ライフサイエンスコーパス: monolignol

1 oniferyl alcohol radicals or a radical and a monolignol).

2 d pathways (i.e., the pathways supplying the monolignols).

3 olymerization of p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols (monolignols).

4 hree different hydroxycinnamyl alcohols, the monolignols.

5 densation of three monomeric precursors, the monolignols.

6 xyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) monolignols.

7 binding affinity and catalytic efficiency on monolignols.

8 hydroxycinnamoyl aldehydes (monolignals) to monolignols.

9 om the oxidative coupling of three classical monolignols.

10 f the lignin monomeric precursors, primarily monolignols.

11 the last reductive step in the formation of monolignols.

12 d from the oxidative polymerization of three monolignols.

13 deprotonation of the para-hydroxyl group of monolignols.

14 roxycinnamyl transferase that couples pCA to monolignols.

15 tivated state of the acid for reduction into monolignols.

16 s and catalytic improvement of an artificial monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase created by iterative sa

17 e-saturation mutagenesis, we created a novel monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase from the enzyme respons

18 hat specific remodeling the active site of a monolignol 4-O-methyltransferase would create an enzyme

19 Ptr4CL3 is the ortholog of the monolignol 4CL reported for many other species.

20 Here, we present evidence of two monolignol 4CLs, Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5, in Populus trichoc

21 oducts (and are not usually considered to be monolignols), 5-hydroxyconiferyl alcohol is now well est

22 oxyferulate for the biosynthesis of syringyl monolignol, a lignin constituent of angiosperm wood that

23 e conversion of hydroxycinnamyl aldehydes to monolignols, a key step in lignin biosynthesis.

24 the transferase was involved specifically in monolignol acylation.

25 sma membrane vesicles preferentially take up monolignol aglycones, whereas the vacuolar vesicles are

26 we demonstrate that the fluorescence-tagged monolignol analogs can penetrate into live plant tissues

27 In this study, a set of monolignol analogs gamma-linked to fluorogenic aminocoum

28 The current model for monolignol and ferulate biosynthesis appears to be an ov

29 by endwise cross-coupling of (radicals of) a monolignol and the growing oligomer/polymer.

30 he oxygen functionality at the side-chain of monolignols and competes with lignin formation for monol

31 y simple oxidative coupling assays involving monolignols and cysteine.

32 e cytoplasm, where they are coupled to other monolignols and proanthocyanidins.

33 erimental data and calculations on the three monolignols and simpler derivatives is used to establish

34 ors in the assays, we examined the uptake of monolignols and their derivatives by these native membra

35 mpeting with the formation of other acylated monolignols and without drastically impacting normal mon

36 es as some of its major products flavonoids, monolignols, and hydroxycinnamic- acid conjugates.

37 royl CoA, a precursor of both flavonoids and monolignols, and is an attractive target for transgenic

38 to synthesize polymers derived from lignin, monolignols, and lignin-derived chemicals.

39 mer, synthesis of monomers and polymers from monolignols, and polymers from lignin-derived chemicals,

40 nin monomeric precursors, denies the derived monolignols any participation in the subsequent coupling

41 H2O2-scavenging cultures and supported that monolignols are oxidatively coupled not only in the cell

42 patial accumulation of hydroxycinnamates and monolignols at the cell wall to confine disease was link

43 se results indicate that HCT1 is involved in monolignol biosynthesis and HCT2 is a novel transferase

44 carbons of cinnamic acid derivatives during monolignol biosynthesis are key steps that determine the

45 acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is involved in monolignol biosynthesis for lignification in plant cell

46 that these traits are regulated by distinct monolignol biosynthesis genes, encoding 4-coumarate-CoA

47 on/methylation pathway that directs syringyl monolignol biosynthesis in angiosperms.

48 ectively utilize caffeate for the support of monolignol biosynthesis in maturing xylem and phloem fib

49 in-complex-mediated 3-hydroxylation paths in monolignol biosynthesis in P. trichocarpa SDX; one conve

50 When monolignol biosynthesis in ProCESA7:miRNA CCR1 lines was

51 of SbMyb60 is associated with activation of monolignol biosynthesis in sorghum.

52 The evidence that syringyl monolignol biosynthesis is independent of caffeate and 5

53 shikimate esterase (CSE) as an enzyme in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana,

54 in the early steps of the currently accepted monolignol biosynthesis pathway in dicots may have funct

55 expression with the majority of genes in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway, revealed the function o

56 es of all known genes in the phenylpropanoid-monolignol biosynthesis pathway.

