times larger than offering a $25 monetary incentive, the company's previous policy.

118 Functional neuroimaging analysis of a monetary incentive-delay task in 663 adolescent boys rev

119 a nuanced interplay between the provision of monetary incentives and behavioral performance.

120 s included organizational policies governing monetary incentives and staff hiring.

121 Both monetary and non-monetary incentives are frequently provided to CDDs, alt

122 ensitivity and consummatory pleasure towards monetary incentives as the controls; but they exhibited

123 er short message service (SMS) reminders and monetary incentives can improve immunisation uptake in K

124 With monetary incentives emphasizing speed and penalty for sl

125 nal achievements and thus, provides not only monetary incentives for innovation but also social statu

126 mphasizes that OCD patients are sensitive to monetary incentives heightening speed in the speed-accur

127 Furthermore, monetary incentives improved tuberculosis identification

128 Lower motivation for monetary incentives linked alcohol use and binge eating

129 response task involving gains and losses of monetary incentives to be paid at three different delays

130 vel using pupillary and saccadic response to monetary incentives, allowing reward sensitivity to be e

131 ntangle the effects of punitive preferences, monetary incentives, and individual punishment costs on

132 INTERPRETATION: Small non-monetary incentives, which are potentially scalable, wer

133 jects also had lower motivation for explicit monetary incentives.

134 cipants were exerting physical effort to win monetary incentives.

135 s with contextual cues but in the absence of monetary incentives.

136 cost, and not by any change in the weight of monetary incentives.

137 ch consequently lead to an important loss of monetary income.

138 Monetary inputs to, and surgical procedures provided by,

139 lated with reduced discounting in a separate monetary intertemporal choice task.

140 ience-based catch or effort limits, and that monetary investment into fisheries can help achieve mana

141 ith appetitive (monetary gain) and aversive (monetary loss and electric shock) outcomes during high-r

142 onditioning in human subjects to explore how monetary loss associated with a pure tone can affect cha

143 plitudes that closely mirrored the amount of monetary loss associated with each error type, suggestin

144 esulting in overall increased and irrational monetary loss for the subjects.

145 The influence of monetary loss on decision making and choice behavior is

146 for monetary reward but also for punishment (monetary loss).

147 y for the negative feedback to be coupled to monetary loss, it had to be clearly related to the actua

148 gnitude of threat corresponded to a possible monetary loss, signaled as a quantity.

149 es were associated with different amounts of monetary loss, updating expected outcomes on error trial

150 r placebo had an effect on learning to avoid monetary loss.

151 ex and insula were associated with potential monetary loss.

152 potential for either a monetary reward or a monetary loss.

153 nce but did not influence performance (i.e., monetary losses or rewards).

154 prefrontal cortices to the receipt of large monetary losses, and also with subclinical levels of anx

155 n brain responses during the anticipation of monetary losses, baseline D2/3 receptor availability, an

156 to chance (60/40 versus 80/20) or potential monetary losses, participants increased their evidence s

157 earning from reward but not in learning from monetary losses.

158 eward or learn to avoid actions that lead to monetary losses.

159 rediction error or regret emotion after real monetary losses.

160 ion an individual showed when choosing among monetary lotteries predicted their risk aversion toward

161 Though adults find ambiguous monetary lotteries undesirable, adolescents find them to

162 monetary offers; and (ii) social context of monetary offers designed to produce either prosocial or

163 was modulated in response to (i) fairness of monetary offers; and (ii) social context of monetary off

164 engaged in two feedback tasks to gain either monetary or cigarette rewards.

165 t varied in both the physical effort and the monetary outcome associated with choice options.

166 with information about forgone and obtained monetary outcomes so as to dissociate teaching signals t

167 pants played a card guessing game for shared monetary outcomes with three partners: a computer, a con

168 n in this same region of dmPFC with negative monetary outcomes, but no overlap with nearby activation

169 ual differences in rapid neural responses to monetary outcomes.

170 cts the degree to which the value of delayed monetary payments is discounted.

171 correlated with discounting rates for future monetary payments.

172 ance behavior was negatively correlated with monetary performance.

173 Willingness to pay (WTP) is a monetary, preference-based, burden-of-disease measure wi

174 in which subjects make choices between real monetary prizes for themselves and another.