57 e7 (ProCESA7:miRNA CCR1) was used to silence monolignol biosynthesis specifically in cells developing

58 T-mediated pathway from guaiacyl to syringyl monolignol biosynthesis via coniferyl aldehyde that cont

59 igher expression levels of genes involved in monolignol biosynthesis, and led to higher abundances of

60 ny were associated with hydroxycinnamate and monolignol biosynthesis, both linked to cell wall modifi

61 te that SbMyb60 can activate pathways beyond monolignol biosynthesis, including those that synthesize

62 observed in Arabidopsis mutants with altered monolignol biosynthesis, indicate that they are all form

63 though we have a reasonable understanding of monolignol biosynthesis, many aspects of lignin assembly

64 ydrogenase (CAD) catalyzes the final step in monolignol biosynthesis, reducing sinapaldehyde, conifer

65 Because of its terminal location in monolignol biosynthesis, the variation in substrate spec

66 m (Sorghum bicolor) has been shown to induce monolignol biosynthesis, which leads to elevated lignin

67 rdinately modulate the CoA ligation flux for monolignol biosynthesis.

68 s related to the phenylpropanoid pathway and monolignol biosynthesis.

69 tabolism, which may redirect C and N towards monolignol biosynthesis.

70 hat either positively or negatively regulate monolignol biosynthesis.

71 involvement of membrane protein complexes in monolignol biosynthesis.

72 to their corresponding cinnamyl aldehydes in monolignol biosynthesis.

73 characterized shikimate O-HCTs implicated in monolignol biosynthesis.

74 gesting that it is not, in fact, involved in monolignol biosynthesis.

75 peration of the potential metabolic grid for monolignol biosynthesis.

76 s a re-evaluation of the role of COMT during monolignol biosynthesis.

77 via 5-hydroxyconiferyl aldehyde for syringyl monolignol biosynthesis.

78 which catalyzes the first committed step in monolignol biosynthesis.

79 to the shikimate pathway propagating down to monolignol biosynthesis.

80 In lignin precursor (monolignol) biosynthesis during stem wood formation in P

81 (Medicago sativa) by down-regulation of the monolignol biosynthetic enzyme hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme

82 tions, we have generated a list of candidate monolignol biosynthetic genes for switchgrass.

83 related with the low transcript abundance of monolignol biosynthetic genes, laccase genes, and certai

84 Manipulating the monolignol biosynthetic pathway offers a promising appro

85 pothesized that biochemical steps before the monolignol branch point are shared between phenylpropene

86 conversion of cinnamic acid derivatives into monolignol building blocks for lignin polymers in plant

87 droxylation does not occur, and the syringyl monolignol can be synthesized only from coniferyl aldehy

88 In grasses, these monolignols can be enzymatically preacylated by p-coumar

89 The biosynthesis of monolignols can potentially occur via two parallel pathw

90 h a proportion between syringyl and guaiacyl monolignols, characteristic for each species.

91 s are phenylpropanoid polymers, derived from monolignols, commonly found in terrestrial plant seconda

92 CR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants.

93 of AtLOV1 altered the lignin content and the monolignol composition of cell walls, and caused delayed

94 monomers in equimolar amounts, regardless of monolignol composition.

95 from the copolymerization of piceatannol and monolignols confirms the structures in the natural polym

96 as intermediates in the biosynthesis of the monolignols coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol.

97 ryl alcohol versus the two normally dominant monolignols, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohols.

98 o their incorporation into lignin, and these monolignol conjugates can also be "monomer" precursors o

99 in fewer pendent p-coumarate groups and more monolignol conjugates that improve lignin cleavage.

100 determine whether increased glucosylation of monolignols could influence flux through the soluble phe

101 support for the occurrence of intracellular monolignol coupling.

102 How stereoselective monolignol-derived phenoxy radical-radical coupling reac

103 inapate esters, the appearance of conjugated monolignols, dilignols, and trilignols, altered accumula

104 ins and that, in the absence of tricin, more monolignol dimerization reactions occur.

105 00-fold higher levels of cysteine adducts of monolignol dimers.

106 ing reactions in much the same way as normal monolignols do, suggesting that the hydroxycinnamyl alde

107 The 4-O-methoxylation of monolignol efficiently impairs oxidative radical couplin

108 Finally, monolignol feeding and lignin-specific chemical analysis

109 ent demonstrate that these trees produce the monolignol ferulate conjugates, export them to the wall,

110 backbone by augmenting the monomer pool with monolignol ferulate conjugates.

111 ation of lignin starts with the oxidation of monolignols, followed by endwise cross-coupling of (radi

112 rmation, in line with peroxidases activating monolignols for lignin polymerization.

113 oxidases (CIIIPRX) catalyze the oxidation of monolignols, generate radicals, and ultimately lead to t

114 Monolignol glucosides accumulate in a free form up to 9.

115 U45 and BGLU46 is coniferin and suggest that monolignol glucosides are the storage form of monolignol

116 Monolignol glucosides are thought to be implicated in th

117 of UGT72E2 led to increased accumulation of monolignol glucosides in root tissues and also the appea

118 The hydrolysis of these monolignol glucosides would involve beta-glucosidase act

119 f beta-GLUCOSIDASE45 (BGLU45) and BGLU46 for monolignol glucosides.

120 gnin chains do not appear to be initiated by monolignol homodehydrodimerization as they are in dicots

121 several phenylpropanoids in vitro, including monolignols, hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxycinnamic a

122 is essential to the biosynthesis of syringyl monolignol in angiosperms.

123 hydroxylated and methylated to the syringyl monolignol in angiosperms.

124 and sinapaldehyde into guaiacyl and syringyl monolignols in angiosperms.

125 onolignol glucosides are the storage form of monolignols in Arabidopsis, but not the direct precursor

126 AtMYB41 also resulted in elevated amounts of monolignols in leaves and an increase in the accumulatio

127 suggest that CCR2 is involved in a route to monolignols in Medicago whereby coniferaldehyde is forme

128 rization of caffeyl alcohol and conventional monolignols in vivo is spatially and/or temporally separ

129 Plants make lignin from a variety of monolignols including p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl

130 o become etherified by coupling with further monolignols, incorporating the 5-OH-CA integrally into t

131 tem can mediate the biosynthesis of syringyl monolignol intermediates through either route, k(cat)/K(

132 With each chain-extension step, monolignols invariably couple at their beta-positions, g

133 matic evidence for an alternative pathway to monolignols involving methylation of caffeoyl aldehyde a

134 The para-hydroxyl of each monolignol is crucial for radical generation and subsequ

135 The oxidation of monolignols is a required step for lignin polymerization

136 d its differential distribution into the two monolignols is controlled by Phe supply and differential

137 ndependent pathways to guaiacyl and syringyl monolignols is discussed.

138 to distinct sites, and that glucosylation of monolignols is necessary for their vacuolar storage but

139 in lower plant species, suggesting that the monolignol laccase genes diverged after the evolution of

140 Both aglycone forms and glycosides of monolignols, lignin oligomers, and (neo)lignans were ide

141 propose a novel role of BBE-like enzymes in monolignol metabolism that was previously not recognized

142 stem, indicating the existence of a complex monolignol metabolism.

143 ansferase to substitute the para-hydroxyl of monolignols might well interfere with the synthesis of l

144 issue region and is derived from traditional monolignols (ML) along with an unprecedented range of ML

145 The composition of monolignol monomers dictates the degree of lignin conden

146 Lignin precursors (monolignols) must be exported to the extracellular matri

147 The synthesis of monolignols occurs in the cytoplasm.

148 an aryl alkyl ether by radical coupling with monolignols or their acylated analogs.

149 didate enzymes and transcription factors for monolignol oxidation and apoplastic H2O2 production in a

150 Apoplastic events such as monolignol oxidation and lignin polymerization are diffi

151 Given that monolignol oxidation and monolignol radical coupling are

152 TRANSFERASE transgene can therefore produce monolignol p-coumarate conjugates essentially without co

153 sed to show the incorporation of the ensuing monolignol p-coumarate conjugates into the lignin of the

154 of model monocot species, but the effect of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates on lignification and p

155 lly acylate monolignols with pCA and produce monolignol p-coumarate conjugates that are used for lign

156 With a greater understanding of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates, grass lignins could b

157 d with p-coumarates by the polymerization of monolignol p-coumarate conjugates.

158 Although monolignol p-coumarate-derived units may comprise up to

159 at the expense of the naturally incorporated monolignol p-hydroxybenzoates.

160 ly formed from three monomers, the so-called monolignols (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols

161 -O-beta-coupling products of tricin with the monolignols (p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols

162 opy of the three lignin monomers (hereafter "monolignols") p-coumaryl alcohol (pCoumA), coniferyl alc

163 enes involved in the biosynthesis of the two monolignols, p-coumaryl and coniferyl alcohols (lignin/l

164 ly via oxidative polymerization of the three monolignols, p-coumaryl, coniferyl, and sinapyl alcohols

165 nolic groups is favored when p-coumaroylated monolignols participate in lignification in a grass in a

166 ds to the AC-I, AC-II and AC-III elements of monolignol pathway genes and down-regulates these genes

167 actor MYB58 directly regulates expression of monolignol pathway genes except for F5H.