175 To investigate the temporal dynamics of how monetary punishment influences perceptual decision makin

176 ased on a single year of data, use different monetary references, are calculated from different persp

177 between donors and recipients fosters direct monetary relationship with no safeguards against mutual

178 tum game) where proposers offer a split of a monetary resource to a responder who either accepts or r

179 Climate stresses and monetary resources seem to lead to different collective

180 The relationship of climate and monetary resources to various freedoms can be enriched i

181 Monetary resources will be a consequence but will also b

182 s the interaction between climactic demands, monetary resources, and freedom suggest a more general r

183 hird, a direct relationship between climate, monetary resources, and psychological variables is a sim

184 ands of cold winters or hot summers by using monetary resources.

185 verse human populations based on climate and monetary resources.

186 This requires extensive time and monetary resources.

187 ere, humans chose between a small, immediate monetary reward and a larger but delayed reward.

188 the mesolimbic system during anticipation of monetary reward and an alcohol infusion.

189 l striatum activation during anticipation of monetary reward and loss compared with controls.

190 We used human fMRI during choices involving monetary reward and physical effort to identify brain re

191 dex finger movement and were instructed that monetary reward and punishment were based on its maximal

192 e roles for each of the two subdivisions for monetary reward and thermal pain perception tasks: pshel

193 reward task involving monetary reward anticipation and/or outcome; participant

194 Examination of a well-established monetary reward anticipation paradigm during functional

195 lood oxygenation level-dependent response to monetary reward as constrained by sleep midpoint.

196 , which not only examined choice balance for monetary reward but also for punishment (monetary loss).

197 By contrast, negative habenula responses to monetary reward cue values predict behavioral invigorati

198 sponse to receipt and anticipated receipt of monetary reward did not predict body fat gain, which has

199 ant item that was previously associated with monetary reward during a brief training session.

200 act of reinforcing a skill memory trace with monetary reward following memory reactivation, on streng

201 ens (NAcc) activation during anticipation of monetary reward from childhood to young adulthood.

202 In another session, the outcome was monetary reward instead of pain.

203 Pupillary dilation to increasing levels of monetary reward on offer provided quantifiable metrics o

204 were motivated by the potential for either a monetary reward or a monetary loss.

205 either learn to choose actions that lead to monetary reward or learn to avoid actions that lead to m

206 fically, experienced value signal induced by monetary reward outcome was systematically located in th

207 nd anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward predicted body fat gain over 3-year foll

208 nd anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward predicted body fat gain over a 3-year fo

209 1) and putamen (r = .28, p<.001) response to monetary reward predicted substance use onset over 1-yea

210 and subjects were told they would receive a monetary reward proportional to their final score.

211 Subjects completed both a monetary reward task and a resting-state acquisition dur

212 Using a novel monetary reward task during functional magnetic resonanc

213 resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing a monetary reward task.

214 sustained attention task with and without a monetary reward to assess the impact of reward on sustai

215 o continue with throwing a die to accumulate monetary reward under escalating risk, or the alternativ

216 (BOLD) signal change during anticipation of monetary reward using the monetary incentive delay task

217 d functional connectivity for resting state, monetary reward, and thermal pain tasks, and for all thr

218 esonance imaging during a guessing task with monetary reward, genotyping for two PER2 SNPs (rs2304672

219 detect naturalistic objects associated with monetary reward, the evasion of equivalent loss, or neit

220 Attenuation of monetary reward-related activation during abstinence was

221 ent utilization of information for obtaining monetary reward.

222 ividuals take fewer risks as they accumulate monetary reward.

223 ticostriatal circuits that also responded to monetary reward.

224 es for expected pain relief and for expected monetary reward.

225 d less caudate (r =-.31, p<.001) response to monetary reward.

226 putamen, caudate, and insula, in response to monetary reward.

227 nd anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward.

228 le occipital gyrus activation in response to monetary reward.

229 s emerged in response to anticipated food or monetary reward.

230 mus, and orbitofrontal cortex in response to monetary reward.

231 nd anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward.

232 sivity to receipt and anticipated receipt of monetary reward.

233 ean control subjects (LC) while performing a monetary reward/loss task that parses anticipatory and o

234 nd anticipated receipt of palatable food and monetary reward; body fat and substance use were assesse

235 striatal recruitment during anticipation of monetary rewards and impulsivity in alcohol dependence,

236 ts with Parkinson's disease (PD) to maximize monetary rewards and minimize physical efforts in a prob

237 e investigated trade-off decisions combining monetary rewards and painful electric shocks, administer

238 Both real and hypothetical monetary rewards are widely used as reinforcers in risk

239 nce of dissociated effects of smoking versus monetary rewards as a function of abstinence.

240 participants made hand reaches and received monetary rewards as feedback on a trial-by-trial basis.