168 ties against all potential substrates in the monolignol pathway in developing alfalfa stem extracts r

169 for the systematic genome-wide study of the monolignol pathway in switchgrass, as well as other C4 m

170 ing pathways that either sense flux into the monolignol pathway or respond to secondary cell-wall int

171 Genes encoding seven enzymes of the monolignol pathway were independently downregulated in a

172 ds consistent with the current models of the monolignol pathway.

173 In planta, such monolignol-pCA conjugates become incorporated into ligni

174 g 8% sucrose and 20 mm potassium iodide, the monolignol/phenylpropanoid pathway was induced, and tran

175 nd nonredundant with peroxidase activity for monolignol polymerization during plant vascular developm

176 No soluble monolignol precursors accumulated.

177 role for this enzyme in 3-O-methylation ofS monolignol precursors and hydroxycinnamic acids.

178 3-hydroxyl positions on the aromatic ring of monolignol precursors, with a preference for 5-hydroxyco

179 that are likely involved in regulating both monolignol production and polymerization as well as (neo

180 ols and without drastically impacting normal monolignol production.

181 he biochemical characterization of dirigent (monolignol radical binding) proteins in vitro, as well a

182 on of proteins harboring arrays of dirigent (monolignol radical binding) sites.

183 Given that monolignol oxidation and monolignol radical coupling are known to occur in the ap

184 r derived from the combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals in the cell wall.

185 ving intracellular combinatorial coupling of monolignol radicals, followed by oligomer glycosylation

186 h that the conformational preferences of the monolignols reflect the preferences of each of the ring

187 ulus spp., it has long been thought that one monolignol-specific 4CL is involved.

188 the enzyme catalyzing the first step in the monolignol-specific branch of the lignin biosynthetic pa

189 considerable flux changes of the general and monolignol-specific lignin pathways, ultimately leading

190 o 2 orders of magnitude greater activity for monolignol substrates.

191 ing cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, a key enzyme in monolignol synthesis and a target for improving the qual

192 es toward different substrates in regulating monolignol synthesis in xylem under compressional stress

193 Raman analysis showed that monolignols synthesized in the vessels also contribute t

194 ed for the racemic oligomers and polymers of monolignols that start from tricin (or incorporate other

195 that is polymerized by oxidative coupling of monolignols through the action of a NADPH oxidase and pe

196 gyl hydroxycinnamyl alcohol monomers (i.e., "monolignols") through chemical condensation with the gro

197 ly modifying the para-hydroxyl of a specific monolignol to deprive its dehydrogenation propensity wou

198 embrane; and the oxidative polymerization of monolignols to form lignin macromolecules within the cel

199 Tricin was also found to cross couple with monolignols to form tricin-(4'-O-beta)-linked dimers in

200 An acyltransferase, named p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase (OsPMT), that could acylate monol

201 nder the catalysis of p-coumaroyl-coenzyme A monolignol transferase (PMT).

202 sed an enzyme from rice that has p-coumarate monolignol transferase activity and determined its kinet

203 e rice (Oryza sativa) p-COUMAROYL-Coenzyme A MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE gene was introduced into two eudi

204 Plants expressing the p-COUMAROYL-Coenzyme A MONOLIGNOL TRANSFERASE transgene can therefore produce m

205 ledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying monolignol transport and oxidation, discusses the intrig

206 This acylation is performed on monolignols under the catalysis of p-coumaroyl-coenzyme

207 gnols and competes with lignin formation for monolignol utilization.

208 meta-hydroxylations of the phenolic ring of monolignols were found to colocalize in the endoplasmic

209 Radiolabeled monolignols were not detected in the cytoplasm or vacuol

210 e of the enzymes, whereas other glycosylated monolignols were rather poor substrates.

211 It occurs via oxidative coupling of monolignols, which are synthesized from the phenylpropan

212 phenylpropanoid-derived building blocks (the monolignols), whose modification through hydroxylation a

213 ) acyltransferases that specifically acylate monolignols with pCA and produce monolignol p-coumarate

214 gnol transferase (OsPMT), that could acylate monolignols with pCA in vitro was recently identified fr

215 hers resulted from the coupling of all three monolignols with the growing polymer, phenylcoumarans we

216 caffeoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) on the pathway to monolignols, with their ring methoxylation status charac

217 via three sequential steps: the synthesis of monolignols within the cytosol; the transport of monomer