241 healthy human volunteers to exert effort for monetary rewards at varying levels of reward value and r

242 Subjects received monetary rewards for touching the target and incurred lo

243 ing anticipation and outcome notification of monetary rewards in addiction.

244 ing anticipation and outcome notification of monetary rewards in individuals with addiction using ima

245 for future utility of real and hypothetical monetary rewards in studies of risk taking and decision

246 in humans, we discovered that giving people monetary rewards led to activation of a preestablished n

247 However, whether real and hypothetical monetary rewards modulate risk taking and decision makin

248 erential effects of real versus hypothetical monetary rewards on risk taking behavior and brain activ

249 examine the effects of real and hypothetical monetary rewards on risk taking in the brain.

250 he scanner, in which they received erotic or monetary rewards preceded by predictive cues.

251 attempted reach trajectories determined the monetary rewards received in a manner that can be manipu

252 omorbid OCD, discounted the value of delayed monetary rewards significantly less than OCD and healthy

253 d a greater willingness to give up long-term monetary rewards to obtain immediate high-calorie foods.

254 was significantly higher and anticipation of monetary rewards was significantly lower during abstinen

255 Monetary rewards were used because the rewarding value o

256 uring prey and evading predators to optimize monetary rewards while exposed to the threat of unpredic

257 layed rewards when choosing between two real monetary rewards, (iii) reduced the brain reward respons

258 igate a virtual-reality environment and find monetary rewards, allowing the functional assessment of

259 positivity to cigarette rewards relative to monetary rewards, and by applying excitatory or inhibito

260 ne significantly increased choice of delayed monetary rewards, and this tolcapone-induced increase co

261 gaze bias for faces paired with high vs low monetary rewards, thus validating the use of gaze bias a

262 ks that involve trading physical efforts for monetary rewards, to quantify parameters that capture mo

263 to make saccadic eye movements for different monetary rewards, with eye position, velocity, and pupil

264 eneralizes to other affective stimuli--here, monetary rewards--we modified the emotional oddball task

265 onse during anticipation of both smoking and monetary rewards.

266 ing on neural processing of both smoking and monetary rewards.

267 s and the midcingulate cortex in response to monetary rewards.

268 itive effort causes participants to discount monetary rewards.

269 suggesting increased loss aversion with real monetary rewards.

270 cur the highest environmental impacts if the monetary savings from unpurchased food commodities were

271 ts, childhood asthma, and cancer, outperform monetary savings information to drive behavioral change

272 ork using an art-viewing paradigm shows that monetary sponsorship of the experiment by a company (a f

273 This suggests that monetary stimuli are treated like affective stimuli by v

274 dvanced for emotional stimuli, we found that monetary stimuli produced activations within both the dl

275 ned ventral striatal responses to erotic and monetary stimuli, disentangling cue-related 'wanting' fr

276 behavioural sanitation intervention with no monetary subsidies, diarrhoeal prevalence remained simil

277 id not involve any conflict between opposing monetary, temporal, or social preferences.

278 that, once the incentives are switched from monetary to child-benefitting, gender differences disapp

279 ve epochs of this game, participants collect monetary tokens on a spatial grid while under threat of

280 male and female human participants collected monetary tokens under a threat of virtual predation.

281 EEBT approach due to the consistency with a monetary trade balance.

282 ensuing carbon balances are compatible with monetary trade balances, discuss their different interpr

283 While both subjects evaluated further monetary transfers from the experimenter to themselves a

284 d disgusting stimulations, as well as unfair monetary treatments.

285 erent environmental impacts through a single monetary unit.

286 s supported by impact assessments, including monetary valuation of environmental and health damages.

287 of up to 21%; concerning risk assessment and monetary valuation, differences in assessing long-term e

288 mospheric dispersion, impact assessment, and monetary valuation.

289 fits of the CNG conversion policy, including monetary valuations, through an impact pathway approach.

290 may be biased by the violin's extraordinary monetary value and historical importance, but no studies

291 correlation between an instrument's age and monetary value and its perceived quality; and (iv) most

292 f which eight were assessed to calculate the monetary value of an IQ point.

293 Mobile money, a service that allows monetary value to be stored on a mobile phone and sent t

294 onal quality and taste, it has gained a high monetary value.

295 Our main outcomes are the monetary values and types of payments received by physic

296 olor, and pattern) that were associated with monetary values.

297 Each picture was paired with a monetary win or loss either congruently or incongruently

298 eural responses associated with experiencing monetary wins and losses.

299 ly shown value information to maximize their monetary wins and minimize their losses.

300 gions and encodes value (greater response to monetary wins than losses during fMRI), while the ventra